{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T14:12:43Z","timestamp":1762870363476,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005727","name":"Universidade de Coimbra","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005727","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biol Trace Elem Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lajes Field is an Atlantic Portuguese military air base that has been used by the USA since the Cold War, primarily for intercontinental refueling. For this purpose, large fuel tanks and an extensive pipeline network were constructed within the municipality of Praia da Vit\u00f3ria, on Terceira Island, Azores. Over the past two decades, fuel leaks were detected and confirmed to have contaminated soils and the aquifers that supply water for public use. For the latter, identified contaminants include TPH, PAH, BTEX, VOCs, and metals. Although risk assessment reports have identified unacceptable risks to human health, and journalistic investigations suggest unusually high cancer rates, no assessment on possible human exposure has been conducted to date. To address this gap, metals, serving as a\n                    <jats:italic>proxy<\/jats:italic>\n                    for overall contamination exposure, were measured using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) in the First Identified Skeletal Collection of the Azores (CEI\/A\u00e7ores). A total of 64 skeletons with known places of last residence were selected (44 from Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, where no exposure risk is present, and 20 from Praia da Vit\u00f3ria, where risk is present). No significant differences in mean ages at death were observed between the groups, and sex distribution was similar. Additionally, soil samples from 46 graves were analyzed to assess potential diagenesis. Greater concentrations of Sb, As, Cd, Cr, Au, Mo, Sr, Sn, U, and Zr were found in individuals from Praia da Vit\u00f3ria (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Soil measurements, Pearson\u2019s correlation test, and a principal component analysis suggest that the differences in Zr and As levels can be partially attributed to diagenesis. For the remaining metals, the observed differences likely result from other factors, including potential contamination exposure, particularly for Cd, Cr, and Mo. Although this pioneering study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the subject, further research should be conducted both in the CEI\/A\u00e7ores and the living population to further discuss this issue.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-025-04582-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T21:17:32Z","timestamp":1742505452000},"page":"5515-5526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["pXRF Skeletal Measurements as an Assessment Tool for Environmental Exposure to Lajes Field\u2013Derived Contaminants (Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0202-5802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-7935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio F\u00e9lix","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2620-7352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2437-7780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4582_CR1","unstructured":"Mendes A (2018) Entre o carro de bois e o avi\u00e3o: uma pequena comunidade no centro de uma rivalidade global. Instituto Hist\u00f3rico da Ilha Terceria, Angra do Hero\u00edsmo"},{"key":"4582_CR2","first-page":"55","volume":"28","author":"NS Teixeira","year":"1993","unstructured":"Teixeira NS (1993) Da neutralidade ao alinhamento: Portugal na funda\u00e7\u00e3o do pacto do Atl\u00e2ntico. An\u00e1lise Soc 28:55\u201380","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Soc"},{"issue":"89","key":"4582_CR3","first-page":"43","volume":"99","author":"AJ Telo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Telo AJ (1999) Portugal e a NATO: 1949\u20131976. Primav 99(89):43\u201384","journal-title":"Primav"},{"key":"4582_CR4","unstructured":"Telo AJ (1996)\u00a0As estrat\u00e9gias para o Atl\u00e2ntico nos anos cinquenta, Clio. Revista do Centro de Hist\u00f3ria da\u00a0Universidade de Lisboa. Nova S\u00e9rie 1:117\u2013147. https:\/\/repositorio.ulisboa.pt\/handle\/10451\/39672"},{"key":"4582_CR5","unstructured":"History Office 65th Air Base Wing Lajes Field, Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal United States Air Forces in Europe Command (2007)\u00a0A short history of lajes field, Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. [online publication].\u00a0https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5e25b3811195f14156e54b35\/t\/5f0b74220f4f095f7e6ec608\/1594586150735\/lajes+field.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 4 Nov 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR6","unstructured":"LUSA (2008) In\u00edcio da guerra no Iraque foi ditado h\u00e1 cinco anos na Cimeira das Lajes. P\u00fablico. https:\/\/www.publico.pt\/2008\/03\/16\/mundo\/noticia\/inicio-da-guerra-no-iraque-foi-ditado-ha-cinco-anos-na-cimeira-das-lajes-1322785.\u00a0Accessed 22 Dec 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR7","unstructured":"Amaral R (2014) US-Portuguese relations and Lajes Field Air Base. Naval postgraduate School, Monterey.\u00a0https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/36736643.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 22 Oct 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR8","unstructured":"USA embassy in Portugal (2024) Secret\u00e1ria da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea Norte-Americana Deborah Lee James em Portugal. https:\/\/pt.usembassy.gov\/pt\/az-07132016-pt\/.\u00a0Accessed 12 Dec 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rocha ME (2023) The azorean vector in the Portuguese Foreign Policy. Polit Obs Rev Port Ci\u00eancia Pol\u00edtica 53\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.59071\/2795-4765.rpcp2022.18\/pp.53-67","DOI":"10.59071\/2795-4765.rpcp2022.18\/pp.53-67"},{"key":"4582_CR10","unstructured":"CH2MHILL (2004)\u00a0Discovery of suspected and contaminated sites study. Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal (DISCOstudy\u00a02004). Final Project Report, Kaiserslautern, Germany"},{"key":"4582_CR11","unstructured":"CH2MHILL (2005)\u00a0Hydrogeological report Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal. Final Report, Kaiserslautern, Germany"},{"key":"4582_CR12","unstructured":"Bathe associates (2008) Risk assessment summary of findings for sites 5001 (South Tank Farm), 3001\u00a0(Main Gate Area) and Data Gap Sampling at Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal"},{"key":"4582_CR13","unstructured":"Bathe Environmetal Associates (2008) Risk assessment report for priority sites, Lajes Field"},{"key":"4582_CR14","unstructured":"AMEC (2008) Site characterization plan for the cinder pit tank farm and pipelines at Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal. Site\u00a0characterization report. Praia da Vit\u00f3ria, Portugal"},{"key":"4582_CR15","unstructured":"AMEC (2010)\u00a0Perform site characterizations at Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal- groundwater monitoring-65th civil\u00a0engeneering squadron. Final groundwater report, Praia da Vit\u00f3ria, Portugal"},{"key":"4582_CR16","unstructured":"Sofia Ribeiro (2018) Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental na Ilha Terceira, nos A\u00e7ores, Portugal: Pergunta parlamentar P-000525\/2018, Parlamento Europeu. Eur Parliam. https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/P-8-2018-000525_PT.html.\u00a0Accessed 27 Nov 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR17","unstructured":"IITA (2017)\u00a0An\u00e1lise da situa\u00e7\u00e3o relativa \u00e0 contamina\u00e7\u00e3o da Base das Lajes \u2013 Terceira, A\u00e7ores. Report, Angra do Hero\u00edsmo,\u00a0Portugal. [available online]. https:\/\/rea.azores.gov.pt\/store\/asaterceira\/Relatorio_Final2_IITAA_Lajes2018.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 12 Oct 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR18","unstructured":"LNEC (2016)\u00a0An\u00e1lise e Acompanhamento dos Trabalhos de Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o para melhoria da Situa\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental Emvolvente\u00a0aos Furos de Abastecimento de \u00c1gua do Concelho da Praia da Vit\u00f3ria, A\u00e7ores, Relat\u00f3rio de Progresso. Estudo Realizado para a\u00a0ERSARA. Lisboa, Portugal"},{"key":"4582_CR19","unstructured":"LNEC (2019) An\u00e1lise e acompanhamento dos trabalhos de reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o para melhoria da situa\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental envolvente\u00a0aos furos de abastecimente de \u00e1gua do concelho da Praia da Vit\u00f3ria, A\u00e7ores. Lisboa, Portugal"},{"key":"4582_CR20","unstructured":"LNEC (2020)\u00a0Estudos complementares no \u00e2mbito dos processos de reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental relacionados com a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0da Base das Lajes pelos EUA. Lisboa, Portugal"},{"key":"4582_CR21","unstructured":"Rodrigues F (2018) O semi-incompreens\u00edvel Relat\u00f3rio do LNEC de Junho de 2018. Di\u00e1rio Insul. http:\/\/www.diarioinsular.pt\/.\u00a0Accessed 13 Dec 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR22","unstructured":"45th United States - Portugal Standing Bilateral Commission (2021) Joint statement. Washington D.C. [available online]. https:\/\/portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt\/comunicacao-e-media\/noticias\/declaracao-conjuntarelativa-a-45-reuniao-da-comissao-bilateral-permanente-entre-portugal-e-os-estados-unidos-da-america.\u00a0Accessed 15 Nov 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baris D, Waddell R, Beane Freeman LE, et al (2016) Elevated bladder cancer in northern New England: the role of drinking water and arsenic. J Natl Cancer Inst 108:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djw099","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw099"},{"key":"4582_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104498","volume":"110","author":"E Njale","year":"2024","unstructured":"Njale E, Mahugija JAM, Shilla DJ et al (2024) Association between exposure to heavy metals and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Tanzania. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 110:104498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104498","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4582_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46262-1","volume":"13","author":"M Radfard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Radfard M, Hashemi H, Baghapour MA et al (2023) Prediction of human health risk and disability-adjusted life years induced by heavy metals exposure through drinking water in Fars Province. Iran Sci Rep 13:19080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-46262-1","journal-title":"Iran Sci Rep"},{"key":"4582_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630","volume":"92","author":"G Vagnoni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vagnoni G, Bortolotti E, Checchi S et al (2024) Lead (Pb) in biological samples in association with cancer risk and mortality: a systematic literature review. Cancer Epidemiol 92:102630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canep.2024.102630","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"key":"4582_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113001","volume":"164","author":"AV Skalny","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skalny AV, Aschner M, Sekacheva MI et al (2022) Mercury and cancer: where are we now after two decades of research? Food Chem Toxicol 164:113001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113001","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"4582_CR28","unstructured":"PORDATA (2021)\u00a0Qual a % de pessoas que morrem por doen\u00e7as do aparelho circulat\u00f3rio, aparelho respirat\u00f3rio ou tumores\u00a0malignos?. [online publication]. https:\/\/www.pordata.pt\/municipios.\u00a0Accessed 20 Oct\u00a02024"},{"key":"4582_CR29","unstructured":"TVI (2018)\u00a0TVI (2018) Lajes Confidencial. [online publication].\u00a0https:\/\/tvi.iol.pt\/noticias\/tag\/Lajes+confidencial.\u00a0Accessed 3 Nov 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR30","unstructured":"Di\u00e1rio Insular (2019) Risco elevado de cancro na Praia em tr\u00eas zonas contaminadas [online publication].\u00a0http:\/\/www.diarioinsular.pt\/. Accessed 5 Oct 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR31","unstructured":"Di\u00e1rio Insular (2019) Metais pesados em doentes da Praia da Vit\u00f3ria. [online publication].\u00a0http:\/\/www.diarioinsular.pt\/.\u00a0Accessed 5 Oct 2024"},{"key":"4582_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118514","volume":"250","author":"B Battistini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Battistini B, Greggi C, Visconti VV et al (2024) Metals accumulation affects bone and muscle in osteoporotic patients: a pilot study. Environ Res 250:118514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2024.118514","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"4582_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4854152","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4854152","volume":"2018","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez J, Mandalunis PM (2018) A review of metal exposure and its effects on bone health. J Toxicol 2018:4854152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4854152","journal-title":"J Toxicol"},{"key":"4582_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00840-5","volume":"109","author":"S Zdral","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zdral S, Monge Calleja \u00c1M, Catarino L et al (2021) Elemental composition in female dry femora using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF): association with age and osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 109:231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-021-00840-5","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"4582_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2021.105514","volume":"136","author":"RAMP Gomes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gomes RAMP, Catarino L, Santos AL (2021) Anemia, cribra cranii and elemental composition using portable X-ray fluorescence: a study in individuals from the Coimbra Identified Osteological Collections. J Archaeol Sci 136:105514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jas.2021.105514","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"4582_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-024-04187-4","volume":"203","author":"RAMP Gomes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gomes RAMP, Catarino L, Santos AL (2025) The role of Fe, S, P, Ca, and Sr in porous skeletal lesions: a study on non-adult individuals using pXRF. Biol Trace Elem Res 203:591\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-024-04187-4","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"4582_CR37","unstructured":"Hitachi (2023)\u00a0pXRF XMET8000 expert geo user guide. Tokyo, Japan"},{"key":"4582_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2023.12.004","volume":"44","author":"RAMP Gomes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gomes RAMP, Santos AL, Catarino L (2024) Elemental analysis using portable X-ray fluorescence: guidelines for the study of dry human bone. Int J Paleopathol 44:85\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2023.12.004","journal-title":"Int J Paleopathol"},{"key":"4582_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nachar N (2008) The Mann-Whitney U: a test for assessing whether two independent samples come from the same distribution. Tutor Quant Methods Psychol 4:13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20982\/tqmp.04.1.p013","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.04.1.p013"},{"key":"4582_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Falgayrac G, Vitale R, Delannoy Y, et al (2022) Bone molecular modifications induced by diagenesis followed-up for 12 months. Biology (Basel) 11:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11101542","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11101542"},{"key":"4582_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-06840-1","volume":"27","author":"A Repi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Repi\u0107 A, Bulat P, Antonijevi\u0107 B et al (2020) The influence of smoking habits on cadmium and lead blood levels in the Serbian adult people. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:751\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-019-06840-1","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"4582_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0495-1","volume":"18","author":"H Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li H, Fagerberg B, Sallsten G et al (2019) Smoking-induced risk of future cardiovascular disease is partly mediated by cadmium in tobacco: Malm\u00f6 Diet and Cancer Cohort Study. Environ Heal 18:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-019-0495-1","journal-title":"Environ Heal"},{"key":"4582_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.05.011","volume":"517","author":"JB Paces","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paces JB, Wurster FC (2014) Natural uranium and strontium isotope tracers of water sources and surface water\u2013groundwater interactions in arid wetlands \u2013 Pahranagat Valley, Nevada, USA. J Hydrol 517:213\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2014.05.011","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"4582_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","volume":"99","author":"K Jomova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jomova K, Alomar SY, Nepovimova E et al (2025) Heavy metals: toxicity and human health effects. Arch Toxicol 99:153\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00204-024-03903-2","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"4582_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.1995.10467390","volume":"45","author":"NCG Freeman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Freeman NCG, Wainman T, Lioy PJ et al (1995) The effect of remediation of chromium waste sites on chromium levels in urine of children living in the surrounding neighborhood. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 45:604\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10473289.1995.10467390","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manage Assoc"},{"key":"4582_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8340-4_6","volume":"101","author":"PB Tchounwou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ (2012) Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Exp Suppl 101:133\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7643-8340-4_6","journal-title":"Exp Suppl"},{"key":"4582_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang S, Sun L, Zhang J, et al (2020) Adverse impact of heavy metals on bone cells and bone metabolism dependently and independently through anemia. Adv Sci (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Ger 7:2000383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202000383","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000383"},{"key":"4582_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2013.55","volume":"24","author":"SV Adams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adams SV, Newcomb PA (2014) Cadmium blood and urine concentrations as measures of exposure: NHANES 1999\u20132010. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 24:163\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jes.2013.55","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"4582_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2019.11206","volume":"19","author":"Y Men","year":"2020","unstructured":"Men Y, Li L, Zhang F et al (2020) Evaluation of heavy metals and metabolites in the urine of patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 19:1331\u20131337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2019.11206","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"4582_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218497","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1218497","volume":"10","author":"MSH Akash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akash MSH, Yaqoob A, Rehman K et al (2023) Metabolomics: a promising tool for deciphering metabolic impairment in heavy metal toxicities. Front Mol Biosci 10:1218497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1218497","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"4582_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2020.11402","volume":"19","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li L, Zhang M, Men Y et al (2020) Heavy metals interfere with plasma metabolites, including lipids and amino acids, in patients with breast cancer. Oncol Lett 19:2925\u20132933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ol.2020.11402","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"4582_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.96104s5927","volume":"104","author":"P Strickland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Strickland P, Kang D, Sithisarankul P (1996) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in urine as biomarkers of exposure and effect. Environ Health Perspect 104(Suppl):927\u2013932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.96104s5927","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"4582_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23087","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12413-y","volume":"28","author":"L D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u00edaz de Le\u00f3n-Mart\u00ednez L, Flores-Ram\u00edrez R, Rodriguez-Aguilar M et al (2021) Analysis of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in precarious workers of highly exposed occupational scenarios in Mexico. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:23087\u201323098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-021-12413-y","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"4582_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5302","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.5302","volume":"36","author":"E Kohn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kohn E, Barchel D, Golik A et al (2022) Analysis of 10 urinary BTEX metabolites using LC-MS\/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 36:e5302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bmc.5302","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr"}],"container-title":["Biological Trace Element Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-025-04582-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12011-025-04582-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12011-025-04582-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T14:02:34Z","timestamp":1762869754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12011-025-04582-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4582"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-025-04582-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0720"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0720"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}