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Urban centers and industrial areas present increased concentrations in the air (1344.4\u201312,300 versus 0.03\u20130.60\u00a0ng\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in industrial\/urban and rural zones) and soils (0.14\u20131.77\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> versus 2.00\u20139.04\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> versus 1.59\u20135.87\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0ng\/g in urban, forest, and rural soils), respectively. Increased concentrations were found in coastal zones and superficial waters as well as in sediments (7.00\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u20131.00\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u00a0ng\/g). Benzo(a)pyrene, a carcinogenic PAH, was found in all environmental media. Mosses, lichens, tree leaves, bivalves, cephalopods, terrestrials\u2019 snails, and honeybees are good biomonitors of biota contamination. More studies are needed to improve characterization of PAHs\u2019 levels, distribution, and bioaccumulation in the environmental media and assess the associated risks for biota and human health. Actions and strategies to mitigate and prevent the bioaccumulation of PAHs in the environment and trophic chains toward the WHO\u2019s One-Health Perspective to promote the health of all ecosystems and human life are urgently needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-34727-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T04:02:02Z","timestamp":1724904122000},"page":"54339-54362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Environmental contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and contribution from biomonitoring studies to the surveillance of global health"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Delerue-Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4150-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"34727_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.107197","volume":"121","author":"A Abas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abas A (2021) A systematic review on biomonitoring using lichen as the biological indicator: a decade of practices, progress and challenges. 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