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Together with other potentially dangerous compounds, electronic\u00a0waste contains the rare-earth element gadolinium (Gd), which has already been reported in aquatic systems. Additionally, the vulnerability of aquatic species to this element may also be modified when climate change related factors, like increase in temperature, are taken into consideration. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Gd under a scenario of increased temperature in <jats:italic>Mytilus galloprovincialis<\/jats:italic> mussels. A multi-biomarker approach and Gd bioaccumulation were assessed in mussels exposed for 28 days to 0 and 10 \u03bcg\/L of Gd at two temperatures (control \u2013 17 \u00b0C; increased \u2013 22 \u00b0C). Results confirmed that temperature had a strong influence on the bioaccumulation of Gd. Moreover, mussels exposed to Gd alone reduced their metabolism, possibly to prevent further accumulation, and despite catalase and glutathione <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>-transferases were activated, cellular damage seen as increased lipid peroxidation was not avoided. Under enhanced temperature, cellular damage in Gd-exposed mussels was even greater, as defense mechanisms were not activated, possibly due to heat stress. In fact, with increased temperature alone, organisms experienced a general metabolic depression, particularly evidenced in defense enzymes, similar to the results obtained under Gd-exposure. Overall, this study underlines the importance of conducting environmental risk assessment taking into consideration anticipated climate change scenarios and exposures to emerging contaminants at relevant environmental\u00a0concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-30439-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T07:02:22Z","timestamp":1698822142000},"page":"116120-116133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Gadolinium accumulation and its biochemical effects in Mytilus galloprovincialis under a scenario of global warming"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Madalena","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amadeu M. V. 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