{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:14:48Z","timestamp":1769879688197,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"48","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006752","name":"Universidade do Porto","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ Sci Pollut Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rise of nanofiltration technologies holds great promise for creating more effective and affordable techniques aiming to remove undesirable pollutants from wastewaters. Despite nanofiltration\u2019s promising potential in removing antineoplastic drugs from liquid matrices, the limited information on this topic makes it important to estimate the rejection rates for a larger number of compounds, particularly the emerging ones, in order to preview the nanofiltration performance. Aiming to have preliminary estimations of the rejection rates of antineoplastic drugs by nanofiltration, 54 antineoplastic drugs were studied in 5 nanofiltration membranes (Desal 5DK, Desal HL, Trisep TS-80, NF270, and NF50), using a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. While this methodology provides useful and reliable predictions of the rejections of compounds by nanofiltration, particularly for hydrophilic and neutral compounds, it is important to note that QSAR results should always be corroborated by experimental assays, as predictions were confirmed to have their limitations (especially for hydrophobic and charged compounds). Out of the 54 studied antineoplastic drugs, 29 were predicted to have a rejection that could go up to 100%, independent of the membrane used. Nonetheless, there were 2 antineoplastic drugs, fluorouracil and thiotepa, for which negligible removals were obtained (&lt;21%). This study\u2019s findings may contribute (i) to the selection of the most appropriate nanofiltration membranes for removing antineoplastic drugs from wastewaters and (ii) to assist in the design of effective treatment approaches for their removal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-29830-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T03:22:20Z","timestamp":1695093740000},"page":"106099-106111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Theoretical rejection of fifty-four antineoplastic drugs by different nanofiltration membranes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Teresa I.A.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arminda","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-0147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f3nica S.F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"29830_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2004.12.039","volume":"39","author":"C Causserand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Causserand C, Aimar P, Cravedi JP, Singlande E (2005) Dichloroaniline retention by nanofiltration membranes. Water Res 39(8):1594\u20131600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2004.12.039","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"29830_CR2","unstructured":"CDC (2017). Hazardous drugs exposures in healthcare \u2014 antineoplastic drugs. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/hazdrug\/antineoplastic.html. 01\/03\/2023."},{"key":"29830_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(02)00517-9","volume":"146","author":"S Chang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chang S, Waite T, Schaefer A, Fane AG (2002) Adsorption of trace steroid estrogens to hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes. Desalination 146:381\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0011-9164(02)00517-9","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"29830_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.05.016","volume":"224","author":"MB Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o MB, Torrejais J, Janssens R, Luis P, Van der Bruggen B, Dubey KK, Mandal MK, Bronze MR, Crespo JG, Pereira VJ (2019) Treatment of anticancer drugs in hospital and wastewater effluents using nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 224:273\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2019.05.016","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"29830_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122330","volume":"392","author":"MB Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o MB, Janssens R, Yadav A, Pandey S, Luis P, Van der Bruggen B, Dubey KK, Mandal MK, Crespo JG, Pereira VJ (2020) Predicted concentrations of anticancer drugs in the aquatic environment: what should we monitor and where should we treat? J Hazard Mater 392:122330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.122330","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"29830_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o MB, Bernardo J, Bento-Silva A, Ressurei\u00e7\u00e3o M, Bronze MR, Crespo JG, Pereira VJ (2022) Treatment of anticancer drugs in a real wastewater effluent using nanofiltration: a pilot scale study. Sep Purif Technol:120565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.120565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2022.120565"},{"key":"29830_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui Q, Lu S, Ni B, Zeng X, Tan Y, Chen YD, Zhao H (2020) Improved prediction of aqueous solubility of novel compounds by going deeper with deep learning. Front Oncol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2020.00121","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.00121"},{"key":"29830_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3990\/1.9789036532761","volume-title":"Thin film composite nanofiltration membranes for extreme conditions","author":"MR Dalwani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dalwani MR (2011) Thin film composite nanofiltration membranes for extreme conditions. University of Twente, Enschede. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3990\/1.9789036532761"},{"key":"29830_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2019.100888","volume":"23","author":"G Dom\u00e9nech","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dom\u00e9nech G, Natalia P-M, Finn and Gun\u2019ko, Yurii K. (2020) Recent progress and future prospects in development of advanced materials for nanofiltration. Mater Today Commun 23:100888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2019.100888","journal-title":"Mater Today Commun"},{"key":"29830_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139995","volume":"740","author":"TIA Gouveia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gouveia TIA, Silva AMT, Ribeiro AR, Alves A, Santos MSF (2020) Liquid-liquid extraction as a simple tool to quickly quantify fourteen cytostatics in urban wastewaters and access their impact in aquatic biota. Sci Total Environ 740:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139995","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"29830_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gouveia TIA, Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o MB, Pereira VJ, Crespo JG, Alves A, Ribeiro AR, Silva A, Santos MSF (2023) Antineoplastic drugs in urban wastewater: occurrence, nanofiltration treatment and toxicity screening. Environ Pollut:121944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2023.121944"},{"issue":"1","key":"29830_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-9164(98)00109-X","volume":"117","author":"G Hagmeyer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hagmeyer G, Gimbel R (1998) Modelling the salt rejection of nanofiltration membranes for ternary ion mixtures and for single salts at different pH values. Desalination 117(1):247\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0011-9164(98)00109-X","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"29830_CR13","unstructured":"IARC (1981) IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans: some antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agents. Lyon. https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/mono26.pdf. Accessed 12 Sept 2023"},{"key":"29830_CR14","unstructured":"IARC (2022). List of classifications. https:\/\/monographs.iarc.who.int\/list-of-classifications. 20\/01\/2023."},{"key":"29830_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ioele G, Chieffallo M, Occhiuzzi MA, De Luca M, Garofalo A, Ragno G, Grande F (2022) Anticancer drugs: recent strategies to improve stability profile, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Molecules 27(17). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27175436","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175436"},{"key":"29830_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2022.121234","volume":"669","author":"WA Jonkers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jonkers WA, Cornelissen ER, de Vos WM (2023) Hollow fiber nanofiltration: from lab-scale research to full-scale applications. J Membr Sci 669:121234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2022.121234","journal-title":"J Membr Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"29830_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2008.542","volume":"58","author":"C Kazner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kazner C, Lehnberg K, Kovalova L, Wintgens T, Melin T, Hollender J, Dott W (2008) Removal of endocrine disruptors and cytostatics from effluent by nanofiltration in combination with adsorption on powdered activated carbon. Water Sci Technol 58(8):1699\u20131706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2166\/wst.2008.542","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"key":"29830_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2021.04.045","volume":"150","author":"OFS Khasawneh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khasawneh OFS, Palaniandy P (2021) Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants. Process Saf Environ Prot 150:532\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psep.2021.04.045","journal-title":"Process Saf Environ Prot"},{"issue":"1","key":"29830_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(03)00248-5","volume":"221","author":"K Kimura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kimura K, Amy G, Drewes J, Watanabe Y (2003) Adsorption of hydrophobic compounds onto NF\/RO membranes: an artifact leading to overestimation of rejection. J Membr Sci 221(1):89\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0376-7388(03)00248-5","journal-title":"J Membr Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"29830_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.08.007","volume":"19","author":"MS Kinch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kinch MS (2014) An analysis of FDA-approved drugs for oncology. Drug Discov Today 19(12):1831\u20131835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2014.08.007","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"29830_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1021\/es034952r","volume":"38","author":"LD Nghiem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nghiem LD, Sch\u00e4fer AI, Elimelech M (2004) Removal of natural hormones by nanofiltration membranes: measurement, modeling, and mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 38(6):1888\u20131896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es034952r","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"29830_CR22","unstructured":"NPD, Nanotechnology Product Database (2023). Trisep TS-80. https:\/\/product.statnano.com\/product\/1697\/membrane. 02\/03\/2023."},{"key":"29830_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oliveira M, Leonardo IC, Silva AF, Crespo JG, Nunes M, Crespo MTB (2022) Nanofiltration as an efficient tertiary wastewater treatment: elimination of total bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes from the discharged effluent of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. Antibiotics (Basel) 11(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics11050630","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11050630"},{"key":"29830_CR24","unstructured":"OSHA (2012). Safe handling of cytostatics. https:\/\/osha.europa.eu\/pt\/themes\/dangerous-substances\/practical-tools-dangerous-substances\/safe-handling-cytostatics. 07\/04\/2022."},{"issue":"11","key":"29830_CR25","first-page":"561","volume":"56","author":"I Petrinic","year":"2007","unstructured":"Petrinic I, Pu\u0161i\u0107 T, Mijatovi\u0107 I, Simoncic B, \u0160ostar-Turk S (2007) Characterization of polymeric nanofiltration membranes. J Chem Cheml Eng 56(11):561\u2013567","journal-title":"J Chem Cheml Eng"},{"key":"29830_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.5004\/DWT.2021.26680","volume":"212","author":"A Ramdani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramdani A, Deratani A, Taleb S, Drouiche N, Lounici H (2021) Performance of NF90 and NF270 commercial nanofiltration membranes in the defluoridation of Algerian brackish water. Desalin Water Treat 212:286\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5004\/DWT.2021.26680","journal-title":"Desalin Water Treat"},{"key":"29830_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.265","volume":"655","author":"L Rizzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rizzo L, Malato S, Antakyali D, Beretsou VG, Dolic MB, Gernjak W, Heath E, Ivancev-Tumbas I, Karaolia P, Lado Ribeiro AR, Mascolo G, McArdell CS, Schaar H, Silva AMT, Fatta-Kassinos D (2019) Consolidated vs new advanced treatment methods for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern from urban wastewater. Sci Total Environ 655:986\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.265","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"29830_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suhalim NS, Kasim N, Mahmoudi E, Shamsudin IJ, Mohammad AW, Zuki FM, Jamari NL-A (2022) Rejection mechanism of ionic solute removal by nanofiltration membranes: an overview. Nanomaterials 12(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano12030437","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030437"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"29830_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12918-017-0464-7","volume":"11","author":"J Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun J, Wei Q, Zhou Y, Wang J, Liu Q, Xu H (2017) A systematic analysis of FDA-approved anticancer drugs. BMC Syst Biol 11(Suppl 5):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12918-017-0464-7","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"29830_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2008.05.010","volume":"63","author":"B Van der Bruggen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van der Bruggen B, M\u00e4ntt\u00e4ri M, Nystr\u00f6m M (2008) Drawbacks of applying nanofiltration and how to avoid them: a review. Sep Purif Technol 63(2):251\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seppur.2008.05.010","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"issue":"15","key":"29830_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.05.022","volume":"41","author":"ARD Verliefde","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verliefde ARD, Heijman SGJ, Cornelissen ER, Amy G, Van der Bruggen B, van Dijk JC (2007a) Influence of electrostatic interactions on the rejection with NF and assessment of the removal efficiency during NF\/GAC treatment of pharmaceutically active compounds in surface water. Water Res 41(15):3227\u20133240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2007.05.022","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"29830_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.01.051","volume":"146","author":"A Verliefde","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verliefde A, Cornelissen E, Amy G, Van der Bruggen B, van Dijk H (2007b) Priority organic micropollutants in water sources in Flanders and the Netherlands and assessment of removal possibilities with nanofiltration. Environ Pollut 146(1):281\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2006.01.051","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"1","key":"29830_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2008.12.039","volume":"330","author":"ARD Verliefde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verliefde ARD, Cornelissen ER, Heijman SGJ, Petrinic I, Luxbacher T, Amy GL, Van der Bruggen B, van Dijk JC (2009) Influence of membrane fouling by (pretreated) surface water on rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) by nanofiltration membranes. J Membr Sci 330(1):90\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2008.12.039","journal-title":"J Membr Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"29830_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.007","volume":"43","author":"L Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang L, Albasi C, Faucet-Marquis V, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Dorandeu C, Marion B, Causserand C (2009) Cyclophosphamide removal from water by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane. Water Res 43(17):4115\u20134122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.007","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"29830_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.054","volume":"44","author":"V Yangali-Quintanilla","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yangali-Quintanilla V, Sadmani A, McConville M, Kennedy M, Amy G (2010) A QSAR model for predicting rejection of emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors) by nanofiltration membranes. Water Res 44(2):373\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.054","journal-title":"Water Res"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science and Pollution Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-023-29830-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11356-023-29830-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11356-023-29830-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T11:19:30Z","timestamp":1710933570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11356-023-29830-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"48","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["29830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-023-29830-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1614-7499"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1614-7499","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research did not contain any studies involving animal or human participants, nor did it take place on any private or protected areas. No specific permission was required for this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}