{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:11:01Z","timestamp":1789017061364,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015326","name":"Common Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10 OD032217-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10 OD032217-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008501","name":"East Carolina University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPARC (Sponsored Activities"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPARC (Sponsored Activities"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008501","name":"East Carolina University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Catalyst Program) Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Catalyst Program) Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25PRE1353151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25PRE1353151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24POST1191193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24POST1191193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL152297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL152297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01HL153115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01HL153115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008501","name":"East Carolina University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008501","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["GeroScience"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-026-02489-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:05:38Z","timestamp":1789016738000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-intensity interval training in aged female mice preserves physical, cognitive, and cardiovascular function"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Drew","family":"Theobald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Tripp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodeji A.","family":"Olabiyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Silvers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashby","family":"Dickerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5167-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuan D.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0190-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisandra","family":"de Castro Braz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9937-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivas","family":"Sriramula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted G.","family":"Graber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2489_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd22.240539","volume":"22","author":"KB Watson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watson KB, Wiltz JL, Nhim K, Kaufmann RB, Thomas CW, Greenlund KJ. Trends in multiple chronic conditions among US adults, by life stage, behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2013-2023. Prev Chronic Dis. 2025;22:E15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5888\/pcd22.240539.","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"2489_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1680745","volume":"13","author":"X Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu X, Wang Z, Yang X, Ning Z. About half of older adults have two or more chronic conditions at the same time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1680745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1680745.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2489_CR3","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing 2019: highlights [Internet]. United Nations; 2019 [cited 2026 Apr 22]. Available from: https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/3846855?v=pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-25498-8","volume":"25","author":"W Mekniran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mekniran W, Giger OF, Fleisch E, Kowatsch T, Jovanova M. The longevity landscape: mapping stakeholder priorities for healthy aging among high-income countries. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):4267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-25498-8.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2489_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2024.1356954","volume":"5","author":"ML Pajski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pajski ML, Byrd C, Nandigama N, Seguin E, Seguin A, Fennell A, et al. Endurance exercise preserves physical function in adult and older male C57BL\/6 mice: high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus voluntary wheel running (VWR). Front Aging. 2024;5:1356954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fragi.2024.1356954.","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2489_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx120","volume":"73","author":"KL Seldeen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seldeen KL, Lasky G, Leiker MM, Pang M, Personius KE, Troen BR. High intensity interval training improves physical performance and frailty in aged mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018;73(4):429\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glx120.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2489_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2019.04.001","volume":"180","author":"KL Seldeen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seldeen KL, Redae YZ, Thiyagarajan R, Berman RN, Leiker MM, Troen BR. High intensity interval training improves physical performance in aged female mice: a comparison of mouse frailty assessment tools. Mech Ageing Dev. 2019;180:49\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mad.2019.04.001.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.112.004473","volume":"2","author":"VA Cornelissen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cornelissen VA, Smart NA. Exercise training for blood pressure: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(1):e004473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.112.004473.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2489_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.06.002","volume":"147","author":"THY Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee THY, Formolo DA, Kong T, Lau SWY, Ho CSL, Leung RYH, et al. Potential exerkines for physical exercise-elicited pro-cognitive effects: insight from clinical and animal research. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2019;147:361\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.06.002.","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2489_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab333","volume":"106","author":"LK Townsend","year":"2021","unstructured":"Townsend LK, MacPherson REK, Wright DC. New horizon: exercise and a focus on tissue-brain crosstalk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(8):2147\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgab333.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"2489_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00576-0","volume":"24","author":"AC Dixson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dixson AC, Dawson TR, Di Vizio D, Weaver AM. Context-specific regulation of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and cargo selection. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2023;24(7):454\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-023-00576-0.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001","volume":"186","author":"C L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ot\u00edn C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of aging: an expanding universe. Cell. 2023;186(2):243\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.001.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2489_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00258","volume":"9","author":"A Rebelo-Marques","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, et al. Aging hallmarks: the benefits of physical exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00258.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2489_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589730","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2025.1589730","volume":"6","author":"JC Stephenson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stephenson JC, Tran TD, Graber TG. Effects of high-intensity interval training on physical and cognitive function in middle-aged male mice. Front Aging. 2025;6:1589730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fragi.2025.1589730.","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2489_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa205","volume":"76","author":"TG Graber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graber TG, Maroto R, Fry CS, Brightwell CR, Rasmussen BB. Measuring exercise capacity and physical function in adult and older mice. J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021;76(5):819\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glaa205.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2489_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seldeen KL, Redae YZ, Thiyagarajan R, Berman RN, Leiker MM, Troen BR. Short session high intensity interval training and treadmill assessment in aged mice. J Vis Exp JoVE. 2019;(144). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/59138.","DOI":"10.3791\/59138"},{"key":"2489_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glae293","author":"ML Pajski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pajski ML, Maroto R, Byrd C, Graber TG. Longitudinal decline of exercise capacity in male and female mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glae293.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c200033","volume":"12","author":"KM Lavin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, et al. State of knowledge on molecular adaptations to exercise in humans: historical perspectives and future directions. Compr Physiol. 2022;12(2):3193\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cphy.c200033.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glae293","volume":"80","author":"ML Pajski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pajski ML, Maroto R, Byrd C, Graber TG. Longitudinal decline of exercise capacity in male and female mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2025;80(3):glae293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glae293.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3390\/jal3020013","volume":"3","author":"TG Graber","year":"2023","unstructured":"Graber TG, Maroto R, Thompson JK, Widen SG, Man Z, Pajski ML, et al. Skeletal muscle transcriptome alterations related to declining physical function in older mice. J Ageing Longev. 2023;3(2):159\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jal3020013.","journal-title":"J Ageing Longev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2489_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt188","volume":"69","author":"H Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu H, Graber TG, Ferguson-Stegall L, Thompson LV. Clinically relevant frailty index for mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(12):1485\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt188.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2489_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu163","volume":"70","author":"TG Graber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Graber TG, Ferguson-Stegall L, Liu H, Thompson LV. Voluntary aerobic exercise reverses frailty in old mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(9):1045\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glu163.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01856-7","volume":"48","author":"GR Laskin","year":"2026","unstructured":"Laskin GR, Perazza LR, Graber TG, Mazonson BR, Kim YJ, Verdi LJ, et al. Increasing indices of frailty in aged female mice are associated with impaired skeletal muscle resilience to downhill running stress. GeroScience. 2026;48(2):1665\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-025-01856-7.","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"6","key":"2489_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt136","volume":"69","author":"JC Whitehead","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whitehead JC, Hildebrand BA, Sun M, Rockwood MR, Rose RA, Rockwood K, et al. A clinical frailty index in aging mice: comparisons with frailty index data in humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(6):621\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt136.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr193","volume":"67","author":"RJ Parks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parks RJ, Fares E, Macdonald JK, Ernst MC, Sinal CJ, Rockwood K, et al. A procedure for creating a frailty index based on deficit accumulation in aging mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2012;67(3):217\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glr193.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2489_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121598","volume":"321","author":"GA Grilo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grilo GA, Cakir SN, Shaver PR, Iyer RP, Whitehead K, McClung JM, et al. Collagen matricryptin promotes cardiac function by mediating scar formation. Life Sci. 2023;321:121598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121598.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2489_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.06.003","volume":"5","author":"AC Armstrong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Armstrong AC, Gidding S, Gjesdal O, Wu C, Bluemke DA, Lima JAC. LV mass assessed by echocardiography and CMR, cardiovascular outcomes, and medical practice. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;5(8):837\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.06.003.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2489_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H733","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00339.2017","volume":"314","author":"ML Lindsey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Virag JAI, de Castro Br\u00e1s LE, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Guidelines for measuring cardiac physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2018;314(4):H733-52. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00339.2017.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H711","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00861.2024","volume":"328","author":"D Theobald","year":"2025","unstructured":"Theobald D, de Castro Braz LE, Akula SM, Eells JB, Sriramula S. Inhibition of kinin B1 receptor alleviates SARS-CoV-2-induced long-lasting cardiovascular complications. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2025;328(3):H711-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00861.2024.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"2489_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1074700","volume":"10","author":"D Theobald","year":"2023","unstructured":"Theobald D, Nair AR, Sriramula S, Francis J. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of TLR4 attenuates angiotensin II-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1074700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1074700.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2489_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005970","volume":"294","author":"TG Graber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graber TG, Fry CS, Brightwell CR, Moro T, Maroto R, Bhattarai N, et al. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout of DEP domain containing 5 protein increases mTORC1 signaling, muscle cell hypertrophy, and mitochondrial respiration. J Biol Chem. 2019;294(11):4091\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005970.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2489_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.02.002","volume":"106","author":"TG Graber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Graber TG, Rawls BL, Tian B, Durham WJ, Brightwell CR, Brasier AR, et al. Repetitive TLR3 activation in the lung induces skeletal muscle adaptations and cachexia. Exp Gerontol. 2018;106:88\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2018.02.002.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","volume":"56","author":"LP Fried","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146-57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.325526","volume":"137","author":"MY Mi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mi MY, Perry AS, Krishnan V, Nayor M. Epidemiology and cardiovascular benefits of physical activity and exercise. Circ Res. 2025;137(2):120\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.325526.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00069-z","volume":"41","author":"TG Graber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graber TG, Fandrey KR, Thompson LV. Novel individualized power training protocol preserves physical function in adult and older mice. GeroScience. 2019;41(2):165\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-019-00069-z.","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"issue":"8010","key":"2489_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06877-w","volume":"629","author":"MoTrPAC Study Group","year":"2024","unstructured":"MoTrPAC Study Group, Lead Analysts, MoTrPAC Study Group. Temporal dynamics of the multi-omic response to endurance exercise training. Nature. 2024;629(8010):174\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06877-w.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"2489_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185","volume":"7","author":"A Jayedi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jayedi A, Soltani S, Emadi A, Zargar MS, Najafi A. Aerobic exercise and weight loss in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2452185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0807-y","volume":"48","author":"F Maillard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Effect of high-intensity interval training on total, abdominal and visceral fat mass: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(2):269\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0807-y.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2489_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa205","volume":"76","author":"TG Graber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graber TG, Maroto R, Fry CS, Brightwell CR, Rasmussen BB. Measuring exercise capacity and physical function in adult and older mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021;76(5):819\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glaa205.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2489_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt032","volume":"68","author":"TG Graber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Graber TG, Ferguson-Stegall L, Kim JH, Thompson LV. C57BL\/6 neuromuscular healthspan scoring system. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013;68(11):1326\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glt032.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-015-9773-1","volume":"37","author":"TG Graber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Graber TG, Kim JH, Grange RW, McLoon LK, Thompson LV. C57BL\/6 life span study: age-related declines in muscle power production and contractile velocity. Age. 2015;37(3):9773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-015-9773-1.","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"2489_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gray V, Smith S, Conroy V, B Guerrero M, Bahia Lanza M. Decline in hip abductor torque, power, and velocity emerges in middle age: age and sex differences across adulthood. Physiother Theory Pract. 2026;1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09593985.2026.2672015.","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2026.2672015"},{"key":"2489_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2026.14884","author":"M Hassani","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hassani M, Renzini A, Nguyen L, Coletti D. Changes in physical performance with aging in master athletes and in the general population: an update. Eur J Transl Myol. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/ejtm.2026.14884.","journal-title":"Eur J Transl Myol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2489_CR44","first-page":"3029","volume":"263","author":"MA Fiatarone","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fiatarone MA, Marks EC, Ryan ND, Meredith CN, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Eff Skeletal Muscle JAMA. 1990;263(22):3029\u201334.","journal-title":"Eff Skeletal Muscle JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31823b5f13","volume":"40","author":"KF Reid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reid KF, Fielding RA. Skeletal muscle power: a critical determinant of physical functioning in older adults. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2012;40(1):4\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JES.0b013e31823b5f13.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2489_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214982","volume":"14","author":"JH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim JH, Graber TG, Liu H, Asakura A, Thompson LV. Increasing myosin light chain 3f (MLC3f) protects against a decline in contractile velocity. PLoS ONE. 2019;14(4):e0214982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0214982.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"17","key":"2489_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16173007","volume":"16","author":"Y Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie Y, Gu Y, Li Z, He B, Zhang L. Effects of different exercises combined with different dietary interventions on body composition: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2024;16(17):3007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16173007.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2489_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101513","volume":"35","author":"J Angulo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Angulo J, El Assar M, \u00c1lvarez-Bustos A, Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1as L. Physical activity and exercise: strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biol. 2020;35:101513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101513.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2489_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104981","volume":"56","author":"P Iso-Markku","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iso-Markku P, Kujala UM, Knittle K, Polet J, Vuoksimaa E, Waller K. Physical activity as a protective factor for dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and quality assessment of cohort and case-control studies. Br J Sports Med. 2022;56(12):701\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104981.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10484","key":"2489_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00184-9","volume":"405","author":"AR Tari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tari AR, Walker TL, Huuha AM, Sando SB, Wisloff U. Neuroprotective mechanisms of exercise and the importance of fitness for healthy brain ageing. Lancet. 2025;405(10484):1093\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00184-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00845-w","volume":"20","author":"A Matton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Matton A, Stephen R, Daniilidou M, Barbera M, Alanko V, Ballin M, et al. Mechanisms of interventions targeting modifiable factors for dementia risk reduction. Mol Neurodegener. 2025;20(1):75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13024-025-00845-w.","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"10","key":"2489_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15231","volume":"330","author":"DA Raichlen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raichlen DA, Aslan DH, Sayre MK, Bharadwaj PK, Ally M, Maltagliati S, et al. Sedentary behavior and incident dementia among older adults. JAMA. 2023;330(10):934\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.15231.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"2489_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.71484","volume":"22","author":"LE Oberlin","year":"2026","unstructured":"Oberlin LE, Solis-Urra P, Sewell KR, Collins AM, Kang C, Huang H, et al. Physical activity, aerobic fitness, and AD blood biomarkers: the IGNITE study. Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc. 2026;22(5):e71484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.71484.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement J Alzheimers Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2489_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2024.04.004","volume":"47","author":"NC Boa Sorte Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boa Sorte Silva NC, Barha CK, Erickson KI, Kramer AF, Liu-Ambrose T. Physical exercise, cognition, and brain health in aging. Trends Neurosci. 2024;47(6):402\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2024.04.004.","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2489_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282894","volume":"601","author":"Z Barad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barad Z, Augusto J, Kelly \u00c1M. Exercise-induced modulation of neuroinflammation in ageing. J Physiol. 2023;601(11):2069\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP282894.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2489_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70233","volume":"24","author":"M Bilgic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bilgic M, Obata R, Panfil VI, Zhu Z, Saeki M, Gotoh Y, et al. Age-associated transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations in mouse hippocampus. Aging Cell. 2025;24(11):e70233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.70233.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"2489_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.70167","volume":"24","author":"K Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu K, Fan D, Wu HP, Hu XY, He QL, Wu XM, et al. Senescent microglia mediate neuroinflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction by selective elimination of excitatory synapses in the hippocampal CA1. Aging Cell. 2025;24(9):e70167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.70167.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2489_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1420322","volume":"18","author":"AO Strohm","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strohm AO, Majewska AK. Physical exercise regulates microglia in health and disease. Front Neurosci. 2024;18:1420322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2024.1420322.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03165-3","volume":"30","author":"Y Su","year":"2025","unstructured":"Su Y, Su Z. Effects of exercise on neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Eur J Med Res. 2025;30(1):909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-025-03165-3.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.011","volume":"18","author":"L Soreq","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soreq L, UK Brain Expression Consortium, North American Brain Expression Consortium, Rose J, Soreq E, Hardy J, et al. Major shifts in glial regional identity are a transcriptional hallmark of human brain aging. Cell Rep. 2017;18(2):557\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.12.011.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2489_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00479-x","volume":"3","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Li Y, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Xu Z, et al. Transcriptional and epigenetic decoding of the microglial aging process. Nat Aging. 2023;3(10):1288\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-023-00479-x.","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/21.1.34","volume":"21","author":"SP Chappell","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chappell SP, Lewis MJ, Henderson AH. Effect of lipid feeding on endothelium dependent relaxation in rabbit aortic preparations. Cardiovasc Res. 1987;21(1):34\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/21.1.34.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2489_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12580","volume":"18","author":"V Astillero-Lopez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Astillero-Lopez V, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Villar-Conde S, Flores-Cuadrado A, Martinez-Marcos A, Ubeda-Banon I, et al. Neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: stereological layer-specific assessment and proteomic analysis. Alzheimers Dement. 2022;18(12):2468\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12580.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"2489_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2020.00043","volume":"2","author":"N Takei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takei N, Kakinoki K, Girard O, Hatta H. Short-term repeated wingate training in hypoxia and normoxia in sprinters. Front Sports Act Living. 2020;2:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2020.00043.","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.130","volume":"97","author":"DP Swain","year":"2006","unstructured":"Swain DP, Franklin BA. Comparison of cardioprotective benefits of vigorous versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(1):141\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.130.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.005","volume":"160","author":"JD Eicher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eicher JD, Maresh CM, Tsongalis GJ, Thompson PD, Pescatello LS. The additive blood pressure lowering effects of exercise intensity on post-exercise hypotension. Am Heart J. 2010;160(3):513\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.005.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2489_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.770975","volume":"8","author":"Z Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu Z, Song Y, Chen H, Li S, Teo EC, Gu Y. A mixed comparisons of aerobic training with different volumes and intensities of physical exercise in patients with hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:770975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.770975.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-1030-z","volume":"22","author":"JM Leal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leal JM, Galliano LM, Del Vecchio FB. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training in hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(3):26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-020-1030-z.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2489_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.08.002","volume":"28","author":"MM Wasfy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wasfy MM, Weiner RB, Wang F, Berkstresser B, Lewis GD, DeLuca JR, et al. Endurance exercise-induced cardiac remodeling: not all sports are created equal. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(12):1434\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2015.08.002.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2489_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-018-0659-2","volume":"20","author":"BJ Petek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petek BJ, Wasfy MM. Cardiac adaption to exercise training: the female athlete. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2018;20(8):68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11936-018-0659-2.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"2489_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.70116","volume":"12","author":"T Sj\u00far\u00f0arson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sj\u00far\u00f0arson T, Nordsborg NB, Kristiansen J, Andersen LJ, Krustrup P, Kyhl K, et al. The impact of exercise intensity and duration for swim training-induced adaptations in cardiac structure and function in women with mild hypertension. Physiol Rep. 2024;12(21):e70116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.70116.","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"24","key":"2489_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010775","volume":"130","author":"A Arbab-Zadeh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arbab-Zadeh A, Perhonen M, Howden E, Peshock RM, Zhang R, Adams-Huet B, et al. Cardiac remodeling in response to 1 year of intensive endurance training. Circulation. 2014;130(24):2152\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010775.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2489_CR73","unstructured":"Biernacka A, Frangogiannis NG. Aging and cardiac fibrosis. Aging Dis. 2011;2(2):158\u201373."},{"issue":"3","key":"2489_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030741","volume":"15","author":"X Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui X, Wang K, Zhang J, Cao ZB. Aerobic exercise ameliorates myocardial fibrosis via affecting Vitamin D receptor and transforming growth factor-\u03b21 signaling in vitamin D-deficient mice. Nutrients. 2023;15(3):741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15030741.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H360","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00340.2022","volume":"323","author":"AM Garvin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garvin AM, Hale TM. Sex matters in the aging heart: implications for antifibrotic therapies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2022;323(2):H360-1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00340.2022.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2489_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212341","volume":"22","author":"Y Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Y, Kuang Y, Bo W, Liang Q, Zhu W, Cai M, et al. Exercise training alleviates cardiac fibrosis through increasing fibroblast growth factor 21 and regulating TGF-\u03b21-Smad2\/3-MMP2\/9 signaling in mice with myocardial infarction. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(22):12341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222212341.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2489_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657950","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1657950","volume":"12","author":"P Cheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheng P, Zhang X, Si Y, Yin Q, Chen L, Ru Q, et al. Regulatory mechanisms of exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy: progress and prospects. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025;12:1657950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1657950.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2489_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04083-1","volume":"9","author":"A Vujic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vujic A, Lerchenm\u00fcller C, Wu TD, Guillermier C, Rabolli CP, Gonzalez E, et al. Exercise induces new cardiomyocyte generation in the adult mammalian heart. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):1659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-04083-1.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2489_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.966580","volume":"5","author":"JA Jansen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jansen JA, van Veen TAB, de Jong S, van der Nagel R, van Stuijvenberg L, Driessen H, et al. Reduced Cx43 expression triggers increased fibrosis due to enhanced fibroblast activity. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5(2):380\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.966580.","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2489_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.07.008","volume":"8","author":"K Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang K, Xu BC, Duan HY, Zhang H, Hu FS. Late cardioprotection of exercise preconditioning against exhaustive exercise-induced myocardial injury by up-regulatation of connexin 43 expression in rat hearts. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015;8(8):658\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.07.008.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"}],"container-title":["GeroScience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02489-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02489-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02489-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:05:41Z","timestamp":1789016741000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02489-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["2489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-026-02489-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-2723"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-2723","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animals were treated humanely under East Carolina University IACUC guidelines.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Animal use statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}