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Cattle, sheep and goats are considered the main reservoirs of the disease. Transmission to humans occurs mainly through the inhalation of infectious aerosols from milk, faeces, urine, and birth products from infected ruminants. In this study, a 2-year longitudinal approach was performed to ascertain the excretion of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> in bulk tank milk samples of sheep from a mountain plateau in central Portugal, with sampling conducted during the years 2015 and 2016. From a total of 156 bulk tank milk samples tested by qPCR, only one showed to be positive for <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> (1.28% [95%CI: 0.03\u20136.94]), from 2015, the first year of collection. Bidirectional sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of <jats:italic>IS1111<\/jats:italic> transposase partial region confirmed the presence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> DNA. The presence of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> in raw milk samples highlights the necessity for additional research to determine if raw milk is a potential source for human infection. Animal health surveillance and prevention measures against this zoonotic disease should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-024-10389-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T04:01:51Z","timestamp":1713931311000},"page":"2713-2719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular evidence of sporadic Coxiella burnetii excretion in sheep milk, central Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Humberto","family":"Pires","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Santos-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia V.S.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Mega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Vala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia F.","family":"Barradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"10389_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-80","volume":"55","author":"JF Agger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agger JF, Paul S, Christoffersen A-B, Agerholm JS (2013) Risk factors for Coxiella burnetii antibodies in bulk tank milk from Danish dairy herds. 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