{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:41:34Z","timestamp":1761007294230,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lipids"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mode of action of the lithium ion (Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) in the treatment of manic depression or bipolar illness is still under investigation, although this inorganic drug has been in clinical use for 50 yr. Several research reports have provided evidence for Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> competition in biomolecules. We carried out this study to characterize the interactions of Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> with red blood cell (RBC) membrane components to see whether Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> competition occurs. <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift measurements of the phospholipids extracted from the RBC membranes indicated that the anionic phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, bind Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> most strongly. From <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>Li relaxation measurements, the Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> binding constant to the phospholipid extract was found to be 45\u00b15M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Thus, these studies showed that the phospholipids play a major role in metal ion binding. <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>Li spin\u2010lattice relaxation measurements conducted on unsealed and cytoskeleton\u2010depleted RBC membrane in the presence of magnesium indicated that the removal of the cytoskeleton increases lithium binding to the more exposed anionic phospholipids (357\u00b124 M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) when compared to lithium binding in the unsealed RBC membrane (221\u00b121 M<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Therefore, it can be seen that the cytoskeleton does not play a major role in Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> binding or in Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> competition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-999-0474-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,13]],"date-time":"2006-11-13T13:58:09Z","timestamp":1163426289000},"page":"1211-1221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Competition between Li<sup>+<\/sup> and Mg<sup>2+<\/sup> for red blood cell membrane phospholipids: A <sup>31<\/sup>P, <sup>7<\/sup>Li, and <sup>6<\/sup>Li nuclear magnetic resonance study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Chandra","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Chemistry Loyola University Chicago 6525 N. Sheridan Rd. Chicago IL 60626"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Minadeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Chemistry Loyola University Chicago 6525 N. Sheridan Rd. Chicago IL 60626"}]},{"given":"Carlos F. G. C.","family":"Geraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Center of Neurosciences University of Coimbra Coimbra 3000 Portugal"}]},{"given":"Duarte Mota","family":"de Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Chemistry Loyola University Chicago 6525 N. Sheridan Rd. Chicago IL 60626"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(73)90327-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(87)90250-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00212a014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(93)81492-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Biochemistry of Lipids and Membranes","author":"Cullis P.R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Erythrocyte Membranes 3: Recent Clinical and Experimental Advances","author":"Schwartz 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