{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T03:54:55Z","timestamp":1768276495284,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-13510-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T22:45:40Z","timestamp":1617230740000},"page":"41821-41833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Carbon emission effect of renewable energy utilization, fiscal development, and foreign direct investment in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Daberech\u0131 Ch\u0131kez\u0131e","family":"Ekwueme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua Dzankar","family":"Zoaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew Adewale","family":"Alola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"13510_CR1","first-page":"841","volume":"5","author":"ISZ Abidin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abidin ISZ, Haseeb M, Azam M, Islam R (2015) Foreign direct investment, financial development, international trade, and energy consumption: panel data evidence from selected ASEAN Countries. Int J Energy Econ Policy 5(3):841\u2013850","journal-title":"Int J Energy Econ Policy"},{"key":"13510_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.121714","volume":"266","author":"F Ahmad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahmad F, Draz MU, Ozturk I, Su L, Rauf A (2020) Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: the nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China. J Clean Prod 266:121714","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"13510_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/17583004.2019.1577180","volume":"10","author":"AA Alola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alola AA (2019a) Carbon emissions and the trilemma of trade policy, migration policy and health care in the US. Carbon Manag 10(2):209\u2013218","journal-title":"Carbon Manag"},{"key":"13510_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.212","volume":"658","author":"AA Alola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alola AA (2019b) The trilemma of trade, monetary and immigration policies in the United States: accounting for environmental sustainability. Sci Total Environ 658:260\u2013267","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"8","key":"13510_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1177\/0958305X18779577","volume":"29","author":"AA Alola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alola AA, Alola UV (2018) Agricultural land usage and tourism impact on renewable energy consumption among Coastline Mediterranean Countries. Energy Environ 29(8):1438\u20131454","journal-title":"Energy Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-015-1865-9","volume":"79","author":"U Al-Mulali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Mulali U, Ozturk I, Lean HH (2015) The influence of economic growth, urbanization, trade openness, financial development, and renewable energy on pollution in Europe. Nat Hazards 79(1):621\u2013644","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"3","key":"13510_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2007.10.002","volume":"55","author":"M Auffhammer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Auffhammer M, Carson RT (2008) Forecasting the path of China\u2019s CO2 emissions using province-level information. J Environ Econ Manag 55(3):229\u2013247","journal-title":"J Environ Econ Manag"},{"issue":"7","key":"13510_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6376","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-5817-4","volume":"23","author":"M Azam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Azam M, Khan AQ, Abdullah HB, Qureshi ME (2016) The impact of CO 2 emissions on economic growth: evidence from selected higher CO 2 emissions economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(7):6376\u20136389","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2615","volume":"30","author":"MA Baloch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baloch MA, Ozturk I, Bekun FV, Khan D (2021) Modeling the dynamic linkage between financial development, energy innovation, and environmental quality: does globalization matter? Bus Strateg Environ 30(1):176\u2013184","journal-title":"Bus Strateg Environ"},{"issue":"7","key":"13510_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3121-3","volume":"22","author":"D Balsalobre","year":"2015","unstructured":"Balsalobre D, \u00c1lvarez A, Cantos JM (2015) Public budgets for energy RD&D and the effects on energy intensity and pollution levels. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(7):4881\u20134892","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"13510_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/ei\/cbg024","volume":"41","author":"P Basu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basu P, Chakraborty C, Reagle D (2003) Liberalization, FDI, and growth in developing countries: a panel cointegration approach. Econ Inq 41(3):510\u2013516","journal-title":"Econ Inq"},{"key":"13510_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.12.104","volume":"657","author":"FV Bekun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bekun FV, Alola AA, Sarkodie SA (2019) Toward a sustainable environment: Nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and non-renewable energy in 16-EU countries. Sci Total Environ 657:1023\u20131029","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"13510_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecosys.2013.09.002","volume":"38","author":"M Belloumi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Belloumi M (2014) The relationship between trade, FDI and economic growth in Tunisia: an application of the autoregressive distributed lag model. Econ Syst 38(2):269\u2013287","journal-title":"Econ Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"13510_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2011.07.014","volume":"34","author":"H Bloch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bloch H, Rafiq S, Salim R (2012) Coal consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth in China: empirical evidence and policy responses. Energy Econ 34(2):518\u2013528","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.5267\/j.msl.2019.7.037","volume":"10","author":"I Bora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bora I, Kirikkaleli D, Zoaka J, Bekun F, Ekwueme D (2020) Investigating monetary policy dynamics in Nigeria: the role of private investment. Manag Sci Lett 10(1):247\u2013254","journal-title":"Manag Sci Lett"},{"key":"13510_CR16","unstructured":"Carkovic M., & Levine R (2005) Does foreign direct investment accelerate economic growth?. Does foreign direct investment promote development, 195."},{"key":"13510_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.02.119","volume":"142","author":"X Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen X, Shao S, Tian Z, Xie Z, Yin P (2017) Impacts of air pollution and its spatial spillover effect on public health based on China\u2019s big data sample. J Clean Prod 142:915\u2013925","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"13510_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.10.081","volume":"66","author":"WN Cowan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cowan WN, Chang T, Inglesi-Lotz R, Gupta R (2014) The nexus of electricity consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. Energy Policy 66:359\u2013368","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"13510_CR19","unstructured":"Diallo A, & Masih M (2017) CO2 emissions and financial development: evidence from the United Arab Emirates-based on an ARDL approach. MPRA."},{"key":"13510_CR20","first-page":"1057","volume-title":"Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root","author":"DA Dickey","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dickey DA, Fuller WA (1981) Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the Econometric Society, Econometrica, pp 1057\u20131072"},{"key":"13510_CR21","unstructured":"Ekwueme DC (2018) Assessing the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Nigeria from 1979 to 2016. 4th International Students Social Sciences Congress Proceedings I, November 2018 249-267. https:\/\/www.ilem.org.tr\/mediaf\/uok4_kitap_1._cilt_WEB.pdf"},{"issue":"11","key":"13510_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07821-5","volume":"27","author":"DC Ekwueme","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ekwueme DC, Zoaka JD (2020) Effusions of carbon dioxide in MENA countries: inference of financial development, trade receptivity, and energy utilization. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(11):12449\u201312460","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"13510_CR23","unstructured":"Enerdata (2019) Global energy statistical yearbook-2019 edition. https:\/\/www.enerdata.net\/about-us\/company-news\/energy-statistical-yearbookupdated.html. Accessed 20 Sept 2020"},{"key":"13510_CR24","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing","author":"RF Engle","year":"1987","unstructured":"Engle RF, Granger CW (1987) Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Journal of the Econometric Society, Econometrica, pp 251\u2013276"},{"issue":"20","key":"13510_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15663","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-015-4767-1","volume":"22","author":"S Farhani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farhani S, Ozturk I (2015) Causal relationship between CO 2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption, financial development, trade openness, and urbanization in Tunisia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(20):15663\u201315676","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"13510_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(88)90045-0","volume":"39","author":"CW Granger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Granger CW (1988) Some recent development in a concept of causality. J Econ 39(1-2):199\u2013211","journal-title":"J Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9701.2006.00756.x","volume":"29","author":"H Hansen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hansen H, Rand J (2006) On the causal links between FDI and growth in developing countries. World Econ 29(1):21\u201341","journal-title":"World Econ"},{"issue":"5","key":"13510_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2007.11.005","volume":"25","author":"D Herzer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herzer D, Klasen S (2008) In search of FDI-led growth in developing countries: the way forward. Econ Model 25(5):793\u2013810","journal-title":"Econ Model"},{"issue":"6","key":"13510_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asieco.2006.09.011","volume":"17","author":"FS Hsiao","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hsiao FS, Hsiao MCW (2006) FDI, exports, and GDP in East and Southeast Asia\u2014 panel data versus time-series causality analyses. J Asian Econ 17(6):1082\u20131106","journal-title":"J Asian Econ"},{"key":"13510_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.07.021","volume":"198","author":"L Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang L, Zhao X (2018) Impact of financial development on trade-embodied carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from 30 provinces in China. J Clean Prod 198:721\u2013736","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"13510_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2015.08.009","volume":"51","author":"S Iamsiraroj","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iamsiraroj S, Uluba\u015fo\u011flu MA (2015) Foreign direct investment and economic growth: a real relationship or wishful thinking? Econ Model 51:200\u2013213","journal-title":"Econ Model"},{"key":"13510_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137813","volume":"721","author":"GN Ike","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ike GN, Usman O, Alola AA, Sarkodie SA (2020) Environmental quality effects of income, energy prices and trade: the role of renewable energy consumption in G-7 countries. Sci Total Environ 721:137813","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"13510_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2010.10.003","volume":"33","author":"A Jalil","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jalil A, Feridun M (2011) The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: a cointegration analysis. Energy Econ 33(2):284\u2013291","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"13510_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji X, Umar M, Ali S, Ali W, Tang K, & Khan Z (2020) Does fiscal decentralization and eco-innovation promote a sustainable environment? A case study of selected fiscally decentralized countries. Sustainable Development.","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.2132"},{"key":"13510_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jian J, Fan X, He P, Xiong H,\u00a0 Shen H (2019) The effects of energy consumption, economic growth and financial development on CO2 emissions in China: A VECM approach. Sustainability 11(18):4850","DOI":"10.3390\/su11184850"},{"issue":"7","key":"13510_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7244","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07387-x","volume":"27","author":"MA Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan MA, Ozturk I (2020) Examining foreign direct investment and environmental pollution linkage in Asia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(7):7244\u20137255","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"13510_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2020.105060","volume":"94","author":"Z Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan Z, Ali S, Dong K, Li RYM (2021) How does fiscal decentralization affect CO2 emissions? The roles of institutions and human capital. Energy Econ 94:105060","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"issue":"10","key":"13510_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2010.05.047","volume":"38","author":"SW Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim SW, Lee K, Nam K (2010) The relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth: the case of Korea with nonlinear evidence. Energy Policy 38(10):5938\u20135946","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"13510_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirikkaleli D, Adebayo TS (2020) Do renewable energy consumption and financial development matter for environmental sustainability? New global evidence. Sustain Dev","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.2159"},{"key":"13510_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirikkaleli D, Adebayo TS, Khan Z, Ali S (2020) Does globalization matter for an ecological footprint in Turkey? Evidence from dual adjustment approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res:1\u20139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11654-7"},{"key":"13510_CR41","volume-title":"356, Cape Town","author":"M Kohler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kohler M (2013) CO2 Emissions, energy consumption, income, and foreign trade: a South African perspective, ERSA working paper no. In: 356, Cape Town. Africa, Economic Research South Africa (ERSA), South"},{"key":"13510_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inteco.2017.12.004","volume":"155","author":"EL La Rovere","year":"2018","unstructured":"La Rovere EL, Grottera C, Wills W (2018) Overcoming the financial barrier to a low emission development strategy in Brazil. Int Econ 155:61\u201368","journal-title":"Int Econ"},{"key":"13510_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.12.039","volume":"55","author":"JW Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee JW (2013) The contribution of foreign direct investment to clean energy use, carbon emissions, and economic growth. Energy Policy 55:483\u2013489","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"13510_CR44","first-page":"391","volume":"4","author":"NC Leit\u00e3o","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leit\u00e3o NC (2014) Economic growth, carbon dioxide emissions, renewable energy, and globalization. Int J Energy Econ Policy 4(3):391\u2013399","journal-title":"Int J Energy Econ Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR45","first-page":"138","volume":"5","author":"NC Leit\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leit\u00e3o NC (2015) Energy consumption and foreign direct investment: a panel data analysis for Portugal. Int J Energy Econ Policy 5(1):138\u2013147","journal-title":"Int J Energy Econ Policy"},{"key":"13510_CR46","unstructured":"Liu G (2006) A causality analysis on GDP and air emissions in Norway (No. 447). Discussion Papers."},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/su11010013","volume":"11","author":"H Mahmood","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahmood H, Furqan M, Bagais O (2019) Environmental accounting of financial development and foreign investment: spatial analyses of East Asia. Sustainability 11(1):13","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"3","key":"13510_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0002-9092.2004.00627.x","volume":"86","author":"SS Makki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Makki SS, Somwaru A (2004) Impact of foreign direct investment and trade on economic growth: evidence from developing countries. Am J Agric Econ 86(3):795\u2013801","journal-title":"Am J Agric Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"13510_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2010.08.002","volume":"32","author":"K Menyah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Menyah K, Wolde-Rufael Y (2010) Energy consumption, pollutant emissions, and economic growth in South Africa. Energy Econ 32(6):1374\u20131382","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0210255","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0210255","volume":"14","author":"SMA Mohammed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammed SMA, Guo P, Haq IU, Pan G, Khan A (2019) Do government expenditure and financial development impede environmental degradation in Venezuela? PLoS One 14(1):e0210255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0210255","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"13510_CR51","first-page":"1358","volume":"24","author":"M Nosheen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nosheen M (2013) Impact of foreign direct investment on gross domestic product. World Appl Sci J 24(10):1358\u20131361","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"key":"13510_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2013.09.003","volume":"40","author":"A Omri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Omri A (2013) CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth nexus in MENA countries: evidence from simultaneous equations models. Energy Econ 40:657\u2013664","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"13510_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2012.08.025","volume":"36","author":"I Ozturk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozturk I, Acaravci A (2013) The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness, and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Econ 36:262\u2013267","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"issue":"3","key":"13510_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/jae.616","volume":"16","author":"MH Pesaran","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pesaran MH, Shin Y, Smith RJ (2001) Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. J Appl Econ 16(3):289\u2013326","journal-title":"J Appl Econ"},{"key":"13510_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.236","volume":"187","author":"UK Pata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pata UK (2018) Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks. J Clean Prod 187:770\u2013779","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"13510_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raheem ID, Tiwari AK, Balsalobre-Lorente D (2020) The role of ICT and financial development in CO2 emissions and economic growth. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27(2):1912\u20131922","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06590-0"},{"key":"13510_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2012.08.065","volume":"51","author":"B Saboori","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saboori B, Sulaiman J, Mohd S (2012) Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve. Energy Policy 51:184\u2013191","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"13510_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2019.06.040","volume":"132","author":"S Saint Akadiri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saint Akadiri S, Alola AA, Akadiri AC, Alola UV (2019) Renewable energy consumption in EU-28 countries: policy toward pollution mitigation and economic sustainability. Energy Policy 132:803\u2013810","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"13510_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134653","volume":"708","author":"S Saint Akadiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saint Akadiri S, Alola AA, Olasehinde-Williams G, Etokakpan MU (2020) The role of electricity consumption, globalization and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions and its implications for environmental sustainability targets. Sci Total Environ 708:134653","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"13510_CR60","first-page":"262","volume":"36","author":"M Shahbaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shahbaz M, Hye QMA, Tiwari AK, Leitao NC (2013) Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade, and CO2 emissions, in Indonesia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 36:262\u2013267","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"key":"13510_CR61","first-page":"68","volume":"6","author":"HMA Siddique","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siddique HMA (2017) Impact of financial development and energy consumption on CO2 emissions: evidence from Pakistan. Bull Bus Econ 6:68\u201373","journal-title":"Bull Bus Econ"},{"key":"13510_CR62","unstructured":"Siddique HMA, Majeed MT, Ahmad HK (2020) The impact of urbanization and energy consumption on CO2 emissions in South Asia.\u00a0South Asian Stud 31(2):745\u2013757"},{"issue":"6","key":"13510_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apr.2016.06.003","volume":"7","author":"A Sinha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sinha A, Sen S (2016) Atmospheric consequences of trade and human development: a case of BRIC countries. Atmos Pollut Res 7(6):980\u2013989","journal-title":"Atmos Pollut Res"},{"key":"13510_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.01.282","volume":"217","author":"M Shahbaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahbaz M, Balsalobre-Lorente D, Sinha A (2019) Foreign direct Investment\u2013CO2 emissions nexus in Middle East and North African countries: importance of biomass energy consumption. J Clean Prod 217:603\u2013614","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2009.04.004","volume":"32","author":"A Tamazian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tamazian A, Bhaskara Rao B (2010) Do economic, financial, and institutional developments matter for environmental degradation? Evidence from transitional economies. Energy Econ 32(1):137\u2013145","journal-title":"Energy Econ"},{"key":"13510_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamazian A, Chousa JP, Vadlamannati KC (2009) Does higher economic and financial development lead to environmental degradation: evidence from BRIC countries. Energy Policy 37(1):246\u2013253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2008.08.025"},{"issue":"9","key":"13510_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2011.06.032","volume":"39","author":"SS Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang SS, Zhou DQ, Zhou P, Wang QW (2011) CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in China: a panel data analysis. Energy Policy 39(9):4870\u20134875","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"13510_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Zhou J, Schauer JJ, Yu W, Hu Y (2017) Seasonal and spatial differences in source contributions to PM2. 5 in Wuhan, China. Sci Total Environ 577:155\u2013165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.10.150"},{"key":"13510_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Li Z, Kirikkaleli D, Adebayo TS, Adeshola I, Akinsola GD (2021) Modeling CO 2 emissions in Malaysia: an application of Maki cointegration and wavelet coherence tests. Environ Sci Pollut Res:1\u201315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12430-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"13510_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1198\/073500102753410372","volume":"20","author":"E Zivot","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zivot E, Andrews DWK (2002) Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unit-root hypothesis. J Bus Econ Stat 20(1):25\u201344","journal-title":"J Bus Econ Stat"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13510-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13510-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13510-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T11:43:15Z","timestamp":1628595795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13510-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["13510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-13510-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0944-1344","1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0944-1344","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}