{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:05:48Z","timestamp":1790654748179,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5I01CX000683-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5I01CX000683-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AT009475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AT009475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-024-04096-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]],"date-time":"2024-04-27T01:01:42Z","timestamp":1714179702000},"page":"9608-9622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Serotonin Transporter (SLC6A4) and FK506-Binding Protein 5 (FKBP5) Genotype and Methylation Relationships with Response to Meditation in Veterans with PTSD"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8311-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0888-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Thuras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3936-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Baller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8921-7841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9124-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Erbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4932-305X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Polusny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5986-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6676-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baolin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2390-7268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin O.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7653-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4096_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128944","volume":"313","author":"BP Dohrenwend","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dohrenwend BP, Turner JB, Turse NA et al (2006) The psychological risks of Vietnam for U.S. veterans: a revisit with new data and methods. Science 313:979\u2013982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1128944","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4096_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3109\/00048670903393597","volume":"44","author":"LK Richardson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richardson LK, Frueh BC, Acierno R (2010) Prevalence estimates of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: critical review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 44:4\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00048670903393597","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09328","volume":"75","author":"BE Wisco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wisco BE, Marx BP, Wolf EJ et al (2014) Posttraumatic stress disorder in the US veteran population: results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. J Clin Psychiatry 75:1338\u20131346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.14m09328","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000054884","volume":"43","author":"N Brunello","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brunello N, Davidson JRT, Deahl M et al (2001) Posttraumatic stress disorder: diagnosis and epidemiology, comorbidity and social consequences, biology and treatment. Neuropsychobiology 43:150\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000054884","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"4096_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s12207-009-9059-y","volume":"2","author":"J Wald","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wald J, Taylor S (2009) Work impairment and disability in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review and recommendations for psychological injury research and practice. Psychol Inj Law 2:254\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12207-009-9059-y","journal-title":"Psychol Inj Law"},{"key":"4096_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.10.004","volume":"58","author":"AM Gallegos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gallegos AM, Crean HF, Pigeon WR, Heffner KL (2017) Meditation and yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev 58:115\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.10.004","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"4096_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2021.05.003","volume":"24","author":"L-N Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun L-N, Gu J-W, Huang L-J et al (2021) Military-related posttraumatic stress disorder and mindfulness meditation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin J Traumatol 24:221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjtee.2021.05.003","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"4096_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000346","volume":"10","author":"SS Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang SS, Erbes CR, Lamberty GJ et al (2018) Transcendental meditation for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Trauma 10:675\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000346","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"4096_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8361","volume":"314","author":"MA Polusny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polusny MA, Erbes CR, Thuras P et al (2015) Mindfulness-based stress reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 314:456\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.8361","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4096_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22323","volume":"73","author":"KR Stephenson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stephenson KR, Simpson TL, Martinez ME, Kearney DJ (2017) Changes in mindfulness and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among veterans enrolled in mindfulness-based stress reduction. J Clin Psychol 73:201\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22323","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"4096_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000106","volume":"8","author":"KL Heffner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heffner KL, Crean HF, Kemp JE (2016) Meditation programs for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: aggregate findings from a multi-site evaluation.\u00a0Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy 8:365\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/tra0000106","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"key":"4096_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.021","volume":"65","author":"KCR Fox","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fox KCR, Dixon ML, Nijeboer S et al (2016) Functional neuroanatomy of meditation: a review and meta-analysis of 78 functional neuroimaging investigations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 65:208\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"4096_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8468-9","volume":"48","author":"V Jindal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jindal V, Gupta S, Das R (2013) Molecular mechanisms of meditation. Mol Neurobiol 48:808\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-013-8468-9","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4096_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-022-01969-6","volume":"13","author":"I Shapira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shapira I, Richman J, Pace TWW et al (2022) Biomarker response to mindfulness intervention in veterans diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Mindfulness (N Y) 13:2448\u20132460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12671-022-01969-6","journal-title":"Mindfulness (N Y)"},{"key":"4096_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.10.005","volume":"7","author":"SS Kang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kang SS, Sponheim SR, Lim KO (2022) Interoception underlies therapeutic effects of mindfulness meditation for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 7:793\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2021.10.005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"4096_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000224","volume":"52","author":"D Bergen-Cico","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bergen-Cico D, Possemato K, Pigeon W (2014) Reductions in cortisol associated with primary care brief mindfulness program for veterans with PTSD. Med Care 52:S25-31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000224","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"4096_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22255","volume":"72","author":"H Wahbeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wahbeh H, Goodrich E, Goy E, Oken BS (2016) Mechanistic pathways of mindfulness meditation in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychol 72:365\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22255","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"4096_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00033","volume":"8","author":"O Singleton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singleton O, H\u00f6lzel BK, Vangel M et al (2014) Change in brainstem gray matter concentration following a mindfulness-based intervention is correlated with improvement in psychological well-being. Front Hum Neurosci 8:33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00033","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"4096_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.02.004","volume":"80","author":"X Yu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yu X, Fumoto M, Nakatani Y et al (2011) Activation of the anterior prefrontal cortex and serotonergic system is associated with improvements in mood and EEG changes induced by Zen meditation practice in novices. Int J Psychophysiol 80:103\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.02.004","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"4096_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.266","volume":"41","author":"JW Smoller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smoller JW (2016) The genetics of stress-related disorders: PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 41:297\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2015.266","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"4096_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castro-Vale I, Carvalho D (2020) The pathways between cortisol-related regulation genes and PTSD psychotherapy. Healthcare (Basel) 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare8040376","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8040376"},{"key":"4096_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.20190041","volume":"73","author":"EL Goldwaser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goldwaser EL, Miller CWT (2020) The genetic and neural circuitry predictors of benefit from manualized or open-ended psychotherapy. Am J Psychother 73:72\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.20190041","journal-title":"Am J Psychother"},{"key":"4096_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8386","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0304-6","volume":"54","author":"S Iurescia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iurescia S, Seripa D, Rinaldi M (2017) Looking beyond the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism: genetic and epigenetic layers of regulation affecting the serotonin transporter gene expression. Mol Neurobiol 54:8386\u20138403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-016-0304-6","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4096_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13587-015-0017-x","volume":"5","author":"EA Duman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duman EA, Canli T (2015) Influence of life stress, 5-HTTLPR genotype, and SLC6A4 methylation on gene expression and stress response in healthy Caucasian males. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord 5:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13587-015-0017-x","journal-title":"Biol Mood Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"4096_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20825","volume":"28","author":"KC Koenen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koenen KC, Uddin M, Chang S-C et al (2011) SLC6A4 methylation modifies the effect of the number of traumatic events on risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety 28:639\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.20825","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"4096_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.124","volume":"18","author":"R Miller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miller R, Wankerl M, Stalder T et al (2013) The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and cortisol stress reactivity: a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 18:1018\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2012.124","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e443","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2014.88","volume":"4","author":"N Alexander","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alexander N, Wankerl M, Hennig J et al (2014) DNA methylation profiles within the serotonin transporter gene moderate the association of 5-HTTLPR and cortisol stress reactivity. Transl Psychiatry 4:e443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2014.88","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3275","volume":"16","author":"T Klengel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klengel T, Mehta D, Anacker C et al (2013) Allele-specific FKBP5 DNA demethylation mediates gene-childhood trauma interactions. Nat Neurosci 16:33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.3275","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"4096_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0225","volume":"151","author":"RS Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee RS, Tamashiro KLK, Yang X et al (2010) Chronic corticosterone exposure increases expression and decreases deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of Fkbp5 in mice. Endocrinology 151:4332\u20134343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2010-0225","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"4096_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2307-3","volume":"218","author":"RS Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee RS, Tamashiro KLK, Yang X et al (2011) A measure of glucocorticoid load provided by DNA methylation of Fkbp5 in mice. Psychopharmacology 218:303\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-011-2307-3","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4096_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.021","volume":"34","author":"EB Binder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Binder EB (2009) The role of FKBP5, a co-chaperone of the glucocorticoid receptor in the pathogenesis and therapy of affective and anxiety disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34(Suppl 1):S186-195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"4096_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.034","volume":"66","author":"R Yehuda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yehuda R, Cai G, Golier JA et al (2009) Gene expression patterns associated with posttraumatic stress disorder following exposure to the World Trade Center attacks. Biol Psychiatry 66:708\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.034","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00118","volume":"4","author":"R Yehuda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yehuda R, Daskalakis NP, Desarnaud F et al (2013) Epigenetic biomarkers as predictors and correlates of symptom improvement following psychotherapy in combat veterans with PTSD. Front Psychiatry 4:118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00118","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32650","volume":"180","author":"S Roberts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roberts S, Keers R, Breen G et al (2019) DNA methylation of FKBP5 and response to exposure-based psychological therapy. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 180:150\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32650","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"4096_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00418","volume":"9","author":"JR Bishop","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bishop JR, Lee AM, Mills LJ et al (2018) Methylation of FKBP5 and SLC6A4 in relation to treatment response to mindfulness based stress reduction for posttraumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 9:418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00418","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000501646","volume":"88","author":"M Stoffel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stoffel M, Aguilar-Raab C, Rahn S et al (2019) Effects of mindfulness-based stress prevention on serotonin transporter gene methylation. Psychother Psychosom 88:317\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000501646","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"4096_CR37","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association. Task force on DSM-IV","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association, American Psychiatric Association. Task force on DSM-IV (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, Washington","edition":"4"},{"key":"4096_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02105408","volume":"8","author":"DD Blake","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM et al (1995) The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress 8:75\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02105408","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"4096_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","volume":"34","author":"EB Blanchard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, Forneris CA (1996) Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behav Res Ther 34:669\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"4096_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.20.2.131","volume":"20","author":"CM Monson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Monson CM, Gradus JL, Young-Xu Y et al (2008) Change in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: do clinicians and patients agree? Psychol Assess 20:131\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.20.2.131","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"4096_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB (2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16:606\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"4096_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30214","volume":"139B","author":"S-J Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim S-J, Badner J, Cheon K-A et al (2005) Family-based association study of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in Korean ADHD trios. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 139B:14\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.30214","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"4096_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1086\/503850","volume":"78","author":"X-Z Hu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hu X-Z, Lipsky RH, Zhu G et al (2006) Serotonin transporter promoter gain-of-function genotypes are linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Hum Genet 78:815\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/503850","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"4096_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw691","volume":"33","author":"J-P Fortin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fortin J-P, Triche TJJ, Hansen KD (2017) Preprocessing, normalization and integration of the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC array with minfi. Bioinformatics 33:558\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw691","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4096_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw967","volume":"45","author":"W Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou W, Laird PW, Shen H (2017) Comprehensive characterization, annotation and innovative use of Infinium DNA methylation BeadChip probes. Nucleic Acids Res 45:e22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkw967","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4096_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2017-0105","volume":"10","author":"C Jiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiao C, Zhang C, Dai R et al (2018) Positional effects revealed in Illumina methylation array and the impact on analysis. Epigenomics 10:643\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/epi-2017-0105","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"4096_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","volume":"8","author":"WE Johnson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnson WE, Li C, Rabinovic A (2007) Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods. Biostatistics 8:118\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"4096_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murat K, Gr\u00fcning B, Poterlowicz PW et al (2020) Ewastools: infinium human methylation BeadChip pipeline for population epigenetics integrated into galaxy. Gigascience 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gigascience\/giaa049","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giaa049"},{"key":"4096_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-015-0527-y","volume":"16","author":"EA Houseman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Houseman EA, Kelsey KT, Wiencke JK, Marsit CJ (2015) Cell-composition effects in the analysis of DNA methylation array data: a mathematical perspective. BMC Bioinformatics 16:95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12859-015-0527-y","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"4096_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00055","volume":"3","author":"M Vijayendran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vijayendran M, Beach SRH, Plume JM et al (2012) Effects of genotype and child abuse on DNA methylation and gene expression at the serotonin transporter. Front Psychiatry 3:55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2012.00055","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07001.x","volume":"115","author":"KA Jennings","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jennings KA, Lesch K-P, Sharp T, Cragg SJ (2010) Non-linear relationship between 5-HT transporter gene expression and frequency sensitivity of 5-HT signals. J Neurochem 115:965\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07001.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"4096_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.01.004","volume":"44","author":"MA Schiele","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schiele MA, Reif A, Lin J et al (2021) Therapygenetic effects of 5-HTTLPR on cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 44:105\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.01.004","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"4096_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12104","volume":"13","author":"AS Zannas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zannas AS, Binder EB (2014) Gene-environment interactions at the FKBP5 locus: sensitive periods, mechanisms and pleiotropism. Genes Brain Behav 13:25\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gbb.12104","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"4096_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21855","volume":"26","author":"F Gressier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gressier F, Calati R, Balestri M et al (2013) The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. J Trauma Stress 26:645\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21855","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"4096_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66227","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066227","volume":"8","author":"F Navarro-Mateu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Navarro-Mateu F, Esc\u00e1mez T, Koenen KC et al (2013) Meta-analyses of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms and post-traumatic stress disorder. PLoS ONE 8:e66227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0066227","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4096_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16532","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15168-0","volume":"7","author":"M Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao M, Yang J, Wang W et al (2017) Meta-analysis of the interaction between serotonin transporter promoter variant, stress, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Sci Rep 7:16532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-15168-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4096_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.04.058","volume":"273","author":"F Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren F, Ma Y, Zhu X et al (2020) Pharmacogenetic association of bi- and triallelic polymorphisms of SLC6A4 with antidepressant response in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 273:254\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.04.058","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"4096_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.016","volume":"67","author":"RA Bryant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bryant RA, Felmingham KL, Falconer EM et al (2010) Preliminary evidence of the short allele of the serotonin transporter gene predicting poor response to cognitive behavior therapy in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 67:1217\u20131219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.03.016","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa280","volume":"30","author":"RH Mulder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mulder RH, Neumann A, Cecil CAM et al (2021) Epigenome-wide change and variation in DNA methylation in childhood: trajectories from birth to late adolescence. Hum Mol Genet 30:119\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa280","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"4096_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01513-5","volume":"11","author":"R Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang R, Xu C, Bierer LM et al (2021) Longitudinal genome-wide methylation study of PTSD treatment using prolonged exposure and hydrocortisone. Transl Psychiatry 11:398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01513-5","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22177-1","volume":"12","author":"E Hummel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hummel E, Elgizouli M, Sicorello M et al (2022) No evidence for intervention-associated DNA methylation changes in monocytes of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Sci Rep 12:17347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-22177-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4096_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181321","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1181321","volume":"14","author":"R Kumsta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumsta R, Zang JCS, Hummel EM et al (2023) Treatment-associated mRNA co-expression changes in monocytes of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Front Psychiatry 14:1181321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1181321","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.11.1291","volume":"299","author":"EB Binder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Binder EB, Bradley RG, Liu W et al (2008) Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse with risk of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults. JAMA 299:1291\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.299.11.1291","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4096_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.37","volume":"35","author":"P Xie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xie P, Kranzler HR, Poling J et al (2010) Interaction of FKBP5 with childhood adversity on risk for post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:1684\u20131692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2010.37","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"4096_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.037","volume":"270","author":"DA Young","year":"2018","unstructured":"Young DA, Inslicht SS, Metzler TJ et al (2018) The effects of early trauma and the FKBP5 gene on PTSD and the HPA axis in a clinical sample of Gulf War veterans. Psychiatry Res 270:961\u2013966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.03.037","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"4096_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.058","volume":"243","author":"SE Hawn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hawn SE, Sheerin CM, Lind MJ et al (2019) GxE effects of FKBP5 and traumatic life events on PTSD: a meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 243:455\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.09.058","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"4096_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.066","volume":"225","author":"Q Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang Q, Shelton RC, Dwivedi Y (2018) Interaction between early-life stress and FKBP5 gene variants in major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 225:422\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2017.08.066","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"4096_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.4\/kressler","volume":"21","author":"H Howie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howie H, Rijal CM, Ressler KJ (2019) A review of epigenetic contributions to post-traumatic stress disorder. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 21:417\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.4\/kressler","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"4096_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.01.021","volume":"83","author":"N Matosin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matosin N, Halldorsdottir T, Binder EB (2018) Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning gene by environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: the FKBP5 model. Biol Psychiatry 83:821\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.01.021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"4096_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228155","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2228155","volume":"14","author":"K Mattonet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mattonet K, Scharpf F, Block K et al (2023) No association between war-related trauma or PTSD symptom severity and epigenome-wide DNA methylation in Burundian refugees. Eur J Psychotraumatol 14:2228155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008066.2023.2228155","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"}],"container-title":["Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04096-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04096-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04096-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T11:11:27Z","timestamp":1729595487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04096-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-024-04096-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0893-7648","1559-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0893-7648","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-1182","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Clinical data and biological specimens utilized in this study were obtained from participants previously enrolled in two clinical studies conducted at the University of Minnesota and the Minneapolis VA Health Care System. All participants previously provided written, informed consent for the use of data collected for research and donated biological specimens in genetic research approved for use by the Minneapolis VA Medical Center and University of Minnesota institutional review boards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"The contents of this publication and views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the VA, NCCIH, OBSSR, or the National Institutes of Health.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}