{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T11:47:16Z","timestamp":1740138436090,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009092","name":"Universidad de Alicante","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Trace Elem Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mercury accumulation has been proposed as a toxic factor that causes neurodegenerative diseases. However, the hazardous health effects of gaseous elemental mercury exposure on the spinal cord in volcanic areas have not been reported previously in the literature. To evaluate the presence of volcanogenic inorganic mercury in the spinal cord, a study was carried out in S\u00e3o Miguel island (Azores, Portugal) by comparing the spinal cord of mice exposed chronically to an active volcanic environment (Furnas village) with individuals not exposed (Rabo de Peixe village), through the autometallographic silver enhancement histochemical method. Moreover, a morphometric and quantification analysis of the axons was carried out. Results exhibited mercury deposits at the lumbar level of the spinal cord in the specimens captured at the site with volcanic activity (Furnas village). A decrease in axon calibre and axonal atrophy was also observed in these specimens. Given that these are relevant hallmarks in the neurodegenerative pathologies, our results highlight the importance of the surveillance of the health of populations chronically exposed to active volcanic environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02890-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T10:03:10Z","timestamp":1629453790000},"page":"2838-2847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Occurrence of Volcanogenic Inorganic Mercury in Wild Mice Spinal Cord: Potential Health Implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"200","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Navarro-Sempere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. V.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Camarinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1727-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Segovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2890_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6730305","author":"H Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ali H, Khan E, Ilahi I (2019) Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals: environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. J Chem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/6730305","journal-title":"J Chem"},{"key":"2890_CR2","first-page":"803","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of volcanoes","author":"P Delmelle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Delmelle P, Stix J (2000) Volcanic gases. In: Sirgudsson H (ed) Encyclopedia of volcanoes. Academic Press, San Diego, California, pp 803\u2013815"},{"key":"2890_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.007","volume":"134","author":"M Durand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Durand M, Florkowski C, George P et al (2004) Elevated trace element output in urine following acute volcanic gas exposure. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 134:139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2004.01.007","journal-title":"J Volcanol Geotherm Res"},{"key":"2890_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1080\/00039890409602947","volume":"59","author":"A Hansell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hansell A, Oppenheimer C (2004) Health hazards from volcanic gases: a systematic literature review. Arch Environ Health 59:628\u2013639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00039890409602947","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2890_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amaral AF., Rodrigues AS (2011) Volcanogenic contaminants: chronic exposure. Encycl Environ Heal 388\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-409548-9.11660-4","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-409548-9.11660-4"},{"key":"2890_CR6","volume-title":"Environmental toxicology","author":"A Kungolos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kungolos A (2006) Environmental toxicology. WIT Press, Southampton, UK"},{"key":"2890_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3920\/978-90-8686-806-3_13","volume-title":"Handbook of public health in natural disasters","author":"AS Rodrigues","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodrigues AS, Garcia PV (2015) Non-eruptive volcanogenic air pollution and health effects. In: Watson R, Tabor J, Ehiri J, Preedy V (eds) Handbook of public health in natural disasters. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands, pp 223\u2013243"},{"key":"2890_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.06.016","volume":"103","author":"AFS Amaral","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amaral AFS, Rodrigues AS (2007) Chronic exposure to volcanic environments and chronic bronchitis incidence in the Azores, Portugal. Environ Res 103:419\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2006.06.016","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2890_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/326794","volume":"2015","author":"D Linhares","year":"2015","unstructured":"Linhares D, Ventura Garcia P, Viveiros F et al (2015) Air pollution by hydrothermal volcanism and human pulmonary function. Biomed Res Int 2015:326794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/326794","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2890_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.008","volume":"49","author":"AS Rodrigues","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodrigues AS, Arruda MSC, Garcia PV (2012) Evidence of DNA damage in humans inhabiting a volcanically active environment: a useful tool for biomonitoring. Environ Int 49:51\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2012.08.008","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2890_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.033456","volume":"65","author":"A Ishigami","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ishigami A, Kikuchi Y, Iwasawa S et al (2008) Volcanic sulfur dioxide and acute respiratory symptoms on Miyakejima island. Occup Environ Med 65:701\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2007.033456","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2890_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-015-1037-y","volume":"88","author":"S Iwasawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iwasawa S, Nakano M, Tsuboi T et al (2015) Effects of sulfur dioxide on the respiratory system of Miyakejima child residents 6 years after returning to the island. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 88:1111\u20131118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-015-1037-y","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"2890_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.025","volume":"92\u201393","author":"E Tam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tam E, Miike R, Labrenz S et al (2016) Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai\u2019i: emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai\u2019i Island school children. Environ Int 92\u201393:543\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.03.025","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2890_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-73","volume":"11","author":"A Kristbjornsdottir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kristbjornsdottir A, Rafnsson V (2012) Incidence of cancer among residents of high temperature geothermal areas in Iceland: a census based study 1981 to 2010. Environ Heal A Glob Access Sci Source 11:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069X-11-73","journal-title":"Environ Heal A Glob Access Sci Source"},{"key":"2890_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122062","volume":"10","author":"MN Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates MN, Crane J, Balmes JR, Garrett N (2015) Investigation of hydrogen sulfide exposure and lung function, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a geothermal area of New Zealand. PLoS ONE 10:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122062","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2890_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1391.010","volume":"1113","author":"MA Lynes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lynes MA, Kang YJ, Sensi SL et al (2007) Heavy metal ions in normal physiology, toxic stress, and cytoprotection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1113:159\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1391.010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2890_CR17","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2005) Mercury in Health Care"},{"key":"2890_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1380-4","volume":"187","author":"VL Cariccio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cariccio VL, Sam\u00e0 A, Bramanti P, Mazzon E (2019) Mercury involvement in neuronal damage and in neurodegenerative diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res 187:341\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-018-1380-4","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"2890_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krabbenhoft D, Schuster P (2002) Glacial ice cores reveal a record of natural and anthropogenic atmospheric mercury deposition for the last 270 years. In: US Geological Fact Sheet FS-051\u201302","DOI":"10.3133\/fs05102"},{"key":"2890_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5278.72240","volume":"14","author":"N Rustagi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rustagi N, Ritesh S (2010) Mercury and health care. Indian J Occup Environ Med 14:45\u201348","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2890_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viveiros F, Cardellini C, Ferreira T et al (2010) Soil CO 2 emissions at Furnas volcano. S\u00e3o Miguel Island, Azores archipelago\u202f: volcano monitoring perspectives, geomorphologic studies, and land use planning application. J Geophys Res\u00a0115:1\u201317.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2010JB007555","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JB007555"},{"key":"2890_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gexplo.2018.02.017","volume":"190","author":"E Bagnato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bagnato E, Viveiros F, Pacheco JE et al (2018) Hg and CO2 emissions from soil diffuse degassing and fumaroles at Furnas Volcano (S\u00e3o Miguel Island, Azores): Gas flux and thermal energy output. J Geochemical Explor 190:39\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gexplo.2018.02.017","journal-title":"J Geochemical Explor"},{"key":"2890_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-007-0156-y","volume":"16","author":"A Amaral","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amaral A, Cabral C, Guedes C, Rodrigues A (2007) Apoptosis, metallothionein, and bioavailable metals in domestic mice (Mus musculus L.) from a human-inhabited volcanic area. Ecotoxicology 16:475\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10646-007-0156-y","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"2890_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.03.017","volume":"132","author":"AF Ferreira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferreira AF, Garcia PV, Camarinho R, dos Santos Rodrigues A (2015) Volcanogenic pollution and testicular damage in wild mice. Chemosphere 132:135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.03.017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2890_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8080341","volume":"8","author":"S Freire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Freire S, Florczyk AJ, Pesaresi M, Sliuzas R (2019) An improved global analysis of population distribution in proximity to active volcanoes, 1975\u20132015. ISPRS Int J Geo-Information 8:341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi8080341","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo-Information"},{"key":"2890_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-020-00690-4","volume":"43","author":"A Navarro-Sempere","year":"2021","unstructured":"Navarro-Sempere A, Segovia Y, Rodrigues AS et al (2021) First record on mercury accumulation in mice brain living in active volcanic environments: a cytochemical approach. Environ Geochem Health 43:171\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-020-00690-4","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"2890_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2020.1850381","volume":"84","author":"A Navarro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Navarro A, Garc\u00eda M, Rodrigues AS et al (2021) Reactive astrogliosis in the dentate gyrus of mice exposed to active volcanic environments. J Toxicol Environ Heal - Part A Curr Issues 84:213\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15287394.2020.1850381","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Heal - Part A Curr Issues"},{"key":"2890_CR28","unstructured":"Carvalho MR. (1999) Hidrogeologia do Maci\u00e7o Vulcanico de \u00c1gua de Pau\/Fogo (Sao Miguel e A\u00e7ores). Universidade de Lisboa"},{"key":"2890_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.017","volume":"289","author":"E Bagnato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bagnato E, Barra M, Cardellini C et al (2014) First combined flux chamber survey of mercury and CO2 emissions from soil diffuse degassing at Solfatara of Pozzuoli crater, Campi Flegrei (Italy): mapping and quantification of gas release. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 289:26\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2014.10.017","journal-title":"J Volcanol Geotherm Res"},{"key":"2890_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quere J, Vincent J (1989) Determination de l\u2019\u00e2ge chez le mulot gris (Apodemus sylvaticus L ., 1758) par la pesee des cristallins. Mammalia 53:","DOI":"10.1515\/mamm.1989.53.2.287"},{"key":"2890_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/33.3.2579122","volume":"33","author":"G Danscher","year":"1985","unstructured":"Danscher G, Moller-Madsen B (1985) Silver amplification of mercury sulfide and selenide: a histochemical method for light and electron microscopic localization of mercury in tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 33:219\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/33.3.2579122","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"2890_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW (2012) NIH image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature 9:671\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2089","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2890_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370500282902","volume":"18","author":"R Stankovic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stankovic R (2006) Atrophy of large myelinated motor axons and declining muscle grip strength following mercury vapor inhalation in mice. Inhal Toxicol 18:57\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08958370500282902","journal-title":"Inhal Toxicol"},{"key":"2890_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TINS.2009.05.009","volume":"32","author":"ML Block","year":"2009","unstructured":"Block ML, Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as L (2009) Air pollution: mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease. Trends Neurosci 32:506\u2013516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TINS.2009.05.009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"2890_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230252929954","volume":"30","author":"L Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2002","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as L, Azzarelli B, Acuna H et al (2002) Air pollution and brain damage. Toxicol Pathol 30:373\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01926230252929954","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2890_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623307313011","volume":"36","author":"L Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2008","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as L, Solt AC, Henr\u00edquez-Rold\u00e1n C et al (2008) Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid \u03b2-42 and \u03b1-synuclein in children and young adults. Toxicol Pathol 36:289\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0192623307313011","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2890_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEURO.2004.08.003","volume":"26","author":"A Campbell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Campbell A, Oldham M, Becaria A et al (2005) Particulate matter in polluted air may increase biomarkers of inflammation in mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 26:133\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEURO.2004.08.003","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2890_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/782462","author":"S Genc","year":"2012","unstructured":"Genc S, Zadeoglulari Z, Fuss SH, Genc K (2012) The adverse effects of air pollution on the nervous system. J Toxicol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/782462","journal-title":"J Toxicol"},{"key":"2890_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-017-0142-3","volume":"4","author":"RL Jayaraj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jayaraj RL, Rodriguez EA, Wang Y, Block ML (2017) Outdoor ambient air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases: the neuroinflammation hypothesis. Curr Environ Heal reports 4:166\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40572-017-0142-3","journal-title":"Curr Environ Heal reports"},{"key":"2890_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.03.013","volume":"34","author":"AFS Amaral","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amaral AFS, Arruda M, Cabral S, Rodrigues AS (2008) Essential and non-essential trace metals in scalp hair of men chronically exposed to volcanogenic metals in the Azores, Portugal. Environ Int 34:1104\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2008.03.013","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2890_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linhares D, Garcia P, Rodrigues A (2017) Radon exposure and human health: what happens in volcanic environments? In: Radon. Intechopen, London","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.71073"},{"key":"2890_CR42","unstructured":"Linhares D, Garcia P, Rodrigues A (2020) Trace elements in volcanic environments and human health effects. In: Murillo-Tovar M., Saldarriaga-Nore\u00f1a H, Saeid A (eds) Trace elements in the environment - new approaches and recent advances. Intechopen, pp 2\u201321"},{"key":"2890_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162260","volume":"11","author":"R Pamphlett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pamphlett R, Jew SK (2016) Age-related uptake of heavy metals in human spinal interneurons. PLoS ONE 11:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0162260","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2890_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Camarinho R, Navarro-Sempere A, Garcia P V., et al (2021) Chronic exposure to volcanic gaseous elemental mercury: uptake and fate. Environ Geochem Health 1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10653-021-00924-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-021-00924-z"},{"key":"2890_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80217-9","volume":"14","author":"M Aschner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Aschner M, Aschner JL (1990) Mercury neurotoxicity: mechanisms of blood-brain barrier transport. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 14:169\u2013176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80217-9","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2890_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440600845619","volume":"36","author":"TW Clarkson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clarkson TW, Magos L (2006) The toxicology of mercury and its chemical compounds. Crit Rev Toxicol 36:609\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408440600845619","journal-title":"Crit Rev Toxicol"},{"key":"2890_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/949048","author":"B Fernandes Azevedo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fernandes Azevedo B, Barros Furieri L, Pe\u00e7anha FMI et al (2012) Toxic effects of mercury on the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. J Biomed Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/949048","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"2890_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(72)90064-7","volume":"35","author":"LW Chang","year":"1972","unstructured":"Chang LW, Hartmann HA (1972) Electron microscopic histochemical study on the localization and distribution of mercury in the nervous system after mercury intoxication. Exp Neurol 35:122\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4886(72)90064-7","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2890_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220859","volume":"14","author":"R Pamphlett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pamphlett R, Jew SK, Cherepanoff S (2019) Mercury in the retina and optic nerve following prenatal exposure to mercury vapor. PLoS ONE 14:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0220859","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2890_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2009.07.010.THE","volume":"30","author":"FO Johnson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnson FO, Atchison W (2009) Pesticide exposure in development of amyotrophic. Neurotoxicology 30:761\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuro.2009.07.010.THE","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2890_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg117","volume":"126","author":"RM Van den Berg-Vos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van den Berg-Vos RM, Visser J, Franssen H et al (2003) Sporadic lower motor neuron disease with adult onset: classification of subtypes. Brain 126:1036\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awg117","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2890_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00258-4","volume":"135","author":"R Pamphlett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pamphlett R, Waley P (1996) Motor neuron uptake of low dose inorganic mercury. J Neurol Sci 135:63\u201367","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2890_CR53","first-page":"39","volume":"19","author":"R Pamphlett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pamphlett R, Coote P (1998) Entry of low doses of mercury vapor into the nervous system. Neurotoxicol 19:39\u201347","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol"},{"key":"2890_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1993.1127","volume":"121","author":"J Schionning","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schionning J (1993) Retrograde axonal transport of mercury in rat sciatic nerve. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 121:43\u201349","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2890_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410230103","volume":"23","author":"JW Griffin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Griffin JW, Watson DF (1988) Axonal transport in neurological disease. Ann Neurol 23:3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410230103","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2890_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880180511","volume":"18","author":"A Al-Chalabi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Al-Chalabi A, Powell JF, Leigh PN (1995) Neurofilaments, free radicals, excitotoxins, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 18:540\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.880180511","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2890_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s007950000019","volume":"61","author":"J Julien","year":"1998","unstructured":"Julien J, Mushynki W (1998) Neurofilaments in health and disease. Prog Nucleic Acid Res 61:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007950000019","journal-title":"Prog Nucleic Acid Res"},{"key":"2890_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06165.x","volume":"27","author":"TB Shea","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shea TB, Chan WKH (2008) Regulation of neurofilament dynamics by phosphorylation. Eur J Neurosci 27:1893\u20131901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06165.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2890_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.104729","volume":"125","author":"A Yuan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuan A, Rao MV, Veeranna NRA (2012) Neurofilaments at a glance. J Cell Sci 125:3257\u20133263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jcs.104729","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2890_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.03.009","volume":"147","author":"RK Stankovic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stankovic RK, Shingde M, Cullen KM (2005) The experimental toxicology of metallic mercury on the murine peripheral motor system: a novel method of assessing axon calibre spectra using the phrenic nerve. J Neurosci Methods 147:114\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.03.009","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"2890_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(77)90403-7","volume":"107","author":"M Wallin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wallin M, Larsson H, Edstrom A (1977) Tubulin sulfhydryl groups and polymerization in vitro. Exp Cell Res 107:219\u2013225","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"2890_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pa\u0142asz A, Segovia Y, Skowronek R, Worthington JJ (2019) Molecular neurochemistry of the lanthanides. Synapse 73:syn.22119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.22119","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.22119"}],"container-title":["Biological Trace Element Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-021-02890-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12011-021-02890-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-021-02890-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T01:21:26Z","timestamp":1653528086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12011-021-02890-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2890"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-021-02890-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4984","1559-0720"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-4984"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0720"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original version of this paper was updated. Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and all the experimental procedures were approved by the University of the Azores (10\/2020). All procedures were performed conformed with the recommendations of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (ETS 123), directive 2010\/63EU and Portuguese law decree (DL 113\/2013).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}