{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T15:13:36Z","timestamp":1775574816357,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]],"date-time":"2014-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Heart Fail Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-014-0227-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,20]],"date-time":"2014-09-20T02:25:45Z","timestamp":1411179945000},"page":"393-403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy: Prevalence, Prognosis, Pathoetiology, Genetics, and Risk of Cardioembolism"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Carrilho-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana G.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fausto J.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"227_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq508","volume":"32","author":"E Oechslin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oechslin E, Jenni R. Left ventricular non-compaction revisited: a distinct phenotype with genetic heterogeneity? Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1446\u201356.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"227_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000132478.60674.D0","volume":"109","author":"BC Weiford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weiford BC, Subbarao VD, Mulhern KM. Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. Circulation. 2004;109:2965\u201371.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"227_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2013.08.003","volume":"26","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Khandheria BK, Paterick TE, Treiber SC, Bush M, Tajik AJ. Left ventricular noncompaction in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26:1306\u201313.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"227_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31365","volume":"163C","author":"AM Vermeer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vermeer AM, van Engelen K, Postma AV, Baars MJ, Christiaans I, De Haij S, et al. Ebstein anomaly associated with left ventricular noncompaction: an autosomal dominant condition that can be caused by mutations in MYH7. Am J Med Genet C: Semin Med Genet. 2013;163C:178\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet C: Semin Med Genet"},{"key":"227_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-012-0235-8","volume":"28","author":"K Nakashima","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakashima K, Kusakawa I, Yamamoto T, Hirabayashi S, Hosoya R, Shimizu W, et al. A left ventricular noncompaction in a patient with long QT syndrome caused by a KCNQ1 mutation: a case report. Heart Vessels. 2013;28:126\u20139.","journal-title":"Heart. Vessels"},{"key":"227_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90618-0","volume":"53","author":"R Engberding","year":"1984","unstructured":"Engberding R, Bender F. Identification of a rare congenital anomaly of the myocardium by two-dimensional echocardiography: persistence of isolated myocardial sinusoids. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:1733\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.2.507","volume":"82","author":"TK Chin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chin TK, Perloff JK, Williams RG, Jue K, Mohrmann R. Isolated noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium. A study of eight cases. Circulation. 1990;82:507\u201313.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"227_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.86.6.666","volume":"86","author":"R Jenni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jenni R, Oechslin E, Schneider J, Attenhofer Jost C, Kaufmann PA. Echocardiographic and pathoanatomical characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction: a step towards classification as a distinct cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2001;86:666\u201371.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"227_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.9.1256","volume":"103","author":"F Ichida","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ichida F, Tsubata S, Bowles KR, Haneda N, Uese K, Miyawaki T, et al. Novel gene mutations in patients with left ventricular noncompaction or Barth syndrome. Circulation. 2001;103:1256\u201363.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"227_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.12.058","volume":"168","author":"K Kimura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kimura K, Takenaka K, Ebihara A, Uno K, Morita H, Nakajima T, et al. Prognostic impact of left ventricular noncompaction in patients with Duchenne\/Becker muscular dystrophy\u2014prospective multicenter cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:1900\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-67","volume":"15","author":"CJ Statile","year":"2013","unstructured":"Statile CJ, Taylor MD, Mazur W, Cripe LH, King E, Pratt J, et al. Left ventricular noncompaction in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013;15:67.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"227_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(02)02723-6","volume":"90","author":"C Stollberger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stollberger C, Finsterer J, Blazek G. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation\/noncompaction and association with additional cardiac abnormalities and neuromuscular disorders. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:899\u2013902.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.841","volume":"93","author":"P Richardson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richardson P, McKenna W, Bristow M, Maisch B, Mautner B, O\u2019Connell J, et al. Report of the 1995 world health organization\/international society and federation of cardiology task force on the definition and classification of cardiomyopathies. Circulation. 1996;93:841\u20132.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"227_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287","volume":"113","author":"BJ Maron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, et al. Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation. 2006;113:1807\u201316.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"227_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","volume":"29","author":"P Elliott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, et al. Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:270\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"227_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(20000401)258:4<319::AID-AR1>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"258","author":"D Sedmera","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sedmera D, Pexieder T, Vuillemin M, Thompson RP, Anderson RH. Developmental patterning of the myocardium. Anat Rec. 2000;258:319\u201337.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"227_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4065\/72.1.26","volume":"72","author":"M Ritter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ritter M, Oechslin E, Sutsch G, Attenhofer C, Schneider J, Jenni R. Isolated noncompaction of the myocardium in adults. Mayo Clin Proc. 1997;72:26\u201331.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"227_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780404","volume":"82","author":"E Zambrano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zambrano E, Marshalko SJ, Jaffe CC, Hui P. Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium: clinical and molecular aspects of a rare cardiomyopathy. Lab Invest. 2002;82:117\u201322.","journal-title":"Lab. Invest"},{"key":"227_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.08.049","volume":"113","author":"G Nucifora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nucifora G, Aquaro GD, Masci PG, Pingitore A, Lombardi M. Magnetic resonance assessment of prevalence and correlates of right ventricular abnormalities in isolated left ventricular noncompaction. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:142\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.12.008","volume":"113","author":"RB Stacey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stacey RB, Andersen M, Haag J, Hall ME, McLeod G, Upadhya B, et al. Right ventricular morphology and systolic function in left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:1018\u201323. A study on the structural abnormalities found in the right ventricle and its prognostic significance.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19971031)72:3<257::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"72","author":"SB Bleyl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bleyl SB, Mumford BR, Brown-Harrison MC, Pagotto LT, Carey JC, Pysher TJ, et al. Xq28-linked noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium: prenatal diagnosis and pathologic analysis of affected individuals. Am J Med Genet. 1997;72:257\u201365.","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"227_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2012-302048","volume":"99","author":"AG Almeida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almeida AG, Pinto FJ. Non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2013;99:1535\u201342.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"227_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00755-5","volume":"36","author":"EN Oechslin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oechslin EN, Attenhofer Jost CH, Rojas JR, Kaufmann PA, Jenni R. Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:493\u2013500.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000100664.10777.B8","volume":"108","author":"RH Pignatelli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pignatelli RH, McMahon CJ, Dreyer WJ, Denfield SW, Price J, Belmont JW, et al. Clinical characterization of left ventricular noncompaction in children: a relatively common form of cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2003;108:2672\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"227_CR25","first-page":"1847","volume":"29","author":"A Toste","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toste A, Branco LM, Galrinho A, Lousinha A, Fiarresga A, Oliveira MM, et al. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy\u2014a review of eight cases. Rev Port Cardiol. 2010;29:1847\u201364.","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00170-9","volume":"34","author":"F Ichida","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ichida F, Hamamichi Y, Miyawaki T, Ono Y, Kamiya T, Akagi T, et al. Clinical features of isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium: long-term clinical course, hemodynamic properties, and genetic background. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:233\u201340.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1157\/13116200","volume":"61","author":"C Stollberger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stollberger C, Blazek G, Winkler-Dworak M, Finsterer J. Sex differences in left ventricular noncompaction in patients with and without neuromuscular disorders. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2008;61:130\u20136.","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"227_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur245","volume":"13","author":"MJ Ackerman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ackerman MJ, Priori SG, Willems S, Berul C, Brugada R, Calkins H, et al. HRS\/EHRA expert consensus statement on the state of genetic testing for the channelopathies and cardiomyopathies: this document was developed as a partnership between the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace. 2011;13:1077\u2013109.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"227_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.109.903898","volume":"3","author":"YM Hoedemaekers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoedemaekers YM, Caliskan K, Michels M, Frohn-Mulder I, van der Smagt JJ, Phefferkorn JE, et al. The importance of genetic counseling, DNA diagnostics, and cardiologic family screening in left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2010;3:232\u20139.","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Genet"},{"key":"227_CR30","first-page":"185","volume":"28","author":"N Cortez-Dias","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cortez-Dias N, Varela MG, Sargento L, Brito D, Almeida A, Cerqueira R, et al. Left ventricular non-compaction: a new mutation predisposing to reverse remodeling? Rev Port Cardiol. 2009;28:185\u201394.","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.10.021","volume":"42","author":"M Vatta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vatta M, Mohapatra B, Jimenez S, Sanchez X, Faulkner G, Perles Z, et al. Mutations in Cypher\/ZASP in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:2014\u201327.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2014.04.007","volume":"57","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Left ventricular noncompaction associated with a compound heterozygous MYBPC3 mutation. Eur J Med Genet. 2014;57:349.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med Genet"},{"key":"227_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.03.025","volume":"173","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Finsterer J, Stollberger C, Brandau O, Laccone F, Bichler K, Laing NG. Novel MYH7 mutation associated with mild myopathy but life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and noncompaction. Int J Cardiol. 2014;173:532\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2014.02.015","volume":"57","author":"E Schaefer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schaefer E, Helms P, Marcellin L, Desprez P, Billaud P, Chanavat V, et al. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a fast molecular diagnosis tool for left ventricular noncompaction in an infant with compound mutations in the MYBPC3 gene. Eur J Med Genet. 2014;57:129\u201332.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med Genet"},{"key":"227_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.746164","volume":"117","author":"S Klaassen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klaassen S, Probst S, Oechslin E, Gerull B, Krings G, Schuler P, et al. Mutations in sarcomere protein genes in left ventricular noncompaction. Circulation. 2008;117:2893\u2013901.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"227_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3046","volume":"19","author":"G Luxan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luxan G, Casanova JC, Martinez-Poveda B, Prados B, D\u2019Amato G, MacGrogan D, et al. Mutations in the NOTCH pathway regulator MIB1 cause left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Nat Med. 2013;19:193\u2013201. A report of a new gene associated with LVNC.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"227_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq225","volume":"13","author":"G Habib","year":"2011","unstructured":"Habib G, Charron P, Eicher JC, Giorgi R, Donal E, Laperche T, et al. Isolated left ventricular non-compaction in adults: clinical and echocardiographic features in 105 patients. Results from a french registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:177\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"227_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(99)70192-6","volume":"12","author":"Y Agmon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Agmon Y, Connolly HM, Olson LJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB. Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1999;12:859\u201363.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"227_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.05.062","volume":"104","author":"C Stanton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stanton C, Bruce C, Connolly H, Brady P, Syed I, Hodge D, et al. Isolated left ventricular noncompaction syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104:1135\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi025","volume":"26","author":"RT Murphy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murphy RT, Thaman R, Blanes JG, Ward D, Sevdalis E, Papra E, et al. Natural history and familial characteristics of isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:187\u201392.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"227_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.088229","volume":"93","author":"C Lofiego","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lofiego C, Biagini E, Pasquale F, Ferlito M, Rocchi G, Perugini E, et al. Wide spectrum of presentation and variable outcomes of isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Heart. 2007;93:65\u201371.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"227_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2006.08.002","volume":"12","author":"D Aras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aras D, Tufekcioglu O, Ergun K, Ozeke O, Yildiz A, Topaloglu S, et al. Clinical features of isolated ventricular noncompaction in adults long-term clinical course, echocardiographic properties, and predictors of left ventricular failure. J Card Fail. 2006;12:726\u201333.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"227_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.110","volume":"158","author":"C Jorge","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jorge C, Marques JS, Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Pinto FJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or non-compaction? How the first impression can be wrong. Int J Cardiol. 2012;158:e53\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01765-X","volume":"39","author":"R Jenni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jenni R, Wyss CA, Oechslin EN, Kaufmann PA. Isolated ventricular noncompaction is associated with coronary microcirculatory dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:450\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.05.042","volume":"104","author":"J Steffel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Steffel J, Kobza R, Oechslin E, Jenni R, Duru F. Electrocardiographic characteristics at initial diagnosis in patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104:984\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-1217","volume":"75","author":"J Steffel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steffel J, Hurlimann D, Namdar M, Despotovic D, Kobza R, Wolber T, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with isolated left ventricular noncompaction: role of electrocardiography in predicting poor outcome. Circ J. 2011;75:1728\u201334.","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"227_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2003.12.020","volume":"17","author":"G Tamborini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tamborini G, Pepi M, Celeste F, Muratori M, Susini F, Maltagliati A, et al. Incidence and characteristics of left ventricular false tendons and trabeculations in the normal and pathologic heart by second harmonic echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:367\u201374.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"227_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(03)00514-5","volume":"17","author":"C Stollberger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stollberger C, Finsterer J. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation\/noncompaction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004;17:91\u2013100.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"227_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.10.002","volume":"25","author":"SF Saleeb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saleeb SF, Margossian R, Spencer CT, Alexander ME, Smoot LB, Dorfman AL, et al. Reproducibility of echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012;25:194\u2013202. A report on the limitations of echocardiography for the diagnosis of LVNC.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"227_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm481","volume":"29","author":"SK Kohli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kohli SK, Pantazis AA, Shah JS, Adeyemi B, Jackson G, McKenna WJ, et al. Diagnosis of left-ventricular non-compaction in patients with left-ventricular systolic dysfunction: time for a reappraisal of diagnostic criteria? Eur Heart J. 2008;29:89\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"227_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8175.2002.00153.x","volume":"19","author":"BK Koo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Koo BK, Choi D, Ha JW, Kang SM, Chung N, Cho SY. Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium: contrast echocardiographic findings and review of the literature. Echocardiography. 2002;19:153\u20136.","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"227_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-008-9372-3","volume":"30","author":"BW Eidem","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eidem BW. Noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular noncompaction: what\u2019s new in 2009? Pediatr Cardiol. 2009;30:682\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.093880","volume":"93","author":"CJ McMahon","year":"2007","unstructured":"McMahon CJ, Pignatelli RH, Nagueh SF, Lee VV, Vaughn W, Valdes SO, et al. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in children: characterisation of clinical status using tissue Doppler-derived indices of left ventricular diastolic relaxation. Heart. 2007;93:676\u201381.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"227_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalapos A, Domsik P, Forster T, Nemes A (2013) Left ventricular strain reduction is not confined to the noncompacted segments in noncompaction cardiomyopathy\u2014insights from the three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiographic MAGYAR-Path Study. Echocardiography","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12447"},{"key":"227_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.08.006","volume":"10","author":"BM Dalen van","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Dalen BM, Caliskan K, Soliman OI, Nemes A, Vletter WB, Ten Cate FJ, et al. Left ventricular solid body rotation in non-compaction cardiomyopathy: a potential new objective and quantitative functional diagnostic criterion? Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10:1088\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"227_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet076","volume":"Study on the pr","author":"F Peters","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peters F, Khandheria BK, Libhaber E, Maharaj N, Dos Santos C, Matioda H, et al. Left ventricular twist in left ventricular noncompaction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;Study on the prevalence and impact of the abnormalities of left ventricular rotation:48\u201355. A study on the prevalence and impact of the abnormalities of left ventricular rotation.","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"227_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.11.012","volume":"25","author":"S Caselli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caselli S, Autore C, Serdoz A, Santini D, Musumeci MB, Pelliccia A, et al. Three-dimensional echocardiographic characterization of patients with left ventricular noncompaction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2012;25:203\u20139. Characterization of LVNC with three-dimensional echocardiography.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"227_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.03.045","volume":"46","author":"SE Petersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petersen SE, Selvanayagam JB, Wiesmann F, Robson MD, Francis JM, Anderson RH, et al. Left ventricular non-compaction: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:101\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp595","volume":"31","author":"A Jacquier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jacquier A, Thuny F, Jop B, Giorgi R, Cohen F, Gaubert JY, et al. Measurement of trabeculated left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:1098\u2013104.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"227_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.01.014","volume":"6","author":"RB Stacey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stacey RB, Andersen MM, St Clair M, Hundley WG, Thohan V. Comparison of systolic and diastolic criteria for isolated LV noncompaction in cmr. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:931\u201340.","journal-title":"JACC. Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"227_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-36","volume":"15","author":"G Captur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Captur G, Muthurangu V, Cook C, Flett AS, Wilson R, Barison A, et al. Quantification of left ventricular trabeculae using fractal analysis. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2013;15:36. Describes a novel technique for the diagnosis of LVNC using CMR.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"key":"227_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq222","volume":"13","author":"G Nucifora","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nucifora G, Aquaro GD, Pingitore A, Masci PG, Lombardi M. Myocardial fibrosis in isolated left ventricular non-compaction and its relation to disease severity. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13:170\u20136. Significance of late gadolinium enhancement.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"227_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.156.4.2003432","volume":"156","author":"DJ Conces Jr","year":"1991","unstructured":"Conces Jr DJ, Ryan T, Tarver RD. Noncompaction of ventricular myocardium: CT appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;156:717\u20138.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"227_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011658926555","volume":"17","author":"Y Hamamichi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hamamichi Y, Ichida F, Hashimoto I, Uese KH, Miyawaki T, Tsukano S, et al. Isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium: ultrafast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2001;17:305\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"227_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0b013e31828e9b3d","volume":"29","author":"MS Sidhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sidhu MS, Uthamalingam S, Ahmed W, Engel LC, Vorasettakarnkij Y, Lee AM, et al. Defining left ventricular noncompaction using cardiac computed tomography. J Thorac Imaging. 2014;29:60\u20136.","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"227_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2012.07.001","volume":"6","author":"G Melendez-Ramirez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Melendez-Ramirez G, Castillo-Castellon F, Espinola-Zavaleta N, Meave A, Kimura-Hayama ET. Left ventricular noncompaction: a proposal of new diagnostic criteria by multidetector computed tomography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2012;6:346\u201354.","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc Comput. Tomogr"},{"key":"227_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12328","volume":"31","author":"HB Erer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erer HB, Guvenc TS, Kemik AS, Yilmaz H, Kul S, Altay S, et al. Assessment of tenascin-C levels in ventricular noncompaction\/hypertrabeculation patients: A cross-sectional study. Echocardiography. 2014;31:203\u20138.","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"227_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80383-2","volume":"9","author":"MT Boyd","year":"1987","unstructured":"Boyd MT, Seward JB, Tajik AJ, Edwards WD. Frequency and location of prominent left ventricular trabeculations at autopsy in 474 normal human hearts: implications for evaluation of mural thrombi by two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9:323\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2013.05.002","volume":"32","author":"A Delgado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Delgado A, Moreira D, Rodrigues B, Correia E, Gama P, Cabral C, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy and coronary fistulae: a case report. One genotype, three phenotypes? Rev Port Cardiol. 2013;32:919\u201324.","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs104","volume":"33","author":"JJ McMurray","year":"2012","unstructured":"McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Bohm M, Dickstein K, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1787\u2013847.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"227_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.86.1.e4","volume":"86","author":"M Toyono","year":"2001","unstructured":"Toyono M, Kondo C, Nakajima Y, Nakazawa M, Momma K, Kusakabe K. Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular function, mass, and scintigraphic findings in isolated left ventricular non-compaction. Heart. 2001;86:E4.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"227_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2012.11.009","volume":"19","author":"D Penela","year":"2013","unstructured":"Penela D, Bijnens B, Doltra A, Silva E, Castel MA, Berruezo A, et al. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy is associated with mechanical dyssynchrony: a potential underlying mechanism for favorable response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Card Fail. 2013;19:80\u20136.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"227_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(01)00264-9","volume":"20","author":"V Conraads","year":"2001","unstructured":"Conraads V, Paelinck B, Vorlat A, Goethals M, Jacobs W, Vrints C. Isolated non-compaction of the left ventricle: a rare indication for transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001;20:904\u20137.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"227_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht150","volume":"34","author":"M Brignole","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt O-A, et al. 2013 ESC guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2281\u2013329.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"227_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2008.01015.x","volume":"31","author":"R Kobza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kobza R, Jenni R, Erne P, Oechslin E, Duru F. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with left ventricular noncompaction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008;31:461\u20137.","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"227_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.05.039","volume":"108","author":"C Stollberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stollberger C, Blazek G, Dobias C, Hanafin A, Wegner C, Finsterer J. Frequency of stroke and embolism in left ventricular hypertrabeculation\/noncompaction. Am J Cardiol. 2011;108:1021\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.10.014","volume":"22","author":"C Stollberger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stollberger C, Wegner C, Finsterer J. CHADS2- and CHA2DS2VASc scores and embolic risk in left ventricular hypertrabeculation\/noncompaction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;22:709\u201312.","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"227_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.07.009","volume":"110","author":"K Caliskan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caliskan K, Michels M, Geleijnse ML, van Domburg RT, van der Boon R, Balk AH, et al. Frequency of asymptomatic disease among family members with noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110:1512\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian T, Liu Y, Gao L, Wang J, Sun K, Zou Y, Wang L, Zhang L, Li Y, Xiao Y, Song L, Zhou X. Isolated left ventricular noncompaction: clinical profile and prognosis in 106 adult patients. Heart Vessels. 2013. One of the latest published series.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-013-0409-z"},{"key":"227_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2012.01.002","volume":"31","author":"SM Oliveira","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oliveira SM, Martins E, Oliveira A, Pinho T, Gavina C, Faria T, et al. Cardiac 123I-MIBG scintigraphy and arrhythmic risk in left ventricular noncompaction. Rev Port Cardiol. 2012;31:247\u201350.","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.05.018","volume":"164","author":"G Captur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Captur G, Flett AS, Jacoby DL, Moon JC. Left ventricular non-noncompaction: the mitral valve prolapse of the 21st century? Int J Cardiol. 2013;164:3\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"227_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq009","volume":"86","author":"M Luedde","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luedde M, Ehlermann P, Weichenhan D, Will R, Zeller R, Rupp S, et al. Severe familial left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy due to a novel troponin T (TNNT2) mutation. Cardiovasc Res. 2010;86:452\u201360.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"}],"container-title":["Current Heart Failure Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11897-014-0227-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11897-014-0227-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11897-014-0227-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T06:07:47Z","timestamp":1565849267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11897-014-0227-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11897-014-0227-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-9530","1546-9549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-9530","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-9549","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,21]]}}}