{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T09:59:14Z","timestamp":1774259954901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005765","name":"Universidade de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Entrep Manag J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-026-01202-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:51:12Z","timestamp":1774252272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of women opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and business diversification in diverse contexts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Porf\u00edrio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5661-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo M.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. Augusto","family":"Fel\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Carrilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2006.00138.x","volume":"30","author":"H Ahl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahl, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2006.00138.x","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"15","key":"1202_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1080\/02642069.2012.677834","volume":"32","author":"G Akehurst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akehurst, G., Simarro, E., & Mas-Tur, A. (2012). Women entrepreneurship in small service firms: Motivations, barriers and performance. The Service Industries Journal, 32(15), 2489\u20132505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02642069.2012.677834","journal-title":"The Service Industries Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1108\/IJEBR-10-2011-0138","volume":"19","author":"H Al-Dajani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Dajani, H., & Marlow, S. (2013). Empowerment and entrepreneurship: A theoretical framework. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 19(5), 503\u2013524 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJEBR-10-2011-0138","journal-title":"International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior &amp; Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stae.2025.100102","volume":"4","author":"I Alexeeva-Alexeev","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alexeeva-Alexeev, I., Guaita-Fernandez, P., & Mazas-Perez-Oleaga, C. (2025). Cross-country analysis of sustainable innovation and female entrepreneurship and their influence on the presence of women in managerial positions. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 4(2), 100102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stae.2025.100102","journal-title":"Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/08985620802182144","volume":"21","author":"LS Amine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amine, L. S., & Staub, K. M. (2009). Women entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa: An institutional theory analysis from a social marketing point of view. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21(2), 183\u2013211.","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship and Regional Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joep.2014.02.004","volume":"42","author":"JC Ayala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ayala, J. C., & Manzano, G. (2014). The resilience of the entrepreneur. Influence on the success of the business. A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 42(3), 126\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joep.2014.02.004","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Psychology"},{"key":"1202_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-011-9374-z","volume":"37","author":"E Bardasi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bardasi, E., Sabarwal, S., & Terrell, K. (2011). How do female entrepreneurs perform? Evidence from three developing regions. Small Business Economics, 37, 417\u2013441.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"issue":"12","key":"1202_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8553","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2022.4579","volume":"68","author":"C Batista","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batista, C., Sequeira, S., & Vicente, P. C. (2022). Closing the gender profit gap? Management Science, 68(12), 8553\u20138567.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10834-020-09663-2","volume":"41","author":"Z Brixiov\u00e1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brixiov\u00e1, Z., Kangoye, T., & Tregenna, F. (2020). Enterprising women in Southern Africa: When does land ownership matter? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 41(1), 37\u201351.","journal-title":"Journal of Family and Economic Issues"},{"key":"1202_CR10","unstructured":"Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., Balachandra, L., & Davis, A. (2014). Women entrepreneurs 2014: Bridging the gender gap in venture capital. Babson College."},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9026(99)00043-9","volume":"16","author":"C Bruyat","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bruyat, C., & Julien, P. A. (2001). Defining the field of research in entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(2), 165\u2013180.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/0266242614556823","volume":"33","author":"S Carter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carter, S., Mwaura, S., Ram, M., Trehan, K., & Jones, T. (2015). Barriers to ethnic minority and women\u2019s enterprise: Existing evidence, policy tensions and unsettled questions. International Small Business Journal, 33(1), 49\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0266242614556823","journal-title":"International Small Business Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"1202_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEIM.2019.10021650","volume":"23","author":"L Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carvalho, L., & Fernandes, A. (2019). Management style and innovation of females in gender-atypical businesses. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 23(4), 383\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJEIM.2019.10021650","journal-title":"International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"30","author":"CDM Costa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Costa, C. D. M., & Miragaia, D. A. M. (2024). Female entrepreneurship in a sport context: unveiling the barriers perceived by women in leadership positions in a society of stereotypes! Managing Sport and Leisure, 30(3), 1\u201322.","journal-title":"Managing Sport and Leisure"},{"key":"1202_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-021-04735-1","volume":"177","author":"D De Clercq","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Clercq, D., & Brieger, S. A. (2022). When discrimination is worse, autonomy is key: How women entrepreneurs leverage job autonomy resources to find work\u2013life balance. Journal of Business Ethics, 177, 665\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10551-021-04735-1","journal-title":"Journal of Business Ethics"},{"key":"1202_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drucker, P. F. (1986). Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. Harper & Row.","DOI":"10.1080\/07377366.1986.10401060"},{"key":"1202_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Psychology Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203781906","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203781906"},{"issue":"4","key":"1202_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/0959353594044005","volume":"4","author":"AH Eagly","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eagly, A. H. (1994). On comparing women and men. Feminism and Psychology, 4(4), 513\u2013522.","journal-title":"Feminism and Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1202_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.54.6.408","volume":"54","author":"A Eagly","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eagly, A., & Wood, W. (1999). The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. American Psychologist, 54(6), 408\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.54.6.408","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e338","DOI":"10.7200\/esicm.55.338","volume":"55","author":"S Enri-Peir\u00f3","year":"2024","unstructured":"Enri-Peir\u00f3, S., Mas-Tur, A., & Rey-Mart\u00ed, A. (2024). Approaching the role of innovation, education and multiplicity of context in sustainable and female entrepreneurship. ESIC Market, 55(1), e338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7200\/esicm.55.338","journal-title":"ESIC Market"},{"key":"1202_CR21","unstructured":"GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2019\/2020 Global Report. GEM."},{"key":"1202_CR22","unstructured":"GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). (2022). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2021\/2022 Global Report: Opportunity Amid Disruption. GEM."},{"key":"1202_CR23","unstructured":"GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor). (2023). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2023\/2024 Global Report: 25 Years and Growing. GEM."},{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2006.00139.x","volume":"30","author":"LN Godwin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Godwin, L. N., Stevens, C. E., & Brenner, N. L. (2006). Forced to play by the rules? Theorizing how mixed\u2013sex founding teams benefit female entrepreneurs in male\u2013dominated contexts. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 623\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2006.00139.x","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/jsc.2489","volume":"31","author":"S Gomes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomes, S., Santos, T., Sousa, M., Oliveira, J. C., Oliveira, M., & Lopes, J. M. (2022). Entrepreneurial intention among women: A case study in the Portuguese academy. Strategic Change, 31(2), 197\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jsc.2489","journal-title":"Strategic Change"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2009.00296.x","volume":"33","author":"VK Gupta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., Wasti, S. A., & Sikdar, A. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2009.00296.x","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.08.005","volume":"66","author":"A Hampel-Milagrosa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hampel-Milagrosa, A., Loewe, M., & Reeg, C. (2015). The entrepreneur makes a difference: Evidence on MSE upgrading factors from Egypt, India, and the Philippines. World Development, 66(3), 118\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.worlddev.2014.08.005","journal-title":"World Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/00220388.2013.849337","volume":"50","author":"H Hansen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hansen, H., & Rand, J. (2014). The myth of female credit discrimination in African manufacturing. Journal of Development Studies, 50(1), 81\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Development Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/0266242614549779","volume":"34","author":"C Henry","year":"2016","unstructured":"Henry, C., Foss, L., & Ahl, H. (2016). Gender and entrepreneurship research: A review of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0266242614549779","journal-title":"International Small Business Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1108\/IJGE-07-2014-0021","volume":"7","author":"N Hodges","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hodges, N., Watchravesringkan, K., Yurchisin, J., Childs, M., Karpova, E., Marcketti, S., Hegland, J., & Yan, R. N. (2015). Women and apparel entrepreneurship: An exploration of small business challenges and strategies in three countries. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 7(2), 191\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJGE-07-2014-0021","journal-title":"International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship"},{"issue":"6","key":"1202_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2016.08.001","volume":"31","author":"DK Hsu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hsu, D. K., Wiklund, J., Anderson, S. E., & Coffey, B. S. (2016). Entrepreneurial exit intentions and the business-family interface. Journal of Business Venturing, 31(6), 613\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2016.08.001","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stae.2024.100078","volume":"3","author":"S Khodor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khodor, S., Yela Ar\u00e1nega, A., & Ramadani, V. (2024). Impact of digitalization and innovation in women\u2019s entrepreneurial orientation on sustainable start-up intention. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 3(3), 100078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stae.2024.100078","journal-title":"Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"1202_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/cjas.1399","volume":"33","author":"J Kimosop","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kimosop, J., Korir, M., & White, M. (2016). The moderating effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between strategic capabilities and firm performance in women-owned entrepreneurial ventures in Nairobi, Kenya. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 33, 242\u2013256.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-07-2014-0453","volume":"54","author":"M Mari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mari, M., Poggesi, S., & De Vita, L. (2016). Family embeddedness and business performance: Evidences from women-owned firms. Management Decision, 54(2), 476\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/MD-07-2014-0453","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"key":"1202_CR35","unstructured":"Marques, C., Santos, G., Gerry, C., & Gomes, G. (2011). Business motivation and work-family balance among urban and rural women entrepreneurs in Portugal. Entrepreneurship: Motivation, Performance and Risk (pp. 167\u2013191). Nova Science Publishers, Inc."},{"key":"1202_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mas-Tur, A., Soriano, D. R., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2015). Motivational factors of female entrepreneurs. In Female entrepreneurship in transition economies, (31\u201344). London: Springer.","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137444516_3"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/00307270221105533","volume":"51","author":"S Mayanja","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mayanja, S., Mudege, N., Snyder, K. A., Kwikiriza, N., Munda, E., Achora, J., & Grant, F. (2022). Commercialisation of the sweet potato value chain: Impacts on women producers in Mozambique. Outlook on Agriculture, 51(3), 349\u2013358.","journal-title":"Outlook on Agriculture"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e364","DOI":"10.7200\/esicm.55.364","volume":"55","author":"E Mu\u00f1oz-C\u00e9spedes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-C\u00e9spedes, E., Ibar-Alonso, R., & Cuerdo-Mir, M. (2024). Analysis of gender gap in financial competence: an analysis using unsupervised classification methods. ESIC Market Economics and Business Journal, 55(2), e364 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7200\/esicm.55.364","journal-title":"ESIC Market Economics and Business Journal"},{"key":"1202_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadya, E., & Fernandes, E. (2017). Gender and entrepreneurship in Angola: Narratives of the \u2018muambeiras\u2019 of Lubango. In C. Machado, & P. Davim (Eds.), Managing organizational diversity: Trends and challenges in management and engineering (pp. 119\u2013134). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54925-5_6"},{"key":"1202_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nissan, E., Carrasco, I., & Castano, M. (2012). Women entrepreneurship, innovation, and internationalization. In M. Galindo, & D. Ribeiro (Eds.), Women\u2019s entrepreneurship and economics: New perspectives, practices, and policies (pp. 125\u2013142). Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1293-9_9"},{"key":"1202_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ojong, N., Simba, A., & Dana, L. (2021). Female entrepreneurship in Africa: A review, trends, and future research directions. Journal of Business Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.032.132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2021.04.032.132"},{"key":"1202_CR42","unstructured":"ONGD TESE (2023). https:\/\/saotome.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt\/pt\/a-embaixada\/noticias\/ongd-tese-apresenta-resultados-preliminares-do-estudo-pro-mulher"},{"key":"1202_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.117","volume":"69","author":"P Pinazo-Dallenbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pinazo-Dallenbach, P., Mas-Tur, A., & Lloria, B. (2016). Using high-potential firms as the key to achieving territorial development. Journal of Business Research, 69, 1412\u20131417.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"1202_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/08276331.2013.821758","volume":"26","author":"VK Prasad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prasad, V. K., Naidu, G. M., Murthy, B. K., Winkel, D., & Ehrhardt, K. (2013). Women entrepreneurs and business venture growth: An examination of the influence of human and social capital resources in an Indian context. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 26(4), 341\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08276331.2013.821758","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business &amp; Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"1202_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/tie.22394","volume":"66","author":"V Ratten","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ratten, V., & Braga, V. (2024). Internationalization through digital empowerment for women filigree jewelry artisan entrepreneurs in Portugal. Thunderbird International Business Review, 66, 419\u2013427.","journal-title":"Thunderbird International Business Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"1202_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2014.11.033","volume":"68","author":"A Rey-Mart\u00ed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rey-Mart\u00ed, A., Porcar, T., A., & Mas-Tur, A. (2015). Linking female entrepreneurs\u2019 motivation to business survival. Journal of Business Research, 68(4), 810\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2014.11.033","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"1202_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, M. C., Santos, L., & Martins, D. (2019). Female entrepreneurship in Portugal: Case study for micro-companies in the Northern of Portugal. In O. L. Rua (coord) (Ed.), Entrepreneurial Orientation and Opportunities for Global Economic Growth (pp. 69\u201391). IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-6942-8.ch004"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/19448953.2014.993258","volume":"17","author":"S Roy-Mukherjee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roy-Mukherjee, S. (2015). Connecting the Dots: The Washington Consensus and the \u2018Arab Spring\u2019. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(2), 141\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19448953.2014.993258","journal-title":"Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies"},{"key":"1202_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, G. M. C., Marques, C. S., Ferreira, J. J., Gerry, C., & Ratten, V. (2017). Women\u2019s entrepreneurship in Northern Portugal: Psychological factors versus contextual influences in the economic downturn. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 13(4), 418\u2013440.","DOI":"10.1504\/WREMSD.2017.085027"},{"issue":"4","key":"1202_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-017-0481-4","volume":"14","author":"G Santos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santos, G., Marques, C. S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2018). What are the antecedents of women\u2019s entrepreneurial orientation? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(4), 807\u2013821.","journal-title":"International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"1202_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1108\/IJEBR-10-2017-0418","volume":"25","author":"G Santos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos, G., Marques, C. S., & Ratten, V. (2019). Entrepreneurial women\u2019s networks: the case of D\u2019Uva\u2013Portugal wine girls. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(2), 298\u2013322.","journal-title":"International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research"},{"key":"1202_CR52","unstructured":"Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. Pearson Education Limited."},{"key":"1202_CR53","unstructured":"Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1108\/17566260910942327","volume":"1","author":"E Shaw","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shaw, E., Marlow, S., Lam, W., & Carter, S. (2009). Gender and entrepreneurial capital: Implications for firm performance. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 25\u201341 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/17566260910942327","journal-title":"International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/15228910802701296","volume":"10","author":"A Spring","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spring, A. (2009). African women in the entrepreneurial landscape: Reconsidering the formal and informal sectors. Journal of African Business, 10(1), 11\u201330.","journal-title":"Journal of African Business"},{"issue":"5","key":"1202_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.084","volume":"69","author":"MW Staniewski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Staniewski, M. W., Janowski, K., & Awruk, K. (2016). Entrepreneurial personality dispositions and selected indicators of company functioning. Journal of Business Research, 69(5), 1939\u20131943 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2015.10.084","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/0190272510377882","volume":"73","author":"S Th\u00e9baud","year":"2010","unstructured":"Th\u00e9baud, S. (2010). Gender and entrepreneurship as a career choice: Do self-assessments of ability matter? Social Psychology Quarterly, 73(3), 288\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0190272510377882","journal-title":"Social Psychology Quarterly"},{"key":"1202_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uebbing, L., Wehner, M. C., Ar\u00e1nega, A. Y., & Guaita Mart\u00ednez, J. M. (2025). Make it or leave it?\u2013 An exploration of post-foundation dynamics among female entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 21(52) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11365-024-01065-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-024-01065-2"},{"key":"1202_CR59","unstructured":"Vossenberg, S. (2013). Women entrepreneurship promotion in developing countries: What explains the gender gap in entrepreneurship and how to close it? Maastricht School of Management. Working Paper No. 2013\/08."},{"key":"1202_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-015-0379-y","volume":"13","author":"DHB Welsh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Welsh, D. H. B., Eugene, K., & Minialai, C. (2017). The influence of perceived management skills and perceived gender discrimination in launch decisions by women entrepreneurs. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13, 1\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11365-015-0379-y","journal-title":"International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal"},{"key":"1202_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.12.015","volume":"88","author":"DHB Welsh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Welsh, D. H. B., Kaciak, E., & Shamah, R. (2018). Determinants of women entrepreneurs\u2019 firm performance in a hostile environment. Journal of Business Research, 88, 481\u2013491 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2017.12.015","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1202_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23322373.2018.1428019","volume":"4","author":"K Wolf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolf, K., & Frese, M. (2018). Why husbands matter: Review of spousal influence on women entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa. Africa Journal of Management, 4(1), 1\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23322373.2018.1428019","journal-title":"Africa Journal of Management"},{"key":"1202_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2012.12.021","volume":"66","author":"A Woodside","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woodside, A. (2013). Moving beyond multiple regression analysis to algorithms: Calling for adoption of a paradigm shift from symmetric to asymmetric thinking in data analysis and crafting theory. Journal of Business Research, 66, 463\u2013472.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1202_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-019-00570-z","volume":"15","author":"J Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, J., Li, Y., & Zhang, D. (2019). Identifying women\u2019s entrepreneurial barriers and empowering female entrepreneurship worldwide: a fuzzy-set QCA approach. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 15(3), 905\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11365-019-00570-z","journal-title":"International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal"}],"container-title":["International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11365-026-01202-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11365-026-01202-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11365-026-01202-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T09:02:37Z","timestamp":1774256557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11365-026-01202-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11365-026-01202-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1554-7191","1555-1938"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1554-7191","type":"print"},{"value":"1555-1938","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"72"}}