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Shoemaker argued that memory judgments based on \u201cpersonal\u201d, <jats:italic>episodic<\/jats:italic> memory are only de facto IEM, not strictly speaking IEM, while Gareth Evans disputed it. In the past two decades research on memory has produced very significant results, which have changed the philosophical landscape. As part of it, several new arguments have been made for and against the IEM of personal memories. 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