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Species morphological and morphometric features, tissue tropism, type-host, and type-locality are provided from original descriptions. Data from subsequent redescriptions and reports is also given. Accession numbers to sequences deposited in GenBank are indicated when available, and the myxospores were redrawn based on original descriptions. The information gathered shows that <jats:italic>Ortholinea<\/jats:italic> infect a wide taxonomic variety of freshwater and marine fish. Nonetheless, the broad host specificity reported for several species is not fully supported by morphological descriptions and requires molecular corroboration. The members of this genus are coelozoic and mainly parasitize the urinary system, with few species occurring in the gallbladder. <jats:italic>Ortholinea visakhapatnamensis<\/jats:italic> is the only exception, being histozoic in the visceral peritoneum. Molecular data of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) is available for about one third of <jats:italic>Ortholinea<\/jats:italic> species, with genetic interspecific variation ranging between 1.65% and 29.1%. Phylogenetic analyses reveal <jats:italic>Ortholinea<\/jats:italic> to be polyphyletic, with available SSU rDNA sequences clustering within the subclades of the highly heterogenous freshwater urinary clade of the oligochaete-infecting lineage. The life cycles of two <jats:italic>Ortholinea<\/jats:italic> species have been clarified based on molecular inferences and identify triactinomyxon actinospores as counterparts, and marine oligochaetes of the family Naididae as permissive hosts to this genus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11230-024-10155-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T08:02:16Z","timestamp":1714723336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Synopsis of the species of Ortholinea Shulman, 1962 (Cnidaria: Myxosporea: Ortholineidae)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"101","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8503-7763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Rangel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6230-6142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6655-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10155_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02821","volume":"113","author":"A-AS Abdel-Baki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdel-Baki, A.-A. 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