{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:10:09Z","timestamp":1777335009627,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade do Algarve"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Coast Conserv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sea level rise will be a major threat to coastal communities within the next century due to the intensity and severity of the floods it can cause. A new methodology considering water infiltration, slope, and hydraulic connectivity was developed to assess the potential inundation extension associated with different total water level and sea level rise scenarios on sandy coasts. This methodology was applied for the current conditions as well as 2050 and 2100 scenarios of storm surge and high tide levels with return periods of 1\u00a0year and 100\u00a0years. The study area is Culatra village, located on the lagoon side of a barrier island in southern Portugal. The effects of shoreline evolution after the construction of a harbor and associated beach nourishment were also evaluated within the inundation scenarios. The results show that, within the study area, total water level variations caused by sea level rise have a greater influence on the inundation extension than shoreline retreat. The village appears to be safe for the current and 2050 total water level scenarios with a 1-year return period but would be highly affected by 100-year return periods, especially from 2050 onwards. This novel approach represents an improvement on more common flood mapping methods such as the bathtub approach and can be easily applied to other backbarrier environments under sea level rise or facing coastal erosion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-023-00955-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T09:01:48Z","timestamp":1689584508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Flood vulnerability under sea level rise for a coastal community located in a backbarrier environment, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8729-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphaelle","family":"Croteau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8340-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"955_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2011.04.047","volume":"143\u2013144","author":"LP Almeida","year":"2012","unstructured":"Almeida LP, Vousdoukas MV, Ferreira \u00d3, Rodrigues BA, Matias A (2012) Thresholds for storm impacts on an exposed sandy coastal area in Southern Portugal. Geomorphology 143\u2013144:3\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geomorph.2011.04.047","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"5","key":"955_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/environments8050046","volume":"8","author":"AKM Al-Nasrawi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Nasrawi AKM, Kadhim AA, Shortridge AM, Jones BG (2021) Accounting for DEM error in sea level rise assessment within riverine regions; case study from the Shatt Al-Arab River Region. Environments 8(5):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/environments8050046","journal-title":"Environments"},{"key":"955_CR3","unstructured":"Andrade CA (1990) O Ambiante de Barreira da Ria Formosa, Algarve, Portugal [Ph.D Thesis]. Universidade de Lisboa"},{"issue":"3","key":"955_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse7030061","volume":"7","author":"C Antunes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antunes C (2019) Assessment of Sea Level Rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and Its Projection for the 21st Century. J Mar Sci Eng 7(3):61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse7030061","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"955_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences9050239","volume":"9","author":"C Antunes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antunes C, Rocha C, Catita C (2019) Coastal flood assessment due to sea level rise and extreme storm events: a case study of the Atlantic Coast of Portugal\u2019s Mainland. Geosciences 9(5):239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences9050239","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"955_CR6","first-page":"298","volume":"10","author":"G Barbaro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barbaro G, Foti G, Miduri M, Puntorieri P (2019) Shoreline changes caused by Marina of Badolato (Italy). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 10(7):298\u2013307","journal-title":"International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"955_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/08920753.2016.1160201","volume":"44","author":"DM Bilkovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bilkovic DM, Mitchell M, Mason P, Duhring K (2016) The role of living shorelines as estuarine habitat conservation strategies. Coast Manag 44(3):161\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08920753.2016.1160201","journal-title":"Coast Manag"},{"issue":"8","key":"955_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-014-0500-4","volume":"43","author":"B Blankespoor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Blankespoor B, Dasgupta S, Laplante B (2014) Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Wetlands. Ambio 43(8):996\u20131005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13280-014-0500-4","journal-title":"Ambio"},{"key":"955_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2018.07.017","volume":"163","author":"I Buchori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buchori I, Pramitasari A, Sugiri A, Maryono M, Basuki Y, Sejati AW (2018) Adaptation to coastal flooding and inundation: mitigations and migration pattern in Semarang City, Indonesia. Ocean Coast Manag 163:445\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2018.07.017","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"955_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2008.02.009","volume":"251","author":"AR Carrasco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carrasco AR, Ferreira \u00d3, Davidson M, Matias A, Dias JA (2008) An evolutionary categorisation model for backbarrier environments. Mar Geol 251(3\u20134):156\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.margeo.2008.02.009","journal-title":"Mar Geol"},{"key":"955_CR11","first-page":"173","volume":"1","author":"AR Carrasco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carrasco AR, Ferreira \u00d3, Freire P, Dias JA (2009) Morphological Changes in a Low-Energy Backbarrier. J Coastal Res 1:173\u2013177","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"key":"955_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-09-00163.1","volume":"277","author":"AR Carrasco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carrasco AR, Ferreira \u00d3, Matias A, Pacheco A, Freire P (2011) Short-Term Sediment Transport at a Backbarrier Beach. J Coastal Res 277:1076\u20131084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-09-00163.1","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"key":"955_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2012.03.001","volume":"159\u2013160","author":"AR Carrasco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carrasco AR, Ferreira \u00d3, Matias A, Freire P (2012) Natural and Human-induced Coastal Dynamics at a Back-Barrier Beach. Geomorphology 159\u2013160:30\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geomorph.2012.03.001","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"955_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.2112\/SI65-151.1","volume":"65","author":"AR Carrasco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carrasco AR, Ferreira \u00d3, Matias A (2013) Managing Flood Risk in Fetch-Limited Environments. J Coastal Res 65:892\u2013897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112\/SI65-151.1","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"key":"955_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148082","volume":"790","author":"AR Carrasco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carrasco AR, Kombiadou K, Amado M, Matias A (2021) Past and future marsh adaptation: Lessons learned from the Ria Formosa lagoon. Science of the Total Environment 790:148082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148082","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/2013EF000188","volume":"2","author":"A Cazenave","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cazenave A, Cozannet GL (2014) Sea level rise and its coastal impacts. Earth\u2019s Future 2(2):15\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2013EF000188","journal-title":"Earth\u2019s Future"},{"issue":"8","key":"955_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2010.06.004","volume":"53","author":"FR Ceia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ceia FR, Patr\u00edcio J, Marques JC, Dias JA (2010) Coastal Vulnerability in Barrier Islands: The High Risk Areas of the Ria Formosa (Portugal) System. Ocean Coast Manag 53(8):478\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2010.06.004","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"key":"955_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2015.05.015","volume":"118","author":"S Costas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costas S, Ferreira O, Martinez G (2015) Why do we decide to live with risk at the coast? Ocean Coast Manag 118:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2015.05.015","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"955_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-015-0403-y","volume":"19","author":"KS Davies-Vollum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davies-Vollum KS, West M (2015) Shoreline Change and Sea Level Rise at the Muni-Pomadze Coastal Wetland (Ramsar site) Ghana. J Coast Conserv 19(4):515\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11852-015-0403-y","journal-title":"J Coast Conserv"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2008.09.022","volume":"81","author":"O Defeo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Defeo O, McLachlan A, Schoeman DS, Schlacher TA, Dugan J, Jones A, Lastra M, Scapini F (2009) Threats to Sandy Beach Ecosystems: A Review. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 81(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2008.09.022","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"key":"955_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Didier D, Baudry J, Bernatchez P, Dumont D, Sadegh M, Bismuth E, Bandet M, Dugas S, S\u00e9vigny C (2019) Multihazard simulation for coastal flood mapping: Bathtub versus numerical modelling in an open estuary, Eastern Canada.\u00a0J Flood Risk Manag 12(S1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfr3.12505","DOI":"10.1111\/jfr3.12505"},{"key":"955_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102288","volume":"60","author":"RB Domingues","year":"2021","unstructured":"Domingues RB, Jesus SN, Ferreira \u00d3 (2021) Place Attachment, Risk Perception, and Preparedness in a Population Exposed to Coastal Hazards: A Case Study in Faro Beach, Southern Portugal. Int J Dis Risk Reduct 60:102288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2021.102288","journal-title":"Int J Dis Risk Reduct"},{"key":"955_CR23","unstructured":"Donnelly, C. (2008. Coastal overwash: processes and modelling [Ph.D Thesis]. Lund University"},{"key":"955_CR24","unstructured":"Donnelly C, Wamsley TV, Kraus NC, Larson M, Hanson H (2006) Morphologic Classification of Coastal Overwash. In: Proceedings 30th Coastal Engineering Conference"},{"issue":"13","key":"955_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4376","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2018.1457229","volume":"39","author":"CR Duarte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Duarte CR, de Miranda FP, Landau L, Souto MVS, Sabadia JAB, Neto C\u00c2 da S, Rodrigues LI de C, Damasceno AM (2018) Short-Time Analysis of Shoreline Based on RapidEye Satellite Images in the Terminal Area of Pec\u00e9m Port, Cear\u00e1, Brazil. Int J Remote Sens 39(13):4376\u20134389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01431161.2018.1457229","journal-title":"Int J Remote Sens"},{"key":"955_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2016.09.035","volume":"124","author":"HM El-Asmar","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Asmar HM, Taha MMN, El-Sorogy AS (2016) Morphodynamic Changes as an Impact of Human Intervention at the Ras El-Bar-Damietta Harbor coast, NW Damietta Promontory, Nile Delta, Egypt. J African Earth Sci 124:323\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2016.09.035","journal-title":"J African Earth Sci"},{"key":"955_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elliott M, Day JW, Ramachandran R, Wolanski E (2019) A synthesis: what is the future for coasts, estuaries, deltas and other transitional habitats in 2050 and beyond? In Coasts and Estuaries (pp. 1\u201328). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-814003-1.00001-0","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814003-1.00001-0"},{"key":"955_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"English E, Klink N, Turner S (2016) Thriving with water: Developments in amphibious architecture in North America. E3S Web of Conferences 7:13009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/e3sconf\/20160713009","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/20160713009"},{"key":"955_CR29","unstructured":"ESRI (2019) ArcGIS Desktop (10.8.0.12790) [Computer software]. ESRI Inc"},{"issue":"25","key":"955_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901297106","volume":"106","author":"RA Feagin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feagin RA, Lozada-Bernard SM, Ravens TM, M\u00f6ller I, Yeager KM, Baird AH (2009) Does Vegetation Prevent Wave Erosion of Salt Marsh Edges? Proc Natl Acad Sci 106(25):10109\u201310113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0901297106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"955_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferreira \u00d3, Matias A, Pacheco A (2016) The East Coast of Algarve: A Barrier Island Dominated Coast. Thalassas: Int J Mar Sci 32(2):75\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41208-016-0010-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41208-016-0010-1"},{"key":"955_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.478","volume":"657","author":"\u00d3 Ferreira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferreira \u00d3, Plomaritis TA, Costas S (2019) Effectiveness Assessment of Risk Reduction Measures at Coastal Areas Using a Decision Support System: Findings from Emma Storm. Sci Total Environ 657:124\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.11.478","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"955_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-021-04917-0","volume":"109","author":"\u00d3 Ferreira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferreira \u00d3, Kupfer S, Costas S (2021) Implications of Sea-Level Rise for Overwash Enhancement at South Portugal. Nat Hazards 109(3):2221\u20132239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-021-04917-0","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"955_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fox-Kemper B, Hewitt HT, Xiao C, A\u00f0algeirsd\u00f3ttir G, Drijfhout SS, Edwards TL, Golledge NR, Hemer M, Kopp  RE, Krinner G, Mix A, Notz D, Nowicki S, Nurhati IS, Ruiz L, Sall\u00e9e J-B, Slangen ABA, Yu Y (2021) Ocean,\ncryosphere and sea level change. In:\u00a0Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pirani A, Connors SL, P\u00e9an C, Berger S, Caud N, Chen Y, Goldfarb L, Gomis MI, Huang M, Leitzell K, Lonnoy E, Matthews JBR, Maycock TK, Waterfield T, Yelek\u00e7i O, Yu R, Zhou B (eds)\u00a0Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. contribution of working\ngroup I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press,\nCambridge and New York, NY, pp 1211\u20131362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781009157896.011","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-009-9463-3","volume":"54","author":"T Garcia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garcia T, Ferreira \u00d3, Matias A, Dias JA (2010) Overwash Vulnerability Assessment Based on Long-term Washover Evolution. Nat Hazards 54(2):225\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11069-009-9463-3","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"955_CR36","unstructured":"Garner GG, Hermans T, Kopp RE, Slangen ABA, Edwards TL, Levermann A, Nowikci S, Palmer MD, Smith C, Fox-Kemper B, Hewitt HT, Xiao C, A\u00f0algeirsd\u00f3ttir G, Drijfhout SS, Edwards TL, Golledge NR, Hemer M, Kopp RE, Krinner G, Mix A, Notz D, Nowicki S, Nurhati IS, Ruiz L, Sall\u00e9e J-B, Yu Y, Hua L, Palmer T, Pearson B (2021a) IPCC AR6 sea-level rise projections. Version 2021a0809. PO.DAAC, CA, USA. https:\/\/podaac.jpl.nasa.gov\/announcements\/2021-08-09-Sea-level-projections-from-the-IPCC-6th-Assessment-Report. Accessed 2021\u201312\u201303"},{"key":"955_CR37","unstructured":"Garner GG, Kopp RE, Hermans T, Slangen ABA, Koubbe G, Turilli M, Jha S, Edwards TL, Levermann A, Nowikci S, Palmer MD, Smith C (2021b) Framework for assessing changes to sea-level (FACTS). Geoscientific Model Development"},{"key":"955_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghaderi D, Rahbani M (2020) Detecting shoreline change employing remote sensing images (Case Study: Beris Port - East of Chabahar, Iran). International Journal of Coastal and Offshore Engineering 3(4):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29252\/ijcoe.3.4.1","DOI":"10.29252\/ijcoe.3.4.1"},{"issue":"5","key":"955_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2007.00752.x","volume":"21","author":"BS Halpern","year":"2007","unstructured":"Halpern BS, Selkoe KA, Micheli F, Kappel CV (2007) Evaluating and Ranking the Vulnerability of Global Marine Ecosystems to Anthropogenic Threats. Conserv Biol 21(5):1301\u20131315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2007.00752.x","journal-title":"Conserv Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3390\/su10020436","volume":"10","author":"D Herbert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herbert D, Astrom E, Bersoza A, Batzer A, McGovern P, Angelini C, Wasman S, Dix N, Sheremet A (2018) Mitigating Erosional Effects Induced by Boat Wakes with Living Shorelines. Sustainability 10(2):436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su10020436","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"955_CR41","unstructured":"Hidroprojecto (2005) Estudo de Impacto Ambiental do Projecto do Porto de Abrigo para a Pequena Pesca na Ilha da Culatra (Resumo N\u00e3o T\u00e9cnico 01.RP-I.004(1)), p 23"},{"key":"955_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Himmelstoss EA, Henderson RE, Kratzmann MG, Farris AS (2018) Digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) version 5.0 user guide: U.S. Geologial Survey Open-File Report, 2018\u20131179, p 110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/ofr20181179","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20181179"},{"key":"955_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.2112\/04-0353R.1","volume":"234","author":"T-W Hsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsu T-W, Lin T-Y, Tseng I-F (2007) Human Impact on Coastal Erosion in Taiwan. J Coastal Res 234:961\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112\/04-0353R.1","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"key":"955_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IPCC (2021) Summary for Policymakers. In:\u00a0Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pirani A, Connors SL, P\u00e9an C, Berger S, Caud N, Chen Y, Goldfarb L, Gomis MI, Huang M, Leitzell K, Lonnoy E, Matthews JBR, Maycock TK, Waterfield T, Yelek\u00e7i O, Yu R, Zhou B (eds) Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, NY p 3\u221232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781009157896.001","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009157896.001"},{"key":"955_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2112\/SI85-130.1","volume":"85","author":"K Kombiadou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kombiadou K, Matias A, Carrasco AR, Ferreira \u00d3, Costas S, Vieira G (2018) Towards Assessing the Resilience of Complex Coastal Systems: Examples from Ria Formosa (South Portugal). J Coastal Res 85:646\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112\/SI85-130.1","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"key":"955_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2019.07.006","volume":"343","author":"K Kombiadou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kombiadou K, Matias A, Ferreira \u00d3, Carrasco AR, Costas S, Plomaritis T (2019) Impacts of Human Interventions on the Evolution of the Ria Formosa Barrier Island System (S. Portugal). Geomorphology 343:129\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geomorph.2019.07.006","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12808-z","volume":"10","author":"SA Kulp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kulp SA, Strauss BH (2019) New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding. Nat Commun 10(1):4844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12808-z","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/01490419.2014.902884","volume":"37","author":"X Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li X, Grady CJ, Peterson AT (2014) Delineating Sea Level Rise Inundation Using a Graph Traversal Algorithm. Mar Geodesy 37(2):267\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01490419.2014.902884","journal-title":"Mar Geodesy"},{"key":"955_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.01.014","volume":"155","author":"K-H Liao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liao K-H, Le TA, Nguyen KV (2016) Urban design principles for flood resilience: Learning from the ecological wisdom of living with floods in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Landsc Urban Plan 155:69\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.01.014","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"955_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8083","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12122-7","volume":"12","author":"CL Lopes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lopes CL, Sousa MC, Ribeiro A, Pereira H, Pinheiro JP, Vaz L, Dias JM (2022) Evaluation of Future Estuarine Floods in a Sea Level Rise Context. Sci Rep 12:8083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-12122-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-17-00209.1","volume":"35","author":"CR Mattheus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mattheus CR, Diggins TP (2019) Geomorphology of a Harbor-Breakwater Beach along a High Sand-Supply, Wave-Dominated Great Lakes Littoral Cell. J Coastal Res 35(1):41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-17-00209.1","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-020-00791-3","volume":"25","author":"S Nave","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nave S, Reb\u00ealo L (2021) Coastline Evolution of the Portuguese South Eastern Coast: A High-Resolution Approach in a 65 Years\u2019 Time-Window. J Coast Conserv 25(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11852-020-00791-3","journal-title":"J Coast Conserv"},{"issue":"3","key":"955_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0118571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118571","volume":"10","author":"B Neumann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neumann B, Vafeidis AT, Zimmermann J, Nicholls RJ (2015) Future Coastal Population Growth and Exposure to Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Flooding\u2014A Global Assessment. PLOS ONE 10(3):e0118571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118571","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"955_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-12-4013-2019","volume":"12","author":"JH Nienhuis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nienhuis JH, Lorenzo-Trueba J (2019) Simulating Barrier Island Response to Sea Level Rise with the Barrier Island and Inlet Environment (BRIE) Model v1.0. Geophysical Research Letters 12(9):4013\u20134030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-12-4013-2019","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"955_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2007.07.003","volume":"247","author":"A Pacheco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pacheco A, Vila-Concejo A, Ferreira \u00d3, Dias JA (2008) Assessment of Tidal Inlet Evolution and Stability Using Sediment Budget Computations and Hydraulic Parameter Analysis. Mar Geol 247(1\u20132):104\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.margeo.2007.07.003","journal-title":"Mar Geol"},{"issue":"13","key":"955_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.2193","volume":"36","author":"A Pacheco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pacheco A, Ferreira \u00d3, Williams JJ (2011) Long-Term Morphological Impacts of the Opening of a New Inlet on a Multiple Inlet System. Earth Surf Proc Land 36(13):1726\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/esp.2193","journal-title":"Earth Surf Proc Land"},{"key":"955_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2021.11.115","volume":"184","author":"A Pacheco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pacheco A, Monteiro J, Santos J, Sequeira C, Nunes J (2021) Energy Transition Process and Community Engagement on Geographic Islands: The Case of Culatra Island (Ria Formosa, Portugal). Renew Energy 184:700\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.renene.2021.11.115","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-16-181-2016","volume":"16","author":"L Perini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perini L, Calabrese L, Salerno G, Ciavola P, Armaroli C (2016) Evaluation of Coastal Vulnerability to Flooding: Comparison of Two Different Methodologies Adopted by the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy). Nat Hazard 16(1):181\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-16-181-2016","journal-title":"Nat Hazard"},{"key":"955_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2017.02.004","volume":"142","author":"MD Pickering","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pickering MD, Horsburgh KJ, Blundell JR, Hirschi JJ-M, Nicholls RJ, Verlaan M, Wells NC (2017) The Impact of Future Sea-Level Rise on the Global Tides. Cont Shelf Res 142:50\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csr.2017.02.004","journal-title":"Cont Shelf Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR60","first-page":"239","volume":"5","author":"OH Pilkey","year":"1989","unstructured":"Pilkey OH, Monteiro JH, Dias JMA, Neal WJ (1989) Algarve Barrier Islands: A Noncoastal-Plain System in Portugal. J Coastal Res 5(2):239\u2013261","journal-title":"J Coastal Res"},{"key":"955_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2017.09.003","volume":"134","author":"TA Plomaritis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Plomaritis TA, Ferreira \u00d3, Costas S (2018) Regional Assessment of Storm Related Overwash and Breaching Hazards on Coastal Barriers. Coast Eng 134:124\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2017.09.003","journal-title":"Coast Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810701371858","volume":"22","author":"B Poulter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Poulter B, Halpin PN (2008) Raster Modelling of Coastal Flooding from Sea-level Rise. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 22(2):167\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658810701371858","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"955_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Proverbs D, Lamond J (2017) Flood resilient construction and adaptation of buildings. In: Proverbs D, Lamond J (eds) Oxford research encyclopedia of natural hazard science. Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199389407.013.111","DOI":"10.1093\/acrefore\/9780199389407.013.111"},{"key":"955_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2016.05.003","volume":"130","author":"M Prumm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prumm M, Iglesias G (2016) Impacts of port development on estuarine morphodynamics: Ribadeo(Spain). Ocean Coast Manag 130:58\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2016.05.003","journal-title":"Ocean Coast Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joes.2020.04.002","volume":"6","author":"F Sakhaee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakhaee F, Khalili F (2021) Sediment pattern & rate of bathymetric changes due to construction of breakwater extension at Nowshahr port. J Ocean Eng Sci 6(1):70\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joes.2020.04.002","journal-title":"J Ocean Eng Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"955_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2005.06.018","volume":"65","author":"P Salles","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salles P, Voulgaris G, Aubrey DG (2005) Contribution of Nonlinear Mechanisms in the Persistence of Multiple Tidal Inlet Systems. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 65(3):475\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecss.2005.06.018","journal-title":"Estuar Coast Shelf Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"955_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-15-2331-2015","volume":"15","author":"I Sekovski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sekovski I, Armaroli C, Calabrese L, Mancini F, Stecchi F, Perini L (2015) Coupling Scenarios of Urban Growth and Flood Hazards Along the Emilia-Romagna Coast (Italy). Nat Hazard 15(10):2331\u20132346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-15-2331-2015","journal-title":"Nat Hazard"},{"key":"955_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.02.003","volume":"90","author":"S Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma S, Goff J, Cebrian J, Ferraro C (2016) A hybrid shoreline stabilization technique: Impact of modified intertidal reefs on marsh expansion and nekton habitat in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Ecol Eng 90:352\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2016.02.003","journal-title":"Ecol Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"955_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/1064119X.2017.1278809","volume":"36","author":"J Shenghui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shenghui J, Rijun H, Xiuli F, Longhai Z, Wei Z, Aijiang L (2018) Influence of the construction of the Yantai West Port on the dynamic sedimentary environment. Mar Georesour Geotechnol 36(1):43\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1064119X.2017.1278809","journal-title":"Mar Georesour Geotechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"955_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse9121430","volume":"9","author":"F Silveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silveira F, Lopes CL, Pinheiro JP, Pereira H, Dias JM (2021) Coastal floods induced by mean sea level rise\u2014ecological and socioeconomic impacts on a Mesotidal Lagoon. J Mar Sci Eng 9(12):1430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jmse9121430","journal-title":"J Mar Sci Eng"},{"key":"955_CR71","unstructured":"Sistema Nacional de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Geogr\u00e1fica (2011) Modelo Digital do Terreno (Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o 2 m) - Zonas Costeiras de Portugal Continental - 2011. https:\/\/dados.gov.pt\/en\/datasets\/modelo-digital-do-terreno-resolucao-2-m-zonas-costeiras-de-portugal-continental-2011\/#_"},{"key":"955_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song H, Kuang C, Liang H, Xie H (2017) Impacts of Construction of Harbor Projects on Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Environments in the Southwest of Bohai Bay. Journal of Tongji University, 45(4), 511\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11908\/j.issn.0253-374x.2017.04.008","DOI":"10.11908\/j.issn.0253-374x.2017.04.008"},{"issue":"8","key":"955_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081424","volume":"13","author":"L Terres de Lima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terres de Lima L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez S, Gon\u00e7alves JF, Magalh\u00e3es Filho L, Bernardes C (2021) Development of Tools for Coastal Management in Google Earth Engine: Uncertainty Bathtub Model and Bruun Rule. Remote Sens 13(8):1424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13081424","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"955_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-016-3019-5","volume":"47","author":"MI Vousdoukas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vousdoukas MI, Voukouvalas E, Annunziato A, Giardino A, Feyen L (2016) Projections of Extreme Storm Surge Levels Along Europe. Clim Dyn 47(9\u201310):3171\u20133190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00382-016-3019-5","journal-title":"Clim Dyn"},{"key":"955_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Waltham NJ, Alcott C, Barbeau MA, Cebrian J, Connolly RM, Deegan LA, Dodds K, Goodridge Gaines LA, Gilby BL, Henderson CJ, McLuckie CM, Minello TJ, Norris GS, Ollerhead J, Pahl J, Reinhardt JF, Rezek RJ, Simenstad CA, Smith JAM, \u2026 Weinstein MP (2021) Tidal Marsh Restoration Optimism in a Changing Climate and Urbanizing Seascape. Estuaries and Coasts, 44(6), 1681\u20131690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12237-020-00875-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-020-00875-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-020-00735-x","volume":"24","author":"LL Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams LL, L\u00fcck-Vogel M (2020) Comparative assessment of the GIS based bathtub model and an enhanced bathtub model for coastal inundation. J Coast Conserv 24(2):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11852-020-00735-x","journal-title":"J Coast Conserv"},{"key":"955_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yincan Y (2017) Chapter 7 - coastal erosion. In Marine Geo-Hazards in China. Elsevier, pp 269\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-812726-1.00007-3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812726-1.00007-3"},{"issue":"2","key":"955_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wse.2021.07.002","volume":"15","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Liang M, Chen L, Xu M, Chen X, Geng L, Li H, Serrano D, Zhang H, Gong Z, Zhang C (2022) Processes, feedbacks, and morphodynamic evolution of tidal flat\u2013marsh systems: progress and challenges. Water Sci Eng 15(2):89\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wse.2021.07.002","journal-title":"Water Sci Eng"}],"container-title":["Journal of Coastal Conservation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11852-023-00955-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11852-023-00955-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11852-023-00955-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T09:34:01Z","timestamp":1692783241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11852-023-00955-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11852-023-00955-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1400-0350","1874-7841"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1400-0350","type":"print"},{"value":"1874-7841","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"28"}}