{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:12:01Z","timestamp":1773789121258,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2588,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Voluntas"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scientific literature and facts have highlighted the perpetuation of gender inequality in the labour market in spite of the ongoing endeavours of political bodies and legal norms to eliminate the vertical and horizontal segregation of women. Portuguese Social Economy Act stresses \u201cthe respect for the values [\u2026] of equality and non-discrimination [\u2026], justice and equity [\u2026]\u201d. In this paper, we offer a reflection on indicators that uncover vertical and horizontal segregation in the labour market. Based on a mixed methodological approach, we found very high rates of employment feminization in social economy organizations. Women are mainly allocated to technical and operational activities, being ultimately underrepresented in statutory boards and as such excluded from deliberation and strategic decision. The sector is moving away from the ideals of justice and social equity and may preserve women\u2019s \u201cnon-place\u201d in the definition of the public and strategic direction and in the most invisible\/private organizational \u201cplaces\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11266-017-9942-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,12]],"date-time":"2018-01-12T10:56:26Z","timestamp":1515754586000},"page":"1274-1282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The \u201cPlaces and Non-places\u201d Held by Women in Social Economy Organizations"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7500-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Parente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Lu\u00edsa","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez, E., & Parini, L. (2005). Engagement politique et genre: la part du sexe. Nouvelles questions f\u00e9ministes. Revue internationale francophone, Vol. 24, N\u00ba3\/2005.","DOI":"10.3917\/nqf.243.0106"},{"key":"9942_CR2","unstructured":"Aug\u00e9, M. (1992). N\u00e3o-lugares: introdu\u00e7\u00e3o a uma antropologia da supermodernidade. Graus Editora."},{"key":"9942_CR3","unstructured":"Azevedo, C., Franco, R. C., & Menezes, J. W. (Coord.) (2010). Gest\u00e3o de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es sem fins lucrativos. Porto. Imoedi\u00e7\u00f5es - Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Peri\u00f3dicas e Multim\u00e9dia, Lda."},{"key":"9942_CR4","unstructured":"Carmo, I., & Am\u00e2ncio, L. (2004). Desamaldi\u00e7oar o feminismo. A prop\u00f3sito de Vozes Insubmissas. A hist\u00f3ria das mulheres e dos homens que lutaram pela igualdade dos sexos quando era crime faz\u00ea-lo. Lisboa: D. Quixote."},{"key":"9942_CR5","first-page":"71","volume":"38","author":"SF Casaca","year":"2009","unstructured":"Casaca, S. F. (2009). Reflex\u00f5es em torno de um novo contrato de g\u00e9nero e de uma sociedade mais inclusiva. Sociedade e Trabalho, 38, 71\u201387.","journal-title":"Sociedade e Trabalho"},{"key":"9942_CR7","unstructured":"Comiss\u00e3o para a Igualdade no Trabalho e no Emprego. (2014). Relat\u00f3rio sobre o Progresso da Igualdade entre Mulheres e Homens no Trabalho, no Emprego e na Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Profissional. http:\/\/cite.gov.pt\/asstscite\/downloads\/Relat_Lei10_2013.pdf . Accessed 5 Jan 2018."},{"key":"9942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, P. N., & Huffman, M. L. (2007). Working for the Woman? Female managers and the gender wage gap. American Sociological Review, 72, 681\u2013704. http:\/\/www.terpconnect.umd.edu\/~pnc\/ASR07.pdf .","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240707200502"},{"key":"9942_CR9","volume-title":"Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed approaches","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications."},{"key":"9942_CR10","unstructured":"Defourny, J. (1998). Insertion et nouvelle economiesociale: Un bilan international. Desclee de Brouwer."},{"key":"9942_CR11","volume-title":"Internal labor markets and manpower analysis","author":"P Doeringer","year":"1971","unstructured":"Doeringer, P., & Piore, M. (1971). Internal labor markets and manpower analysis. Lexington, MA: Heath."},{"key":"9942_CR12","unstructured":"European Commission. (1998). One hundred words for equality: A glossary of terms on equality between women and men. Luxembourg. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. http:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/resources\/One%20hundred%20words%20for%20equality.en.pdf . Accessed 5 Jan 2018."},{"key":"9942_CR13","unstructured":"European Council. (2015). Review of the implementation of the Beijing platform for action in the EU member states: Gender equality in power and decision-making. http:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/pt\/press\/press-releases\/2015\/12\/07-epsco-council-conclusions-on-equality-women-men-decision-making\/ . Accessed 5 Jan 2018."},{"key":"9942_CR16","unstructured":"Ferreira, S. (2000). As organiza\u00e7\u00f5es do terceiro sector na reforma da Seguran\u00e7a Social. Actas do IV Congresso Portugu\u00eas de Sociologia."},{"key":"9942_CR17","unstructured":"Franco, R. (Coord.) (2015). Diagn\u00f3stico das ONG em Portugal. Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa."},{"key":"9942_CR18","unstructured":"Gabinete de Estrat\u00e9gia e Estudos do Minist\u00e9rio da Economia. (2014). Quadros de Pessoal (2013). www.gee.gov.pt\/?cfl=33605 ."},{"key":"9942_CR19","unstructured":"Hersente, M., & Gu\u00e9rin, I. (2014). Une approcheinternationaledesinitiatives de femmesdans l\u2019ESS. Revista de economia solid\u00e1ria (pp. 45\u201363)."},{"key":"9942_CR20","unstructured":"Hillenkamp, I., Gu\u00e9rin, I., & Verschuur, C. (2015). \u00c9conomiesolidaireetth\u00e9oriesf\u00e9ministes: pistes pour une convergence n\u00e9cessaire, Review of Solidarity, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Centro de Estudos de Economia Solid\u00e1ria do Atl\u00e2ntico Economy, N\u00ba 7 October 2014, pp. 4\u201343."},{"key":"9942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181b6ba00","volume":"84","author":"C Isaac","year":"2009","unstructured":"Isaac, C., Lee, B., & Carnes, M. (2009). Interventions that affect gender bias in hiring: A systematic review. Academic Medicine, 84, 1440\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0b013e3181b6ba00 .","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"key":"9942_CR23","unstructured":"Marques, A. P. (2000). Repensar o mercado de trabalho: emprego vs desemprego. Sociologia e Cultura 1. Cadernos do Noroeste, S\u00e9rie Sociologia, 13(1), 133\u2013155. https:\/\/repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt\/bitstream\/1822\/13548\/3\/Repensar%20o%20Mercado%20de%20Trabalho%20Emprego%20VS%20Desemprego.pdf ."},{"key":"9942_CR24","unstructured":"Martinho, A. L. (2011). Culturas organizacionais: pistas para a aplicabilidade do conceito \u00e0s organiza\u00e7\u00f5es do terceiro sector. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de Mestrado em Sociologia. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto."},{"key":"9942_CR25","unstructured":"Martinho, A. L. (2016). Igualdad de g\u00e9nero en el contexto empresarial portugu\u00e9s y la aplicaci\u00f3n de los planes de igualdad. In S. R. Escanciano, M\u00aa de los R. Marti\u00ednez Barroso (Dir.), & H. \u00c1lvarezCuesta (Coord.) Propuestas para la igualdad por raz\u00f3n de g\u00e9nero en los procesos de negociaci\u00f3ncolectiva. Thomson Reuters\/Aranzadi: Cizur Menor (Navarra)."},{"key":"9942_CR26","volume-title":"Estrutura e Din\u00e2mica das Organiza\u00e7\u00f5es","author":"H Mintzberg","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mintzberg, H. (1979). Estrutura e Din\u00e2mica das Organiza\u00e7\u00f5es. Alfragide: Publica\u00e7\u00f5es Dom Quixote."},{"issue":"2","key":"9942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.45.2.200","volume":"45","author":"A Morrison","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morrison, A., & Von Glinow, M. (1990). Women and minorities in management. American Psychologist, 45(2), 200\u2013208.","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"9942_CR28","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2011). Gender differences in employment outcomes. www.oecd.org\/els\/social\/family\/database ."},{"key":"9942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11266-011-9190-8","author":"C Parente","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parente, C. (2011). Qualified employment in the third sector in Portugal. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organisations. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11266-011-9190-8 .","journal-title":"Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organisations"},{"key":"9942_CR30","unstructured":"Parente, C., Lopes, A., & Marcos, V. (2012). Defining social entrepreneurship: lessons from Portuguese organisational dynamics. In 10th international conference ISTR: Democratisation, marketisation and the third sector. http:\/\/www.istr.org\/resource\/resmgr\/wp12\/parente_lopes__marcos(2012).pdf ."},{"key":"9942_CR31","unstructured":"Parente, C., & Quint\u00e3o, C. (2014). Uma abordagem ecl\u00e9ctica ao empreendedorismo social. In Parente, C. (Ed.), Empreendedorismo Social em Portugal. Porto: FLUP. http:\/\/web3.letras.up.pt\/empsco ."},{"key":"9942_CR32","unstructured":"Robert, V. (2007). L\u201dirr\u00e9sistible mont\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9conomie sociale, Paris, Ed. Autrement."},{"key":"9942_CR33","volume-title":"O sistema de emprego em Portugal. Crise e muta\u00e7\u00f5es","author":"M Rodrigues","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rodrigues, M. (1992). O sistema de emprego em Portugal. Crise e muta\u00e7\u00f5es. Lisboa: Publica\u00e7\u00f5es Dom Quixote."},{"key":"9942_CR34","unstructured":"Santos, B. de S. (org.) (2004). Produzir para viver. Porto. Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento."},{"key":"9942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1332\/204080511X560620","volume":"2","author":"S Teasdale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teasdale, S., Mckay, S., Phillimore, J., & Teasdale, N. (2011). Women\u2019s leadership, employment and participation in the third sector. Voluntary Sector Review, 2, 57\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1332\/204080511X560620 .","journal-title":"Voluntary Sector Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"9942_CR36","first-page":"50","volume":"24","author":"M Vuille","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vuille, M. (2005). Le militantismeenfaveur de l\u2019accouchement sans douleur. NouvellesQuestions F\u00e9ministes. Revueinternationalefrancophone. Les logiques patriarcalesdumilitantisme, 24(3), 50\u201367.","journal-title":"NouvellesQuestions F\u00e9ministes. Revueinternationalefrancophone. Les logiques patriarcalesdumilitantisme"}],"container-title":["Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11266-017-9942-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11266-017-9942-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11266-017-9942-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0957876518001754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T01:52:27Z","timestamp":1769737947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0957876518001754\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0957876518001754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11266-017-9942-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-8765","1573-7888"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-8765","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7888","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}