{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T22:33:57Z","timestamp":1776465237869,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007689","name":"Universidade de Aveiro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Air Qual Atmos Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-026-01882-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T10:02:19Z","timestamp":1769680939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatial clustering in air quality data accuracy: assessment of low-cost sensors in Lisbon using a novel correlation-distance index"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3608-2506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sina","family":"Ataee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad Vahidi","family":"Borji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helder","family":"Relvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1882_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.101","volume":"2","author":"H Abdi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abdi H, Williams LJ (2010) Principal component analysis. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Comput Stat 2(4):433\u2013459","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Comput Stat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1882_CR2","first-page":"425","volume":"11","author":"H Abdolabadi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdolabadi H, Khosravian E (2025) Improving the lifetime of wireless sensor networks for air quality monitoring using metaheuristic algorithms. Pollution 11(2):425\u2013439","journal-title":"Pollution"},{"key":"1882_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam R, Srivastava A, Patel HD (2025) Categorical variable analyses: chi-square, fisher exact, and Mantel\u2013Haenszel. Translational urology. Elsevier, pp 115\u2013120","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-90186-4.00035-3"},{"key":"1882_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ant\u00f3nio Tened\u00f3rio J, Rocha J (2018) Introductory Chapter: Spatial Analysis, Modelling, and Planning. In Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Planning. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.81049","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.81049"},{"key":"1882_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00891","author":"JS Apte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Apte JS, Messier KP, Gani S, Brauer M, Kirchstetter TW, Lunden MM, Marshall JD, Portier CJ, Vermeulen RCH, Hamburg SP (2017) High-resolution air pollution mapping with Google street view cars: exploiting big data. Environ Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.7b00891","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"1882_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2025.102340","volume":"60","author":"S Ataee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ataee S, Lopes M, Relvas H (2025) Environmental comfort in urban spaces: a systematic literature review and a system dynamics analysis. Urban Clim 60:102340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2025.102340","journal-title":"Urban Clim"},{"key":"1882_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11749-018-0599-x","author":"RS Bivand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bivand RS, Wong DWS (2018) Comparing implementations of global and local indicators of spatial association. Test. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11749-018-0599-x","journal-title":"Test"},{"key":"1882_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11956860.2002.11682703","author":"B Boots","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boots B (2002) Local measures of spatial association. Ecoscience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/11956860.2002.11682703","journal-title":"Ecoscience"},{"key":"1882_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.09.004","author":"C Borrego","year":"2003","unstructured":"Borrego C, Tchepel O, Costa AM, Amorim JH, Miranda AI (2003) Emission and dispersion modelling of Lisbon air quality at local scale. Atmos Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.09.004","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"1882_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03709","author":"M Brauer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brauer M, Freedman G, Frostad J, Van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Dentener F, Estep K, Amini H, Apte JS, Balakrishnan K, Barregard L, Broday D, Feigin V, Ghosh S, Hopke PK, Knibbs LD, Kokubo Y, Liu Y, Cohen A (2016) Ambient air pollution exposure estimation for the global burden of disease 2013. Environ Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5b03709","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1882_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.1039\/C3AY41907J","volume":"6","author":"R Bro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bro R, Smilde AK (2014) Principal component analysis. Anal Methods 6(9):2812\u20132831","journal-title":"Anal Methods"},{"key":"1882_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cardona LAS, Hern\u00e1ndez KA, Barreto GM, Gonz\u00e1lez PN, Guti\u00e9rrez \u00c1 (2022) \u00c1. O. A chi-square dissimilarity measure for clustering categorical datasets. International Advanced Computing Conference, 154\u2013166","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-35644-5_12"},{"key":"1882_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.007","author":"N Castell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Castell N, Dauge FR, Schneider P, Vogt M, Lerner U, Fishbain B, Broday D, Bartonova A (2017) Can commercial low-cost sensor platforms contribute to air quality monitoring and exposure estimates? Environ Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.12.007","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"1882_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18092843","author":"A Cavaliere","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavaliere A, Carotenuto F, Di Gennaro F, Gioli B, Gualtieri G, Martelli F, Matese A, Toscano P, Vagnoli C, Zaldei A (2018) Development of low-cost air quality stations for next generation monitoring networks: calibration and validation of PM2.5 and PM10 sensors. Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s18092843","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1882_CR15","unstructured":"CCDRLVT (2023) Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da qualidade do ar ambiente na regi\u00e3o de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo em"},{"key":"1882_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201906-477ST","author":"KR Cromar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cromar KR, Duncan BN, Bartonova A, Benedict K, Brauer M, Habre R, Hagler GSW, Haynes JA, Khan S, Kilaru V, Liu Y, Pawson S, Peden DB, Quint JK, Rice MB, Sasser EN, Seto E, Stone SL, Thurston GD, Volckens J (2019) Air pollution monitoring for health research and patient care: an official American Thoracic Society workshop report. Ann Am Thorac Soc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201906-477ST","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"1882_CR17","unstructured":"Derwent R, Hjellbrekke A-G (2019) Air quality in Europe \u2014 2019 report 1994\u20132019 EEA Report No 10\/2019. In EEA Report No 10\/2019 (Issue 10)"},{"key":"1882_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030558","author":"D Dias","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dias D, Tchepel O (2018) Spatial and temporal dynamics in air pollution exposure assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15030558","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1882_CR19","unstructured":"Geneva: World Health Organization (2021) WHO global air quality guidelines. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. World Health Organization"},{"key":"1882_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez A, Boies A, Swason J, Kittelson D (2019) Field calibration of Low-Cost air pollution sensors. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-2019-299"},{"key":"1882_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grekousis G (2020) Spatial Analysis Methods and Practice. In Spatial Analysis Methods and Practice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108614528","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108614528"},{"key":"1882_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GH000136","author":"P Gupta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gupta P, Doraiswamy P, Levy R, Pikelnaya O, Maibach J, Feenstra B, Polidori A, Kiros F, Mills KC (2018) Impact of California fires on local and regional air quality: the role of a low-cost sensor network and satellite observations. Geohealth. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018GH000136","journal-title":"Geohealth"},{"key":"1882_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hossain S, Hasan MM, Hossain T (2023) Empirical Study on Dimensionality Reduction Approach for F-Commerce Dataset by Principal Component Analysis. In Applied Informatics for Industry 4.0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781003256069-2","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003256069-2"},{"key":"1882_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072174","author":"M Iriti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iriti M, Piscitelli P, Missoni E, Miani A (2020) Air pollution and health: the need for a medical reading of environmental monitoring data. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17072174","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1882_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500388","volume":"15","author":"M Jerrett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jerrett M, Arain A, Kanaroglou P, Beckerman B, Potoglou D, Sahsuvaroglu T, Morrison J, Giovis C (2005a) A review and evaluation of intraurban air pollution exposure models. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 15(2):185\u2013204","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1882_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000181630.15826.7d","volume":"16","author":"M Jerrett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jerrett M, Burnett RT, Ma R, Pope III, Krewski CA, Newbold D, Thurston KB, Shi G, Finkelstein Y, N., Calle EE (2005b) Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in Los Angeles. Epidemiology 16(6):727\u2013736","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1882_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.38177\/ajast.2024.8201","volume":"8","author":"M Kabilan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kabilan M, Kishore R, Magesh R (2024) Air quality monitoring system: a comprehensive overview of an advanced air quality monitoring system using arduino. Asian J Appl Sci Technol (AJAST) 8(2):1\u20136","journal-title":"Asian J Appl Sci Technol (AJAST)"},{"key":"1882_CR28","unstructured":"Karlstr\u00f6m A, Ceccato V (2002) A new information theoretical measure of global and local Spatial association. Jahrbuch Fur Regionalwissenschaft, 22(1)"},{"key":"1882_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es100008x","author":"AA Karner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karner AA, Eisinger DS, Niemeier DA (2010) Near-roadway air quality: synthesizing the findings from real-world data. Environ Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es100008x","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"1882_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.11.019","author":"P Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar P, Morawska L, Martani C, Biskos G, Neophytou M, Di Sabatino S, Bell M, Norford L, Britter R (2015) The rise of low-cost sensing for managing air pollution in cities. Environ Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2014.11.019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"1882_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/amns-2024-0664","author":"G Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li G, Qin Y (2024) An exploration of the application of principal component analysis in big data processing. Appl Math Nonlinear Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/amns-2024-0664","journal-title":"Appl Math Nonlinear Sci"},{"key":"1882_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.09.009","author":"T Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu T, Xiao J, Zeng W, Hu J, Liu X, Dong M, Wang J, Wan D, Ma W (2019) A spatiotemporal land-use-regression model to assess individual level long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matters. MethodsX. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mex.2019.09.009","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"1882_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lucas P, Silva J, Araujo F, Silva C, Gil P, Arrais JP, Coutinho D, Salgueiro P, Rato L, Saias J, Nogueira V, Cardoso A, Ribeiro B (2020) NanoSen-AQM: from sensors to users. Int J Online Biomedical Eng 16(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3991\/ijoe.v16i04.11871","DOI":"10.3991\/ijoe.v16i04.11871"},{"key":"1882_CR34","unstructured":"Mead MI, Popoola OAM, Stewart GB, Landshoff P, Calleja M, Hayes M, Baldovi JJ, Hodgson TF, Mcleod MW, Dicks J, Lewis A, Cohen J, Baron R, Saffell JR, Jones RL (n.d.). The use of electrochemical sensors for monitoring urban air quality in low-cost, high-density networks"},{"key":"1882_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b00074","author":"G Miskell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miskell G, Salmond JA, Williams DE (2018) Solution to the problem of calibration of low-cost air quality measurement sensors in networks. ACS Sens. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acssensors.8b00074","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"1882_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.116870","author":"G Miskell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miskell G, Alberti K, Feenstra B, Henshaw GS, Papapostolou V, Patel H, Polidori A, Salmond JA, Weissert L, Williams DE (2019) Reliable data from low cost ozone sensors in a hierarchical network. Atmos Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.116870","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"1882_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112612","volume":"206","author":"C Mullen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mullen C, Flores A, Grineski S, Collins T (2022) Exploring the distributional environmental justice implications of an air quality monitoring network in Los Angeles County. Environ Res 206:112612","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"1882_CR38","unstructured":"Open data Portugal (2022) https:\/\/dados.gov.pt\/pt\/reuses\/lisboa-aberta\/"},{"key":"1882_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310925110","author":"CA Pope","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pope CA, Dockery DW (2013) Air pollution and life expectancy in China and beyond. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1310925110","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1882_CR40","unstructured":"Portugal Census (2021) https:\/\/www.ine.pt\/xportal\/xmain?xpid=INE%26;xpgid=ine_destaques%26;DESTAQUESdest_boui=473161655%26;DESTAQUESmodo=2."},{"issue":"4","key":"1882_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.4534","volume":"18","author":"L Racz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Racz L, Rish W (2021) Exposure monitoring toward environmental justice. Integr Environ Assess Manag 18(4):858\u2013862","journal-title":"Integr Environ Assess Manag"},{"key":"1882_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.266","author":"AC Rai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rai AC, Kumar P, Pilla F, Skouloudis AN, Di Sabatino S, Ratti C, Yasar A, Rickerby D (2017) End-user perspective of low-cost sensors for outdoor air pollution monitoring. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.266","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"1882_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187702","author":"R Sarroeira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarroeira R, Henriques J, Sousa AM, da Ferreira Silva C, Nunes N, Moro S, Botelho MdoC (2023) Monitoring sensors for urban air quality: the case of the municipality of Lisbon. Sensors (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23187702","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"1882_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020794","author":"U Schilt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schilt U, Barahona B, Buck R, Meyer P, Kappani P, M\u00f6ckli Y, Meyer M, Schuetz P (2023) Low-cost sensor node for air quality monitoring: field tests and validation of particulate matter measurements. Sensors (Basel). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23020794","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"1882_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160064","author":"P Sicard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sicard P, Agathokleous E, Anenberg SC, De Marco A, Paoletti E, Calatayud V (2023) Trends in urban air pollution over the last two decades: a global perspective. Sci Total Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160064","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"1882_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112510","author":"D Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh D, Dahiya M, Kumar R, Nanda C (2021) Sensors and systems for air quality assessment monitoring and management: a review. J Environ Manage. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112510","journal-title":"J Environ Manage"},{"key":"1882_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es4022602","author":"EG Snyder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Snyder EG, Watkins TH, Solomon PA, Thoma ED, Williams RW, Hagler GSW, Shelow D, Hindin DA, Kilaru VJ, Preuss PW (2013) The changing paradigm of air pollution monitoring. Environ Sci Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es4022602","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"1882_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2015.2396573","author":"A Soganli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soganli A, Ercetin O, Cetin M (2015) On the quality and timeliness of fusion in a random access sensor network. IEEE Signal Process Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LSP.2015.2396573","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"1882_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-3277-2020","author":"PA Solomon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Solomon PA, Vallano D, Lunden M, Lafranchi B, Blanchard CL, Shaw SL (2020) Mobile-platform measurement of air pollutant concentrations in California: performance assessment, statistical methods for evaluating spatial variations, and spatial representativeness. Atmos Meas Tech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-13-3277-2020","journal-title":"Atmos Meas Tech"},{"key":"1882_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2021.1882680","author":"Y Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song Y, Wu P (2021) An interactive detector for spatial associations. Int J Geogr Inf Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13658816.2021.1882680","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"1882_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.03.031","author":"L Spinelle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spinelle L, Gerboles M, Villani MG, Aleixandre M, Bonavitacola F (2015) Field calibration of a cluster of low-cost available sensors for air quality monitoring. Part A: ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Sens Actuators B Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2015.03.031","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"1882_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Su JG, Jerrett M, Beckerman B (2009) A distance-decay variable selection strategy for land use regression modeling of ambient air pollutionexposures. Sci Total Environ 407(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.01.061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.01.061"},{"issue":"6","key":"1882_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1002\/env.1014","volume":"21","author":"AA Szpiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Szpiro AA, Sampson PD, Sheppard L, Lumley T, Adar SD, Kaufman JD (2010) Predicting intra-urban variation in air pollution concentrations with complex spatio\u2010temporal dependencies. Environmetrics 21(6):606\u2013631","journal-title":"Environmetrics"},{"key":"1882_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2008.05.007","author":"M Viana","year":"2008","unstructured":"Viana M, Kuhlbusch TAJ, Querol X, Alastuey A, Harrison RM, Hopke PK, Winiwarter W, Vallius M, Szidat S, Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t ASH, Hueglin C, Bloemen H, W\u00e5hlin P, Vecchi R, Miranda AI, Kasper-Giebl A, Maenhaut W, Hitzenberger R (2008) Source apportionment of particulate matter in Europe: a review of methods and results. J Aerosol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2008.05.007","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"key":"1882_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viana M, Boavida-Portugal C, Gomes I, E., Rocha J (2023) Introductory Chapter: GIS and Spatial Analysis. In GIS and Spatial Analysis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.111735","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.111735"},{"key":"1882_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph13121196","author":"L Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang L, Zhong B, Vardoulakis S, Zhang F, Pilot E, Li Y, Yang L, Wang W, Krafft T (2016) Air quality strategies on public health and health equity in Europe\u2014a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph13121196","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"1882_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-17-2991-2024","volume":"17","author":"AR Whitehill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Whitehill AR, Lunden M, LaFranchi B, Kaushik S, Solomon PA (2024) Mobile air quality monitoring and comparison to fixed monitoring sites for instrument performance assessment. Atmos Meas Tech 17(9):2991\u20133009","journal-title":"Atmos Meas Tech"},{"key":"1882_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.07.030","author":"JG Wilson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilson JG, Kingham S, Pearce J, Sturman AP (2005) A review of intraurban variations in particulate air pollution: implications for epidemiological research. Atmos Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.07.030","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1882_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.12147","volume":"50","author":"LJ Wolf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolf LJ, Oshan TM, Fotheringham AS (2018) Single and multiscale models of process spatial heterogeneity. Geogr Anal 50(3):223\u2013246","journal-title":"Geogr Anal"},{"key":"1882_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3216071","author":"MA Zaidan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zaidan MA, Xie Y, Motlagh NH, Wang B, Nie W, Nurmi P, Tarkoma S, Petaja T, Ding A, Kulmala M (2022) Dense air quality sensor networks: validation, analysis, and benefits. IEEE Sens J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3216071","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"}],"container-title":["Air Quality, Atmosphere &amp; Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11869-026-01882-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11869-026-01882-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11869-026-01882-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T02:54:05Z","timestamp":1771988045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11869-026-01882-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1882"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11869-026-01882-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9318","1873-9326"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9318","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-9326","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"It has confirmed that no ethical approval is required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"No individual participant data is included in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"19"}}