{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:21:54Z","timestamp":1774462914058,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005765","name":"Universidade de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Topoi"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11245-026-10385-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T16:30:14Z","timestamp":1774456214000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arguments from Comparisons"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0712-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Macagno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"10385_CR1","volume-title":"Dialectica","author":"P Abaelardus","year":"1970","unstructured":"Abaelardus P (1970) Dialectica. Van Gorcum, Assen, Netherlands"},{"key":"10385_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110942569.1","volume-title":"De inventione dialectica libri tres","author":"R Agricola","year":"1992","unstructured":"Agricola R (1992) De Inventione Dialectica Libri Tres. Niemeyer, Tubingen, Germany"},{"key":"10385_CR3","volume-title":"The complete works of Aristotle","author":"Aristotle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aristotle (1991a) Topics. In: Barnes J (ed) The complete works of Aristotle, vol I. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ"},{"key":"10385_CR4","volume-title":"The complete works of Aristotle","author":"Aristotle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aristotle (1991b) Rhetoric. In: Barnes J (ed) The complete works of Aristotle, vol II. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ"},{"key":"10385_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501741326","volume-title":"Models and metaphors: studies in language and philosophy","author":"M Black","year":"1962","unstructured":"Black M (1962) Models and metaphors: studies in language and philosophy. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, IL"},{"key":"10385_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501738449","volume-title":"Boethius\u2019s \u201cDe topicis differentiis.\u201d","author":"AMS Boethius","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boethius AMS (2004a) Boethius\u2019s \u201cDe Topicis Differentiis.\u201d Cornell University Press, Ithaca, IL and London, UK"},{"key":"10385_CR8","volume-title":"Boethius\u2019s In Ciceronis Topica","author":"AMS Boethius","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boethius AMS (2004b) Boethius\u2019s In Ciceronis Topica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca"},{"key":"10385_CR9","volume-title":"Summulae de Dialectica: An annotated translation, with a philosophical introduction by Gyula Klima","author":"J Buridanus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buridanus J (2001) Summulae de Dialectica: An annotated translation, with a philosophical introduction by Gyula Klima. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT & London, UK"},{"key":"10385_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Canale D, Tuzet G (2018) Analogical reasoning and extensive interpretation. In: Kaptein H, van der Velden B (eds) Analogy and exemplary reasoning in legal discourse. University of Amsterdam Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp 65\u201386","DOI":"10.1515\/9789048537143-005"},{"key":"10385_CR11","volume-title":"Topica","author":"MT Cicero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cicero MT (2003) Topica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK"},{"key":"10385_CR12","volume-title":"De Oratore","author":"MT Cicero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cicero MT (2014) De Oratore. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA"},{"key":"10385_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2230.12252","volume":"80","author":"LD D\u2019Almeida","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Almeida LD (2017) Arguing a fortiori. Mod Law Rev 80:202\u2013237","journal-title":"Mod Law Rev"},{"key":"10385_CR14","volume-title":"La Preuve et le Dire","author":"O Ducrot","year":"1973","unstructured":"Ducrot O (1973) La preuve et le dire. Mame, Paris, France"},{"key":"10385_CR15","volume-title":"Les \u00e9chelles argumentatives","author":"O Ducrot","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ducrot O (1980a) Les \u00e9chelles argumentatives. Minuit, Paris, France, France"},{"key":"10385_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3406\/comm.1980.1481","volume":"32","author":"O Ducrot","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ducrot O (1980b) Analyses pragmatiques. Commun 32:11\u201360","journal-title":"Commun"},{"key":"10385_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.14640\/NoctuaIX6","volume":"9","author":"M Giangrande","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giangrande M (2022) The evolution of the notion of comparatio in the dialectical works of Valla, Agricola, and Vives. Noctua 9:159\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14640\/NoctuaIX6","journal-title":"Noctua"},{"key":"10385_CR18","volume-title":"Interpretare e argomentare","author":"R Guastini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guastini R (2011) Interpretare e argomentare. Giuffr\u00e8, Milano, Italy"},{"key":"10385_CR19","unstructured":"Hirschberg JB (1985) A theory of scalar implicature. University of Pennsylvania"},{"key":"10385_CR20","unstructured":"Horn L (1972) On the semantic properties of logical operators in english. University of California"},{"key":"10385_CR21","unstructured":"Kienpointner M (1992) How to classify arguments. In: Eemeren F, Grootendorst R, Blair A, Willard C (eds) Argumentation illuminated. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp 178\u2013188"},{"key":"10385_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(96)00035-5","volume":"27","author":"M Kienpointner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kienpointner M, Kindt W (1997) On the problem of bias in political argumentation: an investigation into discussions about political asylum in Germany and Austria. J Pragmat 27:555\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-2166(96)00035-5","journal-title":"J Pragmat"},{"key":"10385_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macagno F (2013) Strategies of character attack. Argumentation 27:369\u2013401 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10503-013-9291-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10503-013-9291-1"},{"key":"10385_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno F (2014) Analogy and redefinition. In: Ribeiro H (ed) Systematic approaches to agument by analogy. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland pp 73\u201389","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-06334-8_5"},{"key":"10385_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macagno F (2017) The logical and pragmatic structure of arguments from analogy. Log Anal 240:465\u2013490 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/LEA.240.0.3254093","DOI":"10.2143\/LEA.240.0.3254093"},{"key":"10385_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macagno F (2018) Assessing relevance. Lingua 210\u2013211:42\u201364 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lingua.2018.04.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2018.04.007"},{"key":"10385_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macagno F, Walton D (2011) Reasoning from paradigms and negative evidence. Pragmat Cogn 19:92\u2013116 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/pc.19.1.04mac","DOI":"10.1075\/pc.19.1.04mac"},{"key":"10385_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Macagno F, Walton D (2014) Emotive language in argumentation. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139565776"},{"key":"10385_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macagno F, Walton D, Tindale C (2014) Analogical reasoning and semantic rules of inference. Rev Int Philos 270:419\u2013432 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/rip.270.0419","DOI":"10.3917\/rip.270.0419"},{"key":"10385_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macagno F, Walton D, Tindale C (2017) Analogical arguments: Inferential structures and defeasibility conditions. Argumentation 31:221\u2013243 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10503-016-9406-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10503-016-9406-6"},{"key":"10385_CR23","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Formal approaches and natural languages in the middle ages","author":"J MacFarlane","year":"2015","unstructured":"MacFarlane J (2015) Abelard\u2019s argument for formality. In: Cesalli L, De Libera A, Goubier F (eds) Formal approaches and natural languages in the middle ages. Brepols, Turnhout, Belgium, pp 41\u201357"},{"key":"10385_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin C (2004) Logic. In: Brower J, Guilfoy K (eds) The Cambridge Companion to Abelard. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 158\u2013199","DOI":"10.1017\/CCOL0521772478.006"},{"key":"10385_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s10503-024-09647-8","volume":"39","author":"I Martinjak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martinjak I, Pru\u015b J (2025) A refined concept of A fortiori arguments for argumentation theory. Argumentation 39:103\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10503-024-09647-8","journal-title":"Argumentation"},{"key":"10385_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1086\/290789","volume":"61","author":"C Perelman","year":"1951","unstructured":"Perelman C, Olbrechts-Tyteca L (1951) Act and person in argument. Ethics 61:251\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/290789","journal-title":"Ethics"},{"key":"10385_CR27","volume-title":"The New Rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation","author":"C Perelman","year":"1969","unstructured":"Perelman C, Olbrechts-Tyteca L (1969) The New Rhetoric: A treatise on argumentation. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN"},{"key":"10385_CR28","volume-title":"Peter of spain: Language in dispute. An english translation of Peter of spain\u2019s tractatus called afterwards summulae Logicales, based on the critical edition by LM de Rijk","author":"H Petrus","year":"1990","unstructured":"Petrus H (1990) Peter of Spain: Language in dispute. An english translation of Peter of spain\u2019s tractatus called afterwards Summulae Logicales, based on the critical edition by LM de Rijk. John Benjamins Publishing, Amsterdam, Netherlands"},{"key":"10385_CR29","volume-title":"Institutio Oratoria","author":"MF Quintilianus","year":"1980","unstructured":"Quintilianus MF (1980) Institutio Oratoria. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA"},{"key":"10385_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3233\/AAC-170020","volume":"8","author":"O Razuvayevskaya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Razuvayevskaya O, Teufel S (2017) Finding enthymemes in real-world texts: a feasibility study. Argument Comput 8:113\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/AAC-170020","journal-title":"Argument Comput"},{"key":"10385_CR31","volume-title":"A Fortiori Logic: innovations, history and assessments","author":"A Sion","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sion A (2014) A Fortiori Logic: innovations, history and assessments. CreateSpace, Charleston, SC"},{"key":"10385_CR32","volume-title":"L\u2019interpretazione della legge","author":"G Tarello","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tarello G (1980) L\u2019interpretazione della legge. Giuffr\u00e8, Milano, Italy"},{"key":"10385_CR33","unstructured":"van Eemeren F, Garssen B (2020) The pragma-dialectical view of comparison argumentation. In: Dutilh Novaes C, Jansen H, Van Laar JA, Verheij B (eds) Reason to Dissent: Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Argumentation. College Publications, London, UK, pp 261\u2013274"},{"key":"10385_CR34","volume-title":"Argumentation, communication, and fallacies: A pragma-dialectical perspective","author":"F van Eemeren","year":"1992","unstructured":"van Eemeren F, Grootendorst R (1992) Argumentation, communication, and fallacies: A pragma-dialectical perspective. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ"},{"key":"10385_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198239253.001.0001","volume-title":"Slippery Slope Arguments","author":"D Walton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Walton D (1992) Slippery Slope Arguments. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK"},{"key":"10385_CR36","first-page":"1305","volume":"4","author":"D Walton","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walton D (2003) Defining conditional relevance using linked arguments and argumentation schemes: a commentary on professor Callen\u2019s article, rationality and relevancy: conditional relevancy and constrained resources. Mich State Law Rev 4:1305\u20131314","journal-title":"Mich State Law Rev"},{"key":"10385_CR37","volume-title":"Relevance in argumentation","author":"D Walton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walton D (2004) Relevance in argumentation. Routledge, Amsterdam, Netherlands-Philadelphia, PA"},{"key":"10385_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316340554","volume-title":"Goal-based reasoning for argumentation","author":"D Walton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walton D (2015) Goal-based reasoning for argumentation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK"},{"key":"10385_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Walton D, Macagno F (2010) Defeasible classifications and inferences from definitions. Informal Log 30:34\u201361 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22329\/il.v30i1.692","DOI":"10.22329\/il.v30i1.692"},{"key":"10385_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walton D, Macagno F, Sartor G (2021) Statutory interpretation: Pragmatics and argumentation. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108554572"},{"key":"10385_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511802034","volume-title":"Argumentation schemes","author":"D Walton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walton D, Reed C, Macagno F (2008) Argumentation schemes. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY"}],"container-title":["Topoi"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11245-026-10385-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11245-026-10385-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11245-026-10385-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T16:30:19Z","timestamp":1774456219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11245-026-10385-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11245-026-10385-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-7411","1572-8749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-7411","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None\n                      .","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}