{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T02:29:18Z","timestamp":1767493758927,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Coast Conserv"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11852-025-01160-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:13:00Z","timestamp":1765278780000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geospatial modelling for sinkhole hazard in the coastal area of Safi, Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Fatima El","family":"Bchari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdessamad","family":"Charif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Chaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abdellah","family":"Khouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Halima Ait","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1160_CR1","first-page":"1477","volume":"53","author":"A Akgun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Akgun A, Dag S, Bulut F, Durmaz S (2007) Landslide susceptibility mapping for a landslide-prone area (Findikli, NE of Turkey) by likelihood-frequency ratio and weighted linear combination models. Environ Geol 53(8):1477\u20131486","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"key":"1160_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053832","volume":"8","author":"MD Aurit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aurit MD, Paterson RO, Blanford JI (2013) A GIS analysis of the relationship between sinkholes, dry-well complaints and groundwater pumping for frost-freeze protection of winter strawberry production in Florida. PLoS ONE 8:1\u20139","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1160_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-013-2297-z","volume":"70","author":"A Basso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Basso A, Bruno E, Parise M, Pepe M (2013) 2013) Morphometric analysis of sinkholes in a karst coastal area of southern Apulia (Italy. Environ Earth Sci 70:2545\u20132559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-013-2297-z","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1160_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2009.12.002","volume":"35","author":"M Bednarik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bednarik M, Magulova B, Matys M, Marschalko M (2010) Landslide susceptibility assessment of the Kralovany-Liptovsky Mikulas railway case study. Phys Chem Earth 35:162\u2013171","journal-title":"Phys Chem Earth"},{"key":"1160_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enggeo.2007.11.020","volume":"99","author":"R Brinkmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brinkmann R, Parise M, Dye D (2008) Sinkhole distribution in a rapidly developing urban environment: Hillsborough County, Tampa Bay area, Florida. Eng Geol 99:169\u2013184","journal-title":"Eng Geol"},{"key":"1160_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/17445647.2015.1014939","volume":"12","author":"G Ciotoli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ciotoli G, Di Loreto E, Finoia M, Liperi L, Meloni F, Nisio S, Sericola A (2016) Sinkhole susceptibility, Lazio Region, central Italy. J Maps 12:287\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17445647.2015.1014939","journal-title":"J Maps"},{"issue":"11","key":"1160_CR7","first-page":"1639","volume":"10","author":"A Constantin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Constantin A, T\u0103mas T, Kacsoh D (2011) Environmental problems in karst areas. Environ Eng Manag J 10(11):1639\u20131645","journal-title":"Environ Eng Manag J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1160_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-014-3415-2","volume":"72","author":"T Demir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Demir T, Aytek A, Gokceoglu C (2014) A new approach to estimate slope instability: the case of quarry slopes in the carbonate rocks of the Antalya complex, SW Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 72(6):1993\u20132008","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1160_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai J, Lei M, Liu W, Tang S, Lai S (2008) An assessment of karst collapse hazards in Guilin, Guangxi Province, China. In:Yuhr LB., Alexander CE Jr, Beck BF, (eds.) Sinkholes and the engineering and environmental impacts of karst (Geotechnical Special Publication No. 183) ASCE, pp 156\u2013164","DOI":"10.1061\/41003(327)16"},{"key":"1160_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2010.09.014","volume":"40","author":"U Dogan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dogan U, Yilmaz M (2011) Natural and induced sinkholes of the Obruk Plateau andKarapinar\u2013Hotamis Plain, Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci 40:496\u2013508","journal-title":"J Asian Earth Sci"},{"key":"1160_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-009-9356-5","volume":"50","author":"F Falaschi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falaschi F, Giacomelli F, Federici PR, Puccinelli A, D\u2019Amato AG, Pochini A, Ribolini A (2009) Logistic regression versus artificial neural networks: landslide susceptibility evaluation in a sample area of the Serchio River valley, Italy. Nat Hazards 50:551\u2013569","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"1160_CR12","unstructured":"Ferr\u00e9 M, et Ruhard JP (1975) Ressources en eau t2 (plaines et bassins du Maroc Atlantique); les bassins des Abda-Doukkala et du Sahel d\u2019Azemmour \u00e0 Safi. Notes m\u00e9m. Serv. g\u00e9ol. Maroc, n\u00b0231"},{"key":"1160_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118684986","volume-title":"Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology","author":"DC Ford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ford DC, Williams P (2007) Karst hydrogeology and geomorphology. John Wiley, Chichester, p 562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118684986"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1160_CR14","first-page":"154","volume":"105","author":"JP Galve","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galve JP, Remondo J, Guti\u00e9rrez F, Lucha P, Bonachea J (2009) Morphometric and morphogenesis characterization of sinkholes developed on evaporite rocks. Geomorphology 105(1\u20132):154\u2013164","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1160_CR15","first-page":"135","volume":"9","author":"Y Gao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gao Y, Alexander EC (2003) Spatial analysis of sinkhole density using GIS and kernel density estimation. Environ Eng Geosci 9(2):135\u2013143","journal-title":"Environ Eng Geosci"},{"key":"1160_CR16","unstructured":"Gigout M (1951) Etudes geologiques sur la M\u00e9se\u00e9ta marocaine occidentale (Arri\u00e9re-pays de Casablanca, Mazagan et Safi). Imprimerie Maroc-Matin, p 507."},{"key":"1160_CR17","volume-title":"Carte g\u00e9ologique de la M\u00e9s\u00e9ta entre Mechr\u00e2 Ben\u00e2bbou et Safi (Abda","author":"M Gigout","year":"1954","unstructured":"Gigout M (1954) Carte g\u00e9ologique de la M\u00e9s\u00e9ta entre Mechr\u00e2 Ben\u00e2bbou et Safi (Abda. Service g\u00e9ologique du Maroc, Institut g\u00e9ographique national, Maroc, Doukkala et Massif des Rehamna)"},{"key":"1160_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203381137","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of geomorphology","author":"A Goudie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goudie A (2013) Encyclopedia of geomorphology. Routledge"},{"key":"1160_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-007-0721-y","volume":"53","author":"F Gutie\u00e9rrez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Calaforra JM, Cardona F, Ort\u0131 F, Duran JJ, Garay P (2008a) Geological and environmental implications of evaporite karst in Spain. Env Geol 53:951\u2013965","journal-title":"Env Geol"},{"key":"1160_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2014.08.002","volume":"138","author":"F Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Parise M, De Waele J, Jourde H (2014) A review on natural and human-induced geohazards and impacts in karst. Earth Sci Rev 138:61\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earscirev.2014.08.002","journal-title":"Earth Sci Rev"},{"key":"1160_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-007-0728-4","volume":"53","author":"F Gutie\u00e9rrez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Cooper AH, Johnson KS (2008b) Identification, prediction and mitigation of sinkhole hazards in evaporite karst areas. Env Geol 53:1007\u20131022","journal-title":"Env Geol"},{"key":"1160_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-007-0727-5","volume":"53","author":"F Gutie\u00e9rrez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Guerrero J, Lucha P (2008c) A genetic classification of sinkholes illustrated from the Ebro valley evaporite alluvial karst (NE Spain). Env Geol 53:993\u20131006","journal-title":"Env Geol"},{"key":"1160_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-007-9161-y","volume":"45","author":"F Gutie\u00e9rrez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Guerrero J, Lucha P (2008d) Quantitative sinkhole hazard assessment: a case study from the Ebro valley evaporite karst (NE Spain). Nat Hazards 45:211\u2013233","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"6","key":"1160_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/esp.1456","volume":"32","author":"F Gutierrez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Galve JP, Guerrero J, Lucha P, Cendrero A, Remondo J, Bonachea J, Gutierrez M, Sanchez JA (2007) The origin, typology, spatial distribution and detrimental effects of the sinkholes developed in the alluvial evaporite karst of the Ebro River valley downstream of Zaragoza city (NE Spain). Earth Surf Process Landforms 32(6):912\u2013928","journal-title":"Earth Surf Process Landforms"},{"key":"1160_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-008-1590-8","volume":"58","author":"F Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Galve JP, Lucha P, Bonachea J, Jorda\u00b4 L, Jorda R (2009) Investigation of a large collapse sinkhole affecting a multi-storey building by means of geophysics and the trenching technique (Zaragoza city, NE Spain). Environ Geol 58:1107\u20131122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00254-008-1590-8","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"key":"1160_CR26","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez F, Cardona F, Calaforra JM, Dur\u00e1n JJ, Garay P (2005) Geological and environmental implications of evaporite karst in Spain. Abstracts of the 6th International Conference on Geomorphology, Zaragoza (Spain)"},{"key":"1160_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(99)00078-1","volume":"31","author":"F Guzzetti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Guzzetti F, Carrara A, Cardinali M, Reichenbach P (1999) Landslide hazard evaluation: a review of current techniques and their application in a multi\u2013scale study, Central Italy. Geomorphology 31:181\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-555X(99)00078-1","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"1160_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jappgeo.2014.10.011","volume":"111","author":"G Kaufmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaufmann G (2014) Geophysical mapping of solution and collapse sinkholes. J Appl Geophys 111:271\u2013288","journal-title":"J Appl Geophys"},{"key":"1160_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-22-3793-2022","volume":"22","author":"A Khouz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khouz A, Trindade J, Oliveira S, El Bchari F, Bougadir B, Ricardo GR, Jadoud M (2022) Landslide susceptibility assessment in rocky coast subsystem of Essaouira coastal area \u2013 Morocco. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 22:3793\u20133814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-22-3793-2022","journal-title":"Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci"},{"key":"1160_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122070","author":"M Kobal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kobal M, Bertoncelj I, Pirotti F, Dakskobler I, Kutnar L (2015) Using lidar data to analyse sinkhole characteristics relevant for understory vegetation under forest cover\u2014case study of a high karst area in the Dinaric Mountains. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122070","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1160_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2005.07.005","volume":"74","author":"MA Komac","year":"2006","unstructured":"Komac MA (2006) Landslide susceptibility model using the analytical hierarchy process method and multivariate statistics in perialpine Slovenia. Geomorphology 74:17\u201328","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1160_CR32","first-page":"6","volume":"3","author":"YA Laaziz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laaziz YA, Souhel A, Laylman M, Elaabasi M, El Bchari F (2016) Geospatial modeling for karstic collapse probability map in the Doukkala basin (Morocco). Arab J Geosci 3(2):6\u201316","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1160_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-007-0895-3","volume":"54","author":"MT Lamelas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lamelas MT, Marinoni O, Hoppe A, De La Riva J (2008) Doline probability map using logistic regression and GIS technology in the central Ebro Basin (Spain). Environ Geol 54(5):963\u2013977","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-006-0047-y","volume":"4","author":"S Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee S, Pradhan B (2007) Landslide hazard mapping at Selangor, Malaysia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models. Landslides 4(1):33\u201341","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"issue":"7","key":"1160_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-005-1228-z","volume":"47","author":"S Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee S, Talib JA (2005) Probabilistic landslide susceptibility and factor effect analysis. Environ Geol 47(7):982\u2013990","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"key":"1160_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"27","author":"A Michard","year":"1976","unstructured":"Michard A (1976) Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des karsts du Maroc atlantique. Travaux De L\u2019institut Scientifique Ch\u00e9rifien, S\u00e9rie G\u00e9ologie Et G\u00e9ographie Physique 27:1\u201379","journal-title":"Travaux De L'institut Scientifique Ch\u00e9rifien, S\u00e9rie G\u00e9ologie Et G\u00e9ographie Physique"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-012-0376-1","volume":"65","author":"M Mondal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mondal M, Maiti R (2013) Landslide susceptibility analysis in Darjeeling Himalayas of India: a GIS-based statistical approach. Nat Hazards 65(1):443\u2013460","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"1160_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2010.12.027","volume":"399","author":"H Oh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oh H, Kim J-K, Lee S (2011) Gis mapping of regional probabilistic groundwater potential in the area of Pohang city, Korea. J Hydrol 399:158\u2013172","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"1160_CR39","first-page":"40","volume":"2008","author":"M Ouadia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ouadia M, Aberkan M, Boualla O (2008) The karstificationmarvels and the risks in the Plioquaternary formations of the inshore zone of the Doukkala-Abda (Morocco) Actes RQM4. Oujda 2008:40\u201348","journal-title":"Oujda"},{"issue":"2015","key":"1160_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2015.08.059","volume":"15","author":"A Ozdemir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ozdemir A (2015) Sinkhole susceptibility mapping using a frequency ratio method and GIS technology near Karapinar, Konya Turky. Procedia Earth Planet Sci 15(2015):502\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeps.2015.08.059","journal-title":"Procedia Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1160_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2113\/JEEG17.2.75","volume":"17","author":"JG Paine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paine JG, Buckley SM, Collins EW, Wilson CR (2012) Assessing collapse risk in evaporite sinkhole-prone areas using microgravimetry and radar interferometry. Jeeg 17:75\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2113\/JEEG17.2.75","journal-title":"Jeeg"},{"key":"1160_CR42","unstructured":"Parise M (2010) Hazards in karst, in Sustainability of the Karst Eenvironment: Dinaric Karst and Other Karst Regions, Bonacci, O., ed., IHP-VII UNESCO, Series on Groundwater. 2:155\u2212162."},{"key":"1160_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-012-1842-5","volume":"68","author":"S Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park S, Choi C, Kim B, Kim J (2012) Landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio, analytic hierarchy process, logistic regression, and artificial neural network methods at the Inje area. Korea Environ Earth Sci 68:1443\u20131464","journal-title":"Korea Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1160_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-012-0217-2","volume":"63","author":"HR Pourghasemi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pourghasemi HR, Pradhan B, Gokceoglu C (2012) Application of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran. Nat Hazards 63:965\u2013996","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"1160_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-013-0728-5","volume":"69","author":"HR Pourghasemi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pourghasemi HR, Moradi HR, Fatemi Aghda SM (2013) Landslide susceptibility mapping by binary logistic regression, analytical hierarchy process, and statistical index models and assessment of their performances. Nat Hazards 69:749\u2013779","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"issue":"2","key":"1160_CR46","volume":"78","author":"A Praveen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Praveen A, Janardhana MR, Gowtham S, Sajinkumar KS (2019) Delineation of sinkhole-prone areas using frequency ratio, analytic hierarchy process, and geographical information system techniques. Environ Earth Sci 78(2):67","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR47","first-page":"421","volume":"61","author":"F Reis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reis F, Oliveira R, Ribeiro A, Lobo A (2012) Landslide susceptibility analysis using GIS and multivariate statistical analysis: a case study from the area north of Lisbon (Portugal). Nat Hazards 61(1):421\u2013435","journal-title":"Nat Hazards"},{"key":"1160_CR48","first-page":"209","volume":"70","author":"P Renault","year":"1970","unstructured":"Renault P (1970) Le karst du Jebel Ouarkziz (Sahara Atlantique). Sp\u00e9l\u00e9o-Club De Paris, Bulletin 70:209\u2013216","journal-title":"Sp\u00e9l\u00e9o-Club De Paris, Bulletin"},{"key":"1160_CR49","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"A Roch","year":"1950","unstructured":"Roch A (1950) Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude g\u00e9omorphologique des karsts marocains. Travaux De L\u2019institut Scientifique Ch\u00e9rifien, S\u00e9rie G\u00e9ologie Et G\u00e9ographie Physique 2:1\u2013246","journal-title":"Travaux De L'institut Scientifique Ch\u00e9rifien, S\u00e9rie G\u00e9ologie Et G\u00e9ographie Physique"},{"key":"1160_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2496(77)90033-5","volume":"15","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1977","unstructured":"Saaty TL (1977) A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. J Math Psychol 15:234\u2013281","journal-title":"J Math Psychol"},{"key":"1160_CR51","volume-title":"Multicriteria Decision Making","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1980","unstructured":"Saaty TL (1980) Multicriteria Decision Making. The Analytic Hierarchy Process, McGrawHill, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(90)90057-I","volume":"48","author":"TL Saaty","year":"1990","unstructured":"Saaty TL (1990) How to make a decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Eur J Oper Res 48(1):9\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0377-2217(90)90057-I","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1160_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s11053-019-09516-2","volume":"29","author":"K Taheri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taheri K, Thomas M, Missimer TM, Moayedi H, Mohseni F (2020) Critical Zone Assessments of an Alluvial Aquifer System Using the Multi-influencing Factor (MIF) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Models in Western Iran. Nat Resources Res 29:1163\u20131191","journal-title":"Nat Resources Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1160_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.3255","volume":"30","author":"K Taheri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taheri K, Shahabi H, Chapi K, Shirzadi A, Guti\u00e9rrez F, Khosravi K (2019) Sinkhole susceptibility mapping: A comparison between Bayes-based machine learning algorithms 30(7):730\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ldr.3255","journal-title":"Sinkhole susceptibility mapping: A comparison between Bayes-based machine learning algorithms"},{"issue":"7","key":"1160_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-011-1397-x","volume":"66","author":"LN Thanh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thanh LN, De Smedt F (2012) Application of an analytical hierarchical process approach for landslide susceptibility mapping in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue Province. Vietnam. Environ Earth Sci 66(7):1739\u20131752","journal-title":"Vietnam. Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1160_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/geosciences4020050","volume":"4","author":"B Theilen-Willige","year":"2014","unstructured":"Theilen-Willige B, Ait Malek H, Charif A, El Bchari F, Chaibi M (2014) Remote sensing and GIS contribution to the investigation of karst landscapes in NW-Morocco. Geosciences 4:50\u201372","journal-title":"Geosciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1160_CR57","first-page":"1111","volume":"64","author":"CM Tzeng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tzeng CM, Huang CC (2011) Application of the integrated model in sinkhole hazard mapping: a case study of Tainan City, Taiwan. Environ Earth Sci 64(4):1111\u20131121","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1160_CR58","first-page":"247","volume":"5","author":"Z Umar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Umar Z, Khan KS, Haris MM, Shafique M (2014) GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio and analytical hierarchy methods in Muzaffarabad district, Kashmir, Pakistan. Geomat Nat Haz Risk 5(3):247\u2013263","journal-title":"Geomat Nat Haz Risk"},{"key":"1160_CR59","volume-title":"Multicriteria evaluation for urban and regional planning","author":"H Voogd","year":"1983","unstructured":"Voogd H (1983) Multicriteria evaluation for urban and regional planning. Elsevier"},{"key":"1160_CR60","unstructured":"Waltham T., Bell, F. & Culshaw M. (2005). Sinkholes and Subsidence \u2014 Karst and Cavernous Rocks in Engineering and Construction. Praxis Publishing, Springer, p 335"},{"key":"1160_CR61","volume-title":"Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Sinkholes and Subsidence","author":"RV Whitman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Whitman RV, BellG Culshaw MG (1999) Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Sinkholes and Subsidence. Thomas Telford, London"},{"issue":"4","key":"1160_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/02723646.2017.1294522","volume":"38","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Q, Li W (2017) A GIS-based comparative evaluation of analytical hierarchy process and frequency ratio models for landslide susceptibility mapping. Phys Geogr 38(4):318\u2013337","journal-title":"Phys Geogr"},{"key":"1160_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-016-5580-y","volume":"75","author":"QQ Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang QQ, Li WP, Yan SS, Wu YL, Pei YB (2016) Gis based frequency ratio and index of entropy models to landslide susceptibility mapping (Daguan, China). Environ Earth Sci 75:780","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3406\/karst.1987.2155","volume":"9","author":"A Weisrock","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weisrock A, Lunski S (1987) Le karst post-plioc\u00e8ne de la r\u00e9gion de Safi (Maroc atlantique). Karstologia\u202f: Revue De Karstologie Et De Sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologie Physique 9(1):31\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3406\/karst.1987.2155","journal-title":"Karstologia : Revue De Karstologie Et De Sp\u00e9l\u00e9ologie Physique"},{"issue":"2","key":"1160_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.007","volume":"209","author":"X Ying","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ying X, Zeng G-M, Chen GQ, Tang L, Wang K-L, Huang D-Y (2007) Combining AHP with GIS in synthetic evaluation of eco-environment quality \u2014 A case study of Hunan Province. China. Ecol Model 209(2):97\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2007.06.007","journal-title":"China. Ecol Model"},{"key":"1160_CR66","unstructured":"Witam O (1988) \u00c9tude stratigraphique et s\u00e9dimentologique de la s\u00e9rie m\u00e9sozo\u00efque du bassin de Safi. Th\u00e8se de 3\u00e8me cycle. Universit\u00e9 Cadi Ayyad de Marrakech 212"},{"issue":"3","key":"1160_CR67","volume":"75","author":"SZ Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu SZ and Wu YT (2016) Slope failure susceptibility analysis using GIS-based statistical models: a case study of the Chuoshui River basin, Taiwan. Environ Earth Sci 75(3):202","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1160_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2007.01.003","volume":"72","author":"A Yalcin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yalcin A (2008) Gis-based landslide susceptibility mapping using analytical hierarchy process and bivariate statistics in Ardesen Author\u2019s personal copymodeling Earth Systems and Environment 1 3 (Turkey): comparisons of results and confirmations. CATENA 72(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1160_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2011.01.014","volume":"85","author":"A Yalcin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yalcin A, Reis S, Aydinoglu AC, Yomralioglu T (2011) A GIS-based comparative study of frequency ratio, analytical hierarchy process, bivariate statistics and logistics regression methods for landslide susceptibility mapping in Trabzon, NE Turkey. CATENA 85(3):274\u2013287","journal-title":"CATENA"},{"issue":"6","key":"1160_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2008.08.007","volume":"35","author":"I Yilmaz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yilmaz I (2009) Landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio, logistic regression, artificial neural networks and their comparison: a case study from Kat landslides (Tokat\u2014Turkey). Comput Geosci 35(6):1125\u20131138","journal-title":"Comput Geosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1160_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-007-1035-9","volume":"55","author":"W Zhou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhou W, Beck BF (2008) Management and mitigation of sinkholes on karst lands: an overview of practical applications. Environ Geol 55(4):837\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00254-007-1035-9","journal-title":"Environ Geol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Coastal Conservation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11852-025-01160-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11852-025-01160-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11852-025-01160-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T02:24:29Z","timestamp":1767493469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11852-025-01160-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11852-025-01160-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1400-0350","1874-7841"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1400-0350"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1874-7841"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"91"}}