{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:26:28Z","timestamp":1770812788399,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Ment Health Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00754-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T16:02:55Z","timestamp":1641830575000},"page":"2795-2812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Adaptation of the European Portuguese Version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire for Adolescents, Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3484-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Galhardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2510-2348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilda","family":"Massano-Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5957-1903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"754_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9186","volume":"6","author":"M Adawi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adawi, M., Bragazzi, N. L., Argumosa-Villar, L., Boada-Grau, J., Vigil-Colet, A., Yildirim, C., & Watad, A. (2018). Translation and validation of the Nomophobia Questionnaire in the Italian language: Exploratory factor analysis. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 6(1), e24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mhealth.9186","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth"},{"key":"754_CR2","unstructured":"\u00c1gua, J., Patr\u00e3o, I., & Leal, I. (In press). SAS-SV: Estudo da valida\u00e7\u00e3o da escala de depend\u00eancia do smartphone numa amostra da popula\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa. Livro de Atas do II Congresso Ib\u00e9rico de Psicologia Cl\u00ednica e da Sa\u00fade."},{"key":"754_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S169918","volume":"11","author":"EM Al-Balhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Balhan, E. M., Khabbache, H., Watfa, A., Re, T. S., Zerbetto, R., & Bragazzi, N. L. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the nomophobia questionnaire: Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis\u2013Implications from a pilot study in Kuwait among university students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 11, 471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S169918","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"754_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/0894439314528779","volume":"33","author":"M Bian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2015). Linking loneliness, shyness, smartphone addiction symptoms, and patterns of smartphone use to social capital. Social Science Computer Review, 33(1), 61\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0894439314528779.","journal-title":"Social Science Computer Review"},{"key":"754_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.39","volume":"8","author":"A Bianchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. G. (2005). Psychological predictors of problem mobile phone use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8, 39\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2005.8.39","journal-title":"CyberPsychology & Behavior"},{"key":"754_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S41386","volume":"7","author":"NL Bragazzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bragazzi, N. L., & Del Puente, G. (2014). A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 7, 155\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S41386","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"key":"754_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106496","volume":"113","author":"G Catone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Catone, G., Senese, V. P., Pisano, S., Siciliano, M., Russo, K., Muratori, P., & Broome, M. R. (2020). The drawbacks of information and communication technologies: Interplay and psychopathological risk of nomophobia and cyber-bullying, results from the bullying and youth mental health Naples study (BYMHNS). Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 106496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106496","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"754_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.17060\/ijodaep.2019.n1.v3.1525","volume":"3","author":"E Cirilli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cirilli, E., & Nicolini, P. (2019). Digital skills and profile of each generation: A review. Revista INFAD de Psicolog\u00eda. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 3, 487\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17060\/ijodaep.2019.n1.v3.1525","journal-title":"International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology"},{"key":"754_CR9","volume-title":"Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression\/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum."},{"key":"754_CR10","unstructured":"Dancey, C. P., & Reidy, J. (2017). Statistics without maths for psychology (7th ed.). Pearson Education Inc."},{"key":"754_CR11","unstructured":"Dongre, A. S., Inamdar, I. F., & Gattani, P. L. (2017). Nomophobia: A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence and impact of cell phone on health.\u00a0National Journal of Community Medicine,\u00a08(11), 688\u2013693. http:\/\/njcmindia.org\/uploads\/8-11_688-693.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"754_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15805\/addicta.2018.5.2.0025","volume":"5","author":"HY Durak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Durak, H. Y. (2018). What would you do without your smartphone? Adolescents\u2019 social media usage, locus of control, and loneliness as a predictor of nomophobia. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(2), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15805\/addicta.2018.5.2.0025","journal-title":"Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions"},{"issue":"4","key":"754_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soscij.2018.09.003","volume":"56","author":"HY Durak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Durak, H. Y. (2019). Investigation of nomophobia and smartphone addiction predictors among adolescents in Turkey: Demographic variables and academic performance. The Social Science Journal, 56(4), 492\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soscij.2018.09.003","journal-title":"The Social Science Journal"},{"key":"754_CR14","unstructured":"Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage Publications."},{"issue":"6","key":"754_CR15","first-page":"269","volume":"10","author":"SJ Finney","year":"2006","unstructured":"Finney, S. J., & DiStefano, C. (2006). Non-normal and categorical data in structural equation modelling. Structural Equation Modelling: A Second Course, 10(6), 269\u2013314.","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modelling: A Second Course"},{"key":"754_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-020-00600-z","volume":"56","author":"A Galhardo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galhardo, A., Loureiro, D., Raimundo, E., Massano-Cardoso, I., & Cunha, M. (2020). Assessing nomophobia: Validation study of the European Portuguese version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire. Community Mental Health Journal, 56, 1521\u20131539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-020-00600-z","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"754_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.21890\/ijres.383153","volume":"4","author":"DM Gezgin","year":"2028","unstructured":"Gezgin, D. M., Cakir, O., & Yildirim, S. (2028). The relationship between levels of nomophobia prevalence and internet addiction among high school students: The factors influencing nomophobia. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 4, 215\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21890\/ijres.383153","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Education and Science"},{"key":"754_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2020.100025","volume":"2","author":"S Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, S., Dias, P., & Correia, A. P. (2020). Nomophobia and lifestyle: Smartphone use and its relationship to psychopathologies. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 2, 100025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2020.100025","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"754_CR19","first-page":"137","volume":"45","author":"J Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera, J., Leon-Mej\u00eda, A., P\u00e9rez-Sancho, C., & Calvete, E. (2017). Adaptation of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) to Spanish in a sample of adolescents. Actas Espa\u00f1olas De Psiquiatr\u00eda, 45(4), 137\u2013144.","journal-title":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas De Psiquiatr\u00eda"},{"issue":"5","key":"754_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-019-00541-2","volume":"56","author":"IB Gurbuz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gurbuz, I. B., & Ozkan, G. (2020). What is your level of nomophobia? An investigation of prevalence and level of nomophobia among young people in turkey. Community Mental Health Journal, 56(5), 814\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-019-00541-2","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"754_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasebrink, U., Livingstone, S., Haddon, L. & \u00d3lafsson, K. (2009). Comparing children\u2019s online opportunities and risks across Europe: Cross-national comparisons for EU Kids Online. EU Kids Online.","DOI":"10.56687\/9781847427342"},{"issue":"1","key":"754_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexes in covariance, structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modelling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modelling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"754_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350701350247","volume":"15","author":"C Jenaro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jenaro, C., Flores, N., G\u00f3mez-Vela, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Gil, F., & Caballo, C. (2007). Problematic internet and cell-phone use: Psychological, behavioral, and health correlates. Addiction Research and Theory, 15, 309\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16066350701350247","journal-title":"Addiction Research and Theory"},{"key":"754_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.035","volume":"54","author":"SH Jeong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jeong, S. H., Kim, H., Yum, J. Y., & Hwang, Y. (2016). What type of content are smartphone users addicted to?: SNS vs. games. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 10\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.035","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"754_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_130_19","volume":"41","author":"G Jilisha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jilisha, G., Venkatachalam, J., Menon, V., & Olickal, J. J. (2019). Nomophobia: A mixed-methods study on prevalence, associated factors, and perception among college students in Puducherry, India. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 41(6), 541\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_130_19","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"754_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2174\/2F1745017901410010028","volume":"10","author":"ALS King","year":"2014","unstructured":"King, A. L. S., Valen\u00e7a, A. M., Silva, A. C., Sancassiani, F., Machado, S., & Nardi, A. E. (2014). \u201cNomophobia\u201d: Impact of cell phone use interfering with symptoms and emotions of individuals with panic disorder compared with a control group. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 10, 28\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/2F1745017901410010028","journal-title":"Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"754_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.025","volume":"29","author":"A King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King, A., Valen\u00e7a, A., Silva, O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, R., & Nardi, E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia? Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.025","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"754_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. Sage Publications.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483385693"},{"key":"754_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.002","volume":"71","author":"V Konok","year":"2017","unstructured":"Konok, V., Pog\u00e1ny, \u00c1., & Mikl\u00f3si, \u00c1. (2017). Mobile attachment: Separation from the mobile phone induces physiological and behavioural stress and attentional bias to separation-related stimuli. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 228\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.002","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"754_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuscu, T. D., Gumustas, F., Rodopman Arman, A., & Goksu, M. (2020). The relationship between nomophobia and psychiatric symptoms in adolescents. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 1-6https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13651501.2020.1819334","DOI":"10.1080\/13651501.2020.1819334"},{"issue":"3","key":"754_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347-017-0041-3","volume":"3","author":"DJ Kuss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuss, D. J., Kanjo, E., Crook-Rumsey, M., Kibowski, F., Wang, G. Y., & Sumich, A. (2018). Problematic mobile phone use and addiction across generations: The roles of psychopathological symptoms and smartphone use. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 3(3), 141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41347-017-0041-3","journal-title":"Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"754_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558","volume":"8","author":"M Kwon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS One, 8(12), e83558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"754_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0250509","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250509","volume":"16","author":"AC Le\u00f3n-Mej\u00eda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n-Mej\u00eda, A. C., Guti\u00e9rrez-Ortega, M., Serrano-Pintado, I., & Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera, J. (2021). A systematic review on nomophobia prevalence: Surfacing results and standard guidelines for future research. PLoS One, 16(5), e0250509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0250509","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"754_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n-Mej\u00eda, A., Calvete, E., Patino-Alonso, C., Machimbarrena, J. M., & Gonz\u00e1lez-Cabrera, J. (2020). Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q): Factorial structure and cut-off points for the Spanish version. Adicciones, 0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20882\/adicciones.1316","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.1316"},{"key":"754_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/17482790802078565","volume":"2","author":"L Leung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leung, L. (2008). Linking psychological attributes to addiction and improper use of the mobile phone among adolescents in Hong Kong. Journal of Children and Media, 2, 93\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17482790802078565","journal-title":"Journal of Children and Media"},{"issue":"1","key":"754_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.11","volume":"7","author":"CY Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin, C. Y., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A. H. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of Persian Nomophobia Questionnaire: Differential item functioning and measurement invariance across gender. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 100\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.11","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"3","key":"754_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","volume":"33","author":"P Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond, P., & Lovibond, H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with Beck Depressive and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"754_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ma, J., & Liu, C. (2018). Evaluation of the factor structure of the Chinese version of the nomophobia questionnaire. Current Psychology, 1-7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-018-0071-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-0071-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"754_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-79722012000200004","volume":"25","author":"MGD Matos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matos, M. G. D., Gaspar, T., & Sim\u00f5es, C. (2012). Qualidade de vida relacionada \u00e0 sa\u00fade de crian\u00e7as e adolescentes portugueses. Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica, 25(2), 230\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0102-79722012000200004","journal-title":"Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica"},{"issue":"1","key":"754_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2019.1673485","volume":"40","author":"K Mehmet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mehmet, K., Kemal, B., & Fatma, I.-K. (2021). Duration of daily smartphone usage as an antecedent of nomophobia: Exploring multiple mediation of loneliness and anxiety. Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(1), 85\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2019.1673485","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"key":"754_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.027","volume":"86","author":"JS Mendoza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mendoza, J. S., Pody, B. C., Lee, S., Kim, M., & McDonough, I. M. (2018). The effect of cellphones on attention and learning: The influences of time, distraction, and nomophobia. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 52\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.027","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"754_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merlo, L. J., Stone, A. M., & Bibbey, A. (2013). Measuring problematic mobile phone use: development and preliminary psychometric properties of the PUMP scale.\u00a0Journal of Addiction, 1-7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/912807","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/912807"},{"issue":"10","key":"754_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103697","volume":"17","author":"AJ Moreno-Guerrero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., Aznar-D\u00edaz, I., C\u00e1ceres-Reche, P., & Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda, A. M. (2020). Do age, gender and poor diet influence the higher prevalence of nomophobia among young people? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17103697","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"754_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106351","volume":"109","author":"J Nie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nie, J., Wang, P., & Lei, L. (2020). Why can\u2019t we be separated from our smartphones? The vital roles of smartphone activity in smartphone separation anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, 109, 106351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106351","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"754_CR45","first-page":"235","volume":"36","author":"J Pais-Ribeiro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pais-Ribeiro, J., Honrado, A., & Leal, I. (2004). Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o estudo da adapta\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa das escalas de ansiedade depress\u00e3o stress de Lovibond e Lovibond. Psychologica, 36, 235\u2013246.","journal-title":"Psychologica"},{"key":"754_CR46","unstructured":"Pavithra, M. B., Madhukumar, S., & Mahadeva, M. (2015). A study on nomophobia-mobile phone dependence, among students of a medical college in Bangalore.\u00a0National Journal of Community Medicine,\u00a06(3), 340\u2013344. http:\/\/www.njcmindia.org\/uploads\/6-3_340-344.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"754_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030767","volume":"98","author":"RA Peterson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peterson, R. A., & Kim, Y. (2013). On the relationship between coefficient alpha and composite reliability. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(1), 194\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0030767","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"754_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0428-3","volume":"23","author":"U Ravens-Sieberer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ravens-Sieberer, U., Herdman, M., & Devine, J. (2014). The European KIDSCREEN approach to measure quality of life and well-being in children: Development, current application, and future advances. Quality of Life Research, 23, 791\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0428-3","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"754_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020580","volume":"17","author":"AM Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda, A. M., Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., & Lopez Belmonte, J. (2020). Nomophobia: An individual\u2019s growing fear of being without a smartphone\u2014A systematic literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17020580","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"754_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4103\/ipj.ipj_60_18","volume":"28","author":"M Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma, M., Amandeep, D. M. M., & Jeenger, J. (2019). Nomophobia and its relationship with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in adolescents. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 28(2), 231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ipj.ipj_60_18","journal-title":"Industrial Psychiatry Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"754_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20150333","volume":"3","author":"N Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma, N., Sharma, P., Sharma, N., & Wavare, R. R. (2015). Rising concern of nomophobia amongst Indian medical students. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3(3), 705\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20150333","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"55","key":"754_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.21865\/RIDEP55.2.12","volume":"2","author":"PGN Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva, P. G. N., Machado, M. D. O. S., Estanislau, A. M., Pimentel, C. E., da Fons\u00eaca, P. N., & de Medeiros, E. D. (2020). Nomophobia Questionnaire: Propriedades Psicom\u00e9tricas para o Contexto Brasileiro. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagn\u00f3stico y Evaluaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica, 2(55), 161\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21865\/RIDEP55.2.12","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Diagn\u00f3stico y Evaluaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"issue":"2","key":"754_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.17860\/mersinefd.359458","volume":"14","author":"M S\u0131rakaya","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u0131rakaya, M. (2018). Examination of associate students\u2019 nomophobia levels according to smart phone use. Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 14(2), 714\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17860\/mersinefd.359458","journal-title":"Mersin University Journal of the Faculty of Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"754_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.51248\/.v40i4.333","volume":"40","author":"V Sureka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sureka, V., Suma, S., Subramanian, S., Brinda, S., Bhagyashree, N., Ramya, K., & Ganesh, M. (2020). Prevalence of nomophobia and its association with stress, anxiety and depression among students. Biomedicine, 40(4), 522\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51248\/.v40i4.333","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"754_CR55","unstructured":"Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistic (5th ed.). Allyn and Bacon."},{"key":"754_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1265\/jjh.59.383","volume":"59","author":"M Toda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Toda, M., Monden, K., Kubo, K., & Morimoto, K. (2004). Cellular phone dependence tendency of female university students. Japanese Journal of Hygiene, 59, 383\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1265\/jjh.59.383","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Hygiene"},{"key":"754_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tran, D. (2016). Classifying nomophobia as smart-phone addiction disorder. UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal, 9(1). https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/0pq332g4","DOI":"10.5070\/M491033274"},{"key":"754_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/00049530903567229","volume":"62","author":"SP Walsh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Walsh, S. P., White, K. M., & Young, R. M. (2010). Needing to connect: The effect of self and others on young people\u2019s involvement with their mobile phones. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62, 194\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00049530903567229","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"754_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005","volume":"53","author":"JL Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Wang, L. H. (2015). The role of stress and motivation in problematic smartphone use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 181\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"754_CR60","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018). Adolescents: Health risks and solutions. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs345\/en\/"},{"key":"754_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112686","volume":"284","author":"J Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, J., Fu, X., Liao, X., & Li, Y. (2020). Association of problematic smartphone use with poor sleep quality, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 284, 112686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.112686","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"754_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2019.03.005","volume":"61","author":"M Yavuz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yavuz, M., Altan, B., Bayrak, B., G\u00fcnd\u00fcz, M., & Bolat, N. (2019). The relationships between nomophobia, alexithymia and metacognitive problems in an adolescent population. The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 61(3), 345\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24953\/turkjped.2019.03.005","journal-title":"The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"754_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.02.059","volume":"49","author":"C Yildrim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yildrim, C., & Correia, A. (2015). Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 130\u2013137.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"754_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666915599025","volume":"32","author":"C Yildirim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yildirim, C., Sumuer, E., Adnan, M., & Yildirim, S. (2016). A growing fear: Prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Information Development, 32(5), 1322\u20131331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0266666915599025","journal-title":"Information Development"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11469-022-00754-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11469-022-00754-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11469-022-00754-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:21:11Z","timestamp":1744197671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11469-022-00754-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-022-00754-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1557-1874","1557-1882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1557-1874","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-1882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}