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This study evaluated the effects of environmental concentrations of CAF (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 300 \u03bcg. L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) on the behaviour of adult zebrafish (<jats:italic>Danio rerio<\/jats:italic>) after 7 days of exposure. The components of feeding, locomotion, boldness (new tank test), sociability (schooling test), and aggression (mirror test) were analysed. Growth rate and weight were investigated as complementary measures. CAF (0.5, 1.5, and 300 \u03bcg. L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) reduced exploratory behaviour in zebrafish, increased feeding latency time (1.5, and 300 \u03bcg. L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), and decreased growth rate and fish weight (300 \u03bcg. L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). CAF also induced aggressive behaviour (0.5, 1.5, and\u00a0300 \u03bcg. L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and decreased appetence to the shoal (sociability) (0.5, and 1.5 \u03bcg. L<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). This study showed that low doses of CAF can induce behavioural effects in zebrafish that may have significant long-term impacts on vital ecological functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-26799-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T07:04:22Z","timestamp":1681455862000},"page":"63776-63787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of environmental concentrations of caffeine on adult zebrafish behaviour: a short-term exposure scenario"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1220-1593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niedja","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Picolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Domingues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Perillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rolando A.R.","family":"Villacis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cesar Koppe","family":"Grisolia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"26799_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adeyinka A, Kondamudi NP (2021) Cholinergic crisis. 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