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Within this context, the present work aimed to understand the impact of an oil spill, proposing the use of sea urchin gonadal tissue as a biomarker for environmental contamination by trace metals in the species <jats:italic>Paracentrotus lividus.<\/jats:italic> Biometric analysis, quantification analyses of the elements Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, as well as histopathological evaluations were performed in gonads of <jats:italic>P. lividus<\/jats:italic> collected from an area affected by hydrocarbons, named as impacted shore (IS) and an area not affected, named reference shore (RS). The results showed that carapace diameter (DC), total wet weight (WW), and Cd concentrations in the gonads were significantly influenced by the interaction between the rocky shores of origin, the months of sampling, and by the sex of the individuals. Moreover, from July until September, the levels of Zn and Cd were significantly lower in male than in female gonads. In July (the month of the oil spill), the indexes of histopathological alterations (IHPA) of membrane dilation were significantly higher in individuals from the IS, compared to the individuals from the RS. In addition, there were significant correlations between biometric variables (wet weight, diameter of carapace, gonadal weight, and gonadosomatic index) and the elements Cd, Cu, Ni, and Mn concentrations. Lastly, a delay in the gametogenic cycle of the sea urchins from IS was also observed. Taken together, these findings suggest that direct exposure to trace metals induces histopathological lesions in <jats:italic>P. lividus<\/jats:italic>\u2019 gonads and affects its reproductive cycle.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28472-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]],"date-time":"2023-07-16T01:02:02Z","timestamp":1689469322000},"page":"89559-89580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Use of the gonadal tissue of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as a target for environmental contamination by trace metals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Monique S.","family":"Sarly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen A.","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina S.","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helenita C.","family":"Quadros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Pombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1970-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia C.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"28472_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(01)00297-1","volume":"44","author":"IY Ahn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ahn IY, Kim KW, Choi HJ (2002) A baseline study on metal concentrations in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Gastropoda: Patellidae) on King George Island: variations with sex and body parts. 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