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The use of 34 culverts from two roads in southern Portugal, differing in traffic volume, vehicle speeds and configuration, was evaluated by the analysis of terrestrial vertebrate footprint data (408 passage\u2010operative days). Culvert crossings were related to various explanatory variables by means of canonical ordination techniques. We recorded 901 complete crossings, corresponding to an average of 2.2 crossings\/culvert\/operative day. Thirteen taxa were detected, all in more than one passage. Animal species included reptiles, small mammals, lagomorphs, carnivores and domestic dogs and cats. Our results suggest that fencing might have a funnelling effect, directing larger animals toward culverts. Also, vegetation covering culvert entrances seems to have a positive effect, particularly on genets; longer passages with entrances far from the pavement were, apparently, avoided by smaller animals; a lower number of crossings was detected on passages with detritus pits; the closest passages to urban areas are more often used by domestic species; forest\u2010living species favour passages with low, open land cover nearby; and smaller species, like lagomorphs and small mammals, appear to use more culverts near the pavement, which probably reflects the importance of road verges as refuges for these species. Although not used by all species present in the study area, constructing numerous passages of different sizes without detritus pits and which are distributed along roads might be an important step in mitigating road fragmentation effects on animal populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11284-006-0004-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T03:40:22Z","timestamp":1153366822000},"page":"57-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Factors affecting culvert use by vertebrates along two stretches of road in southern Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Ascens\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Biologia da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o, Departamento de Biologia Universidade de \u00c9vora N\u00facleo da Mitra, Apartado 94 \u00c9vora 7002\u2010554 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Mira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de 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