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Changes in R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and model fit (F-tests) were examined for four nested regression models predicting Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Base Models included common dementia risk factors. Model-2\u2009=\u2009Base\u2009+\u2009Insomnia Severity Index; Model-3\u2009=\u2009Model-2\u2009+\u2009dose; Model-4\u2009=\u2009Model-3\u2009+\u2009OSA risk; and Model-5\u2009=\u2009Model-4\u2009+\u2009OSA-BZRA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for the base model predicting MMSE was 0.139 (n\u2009=\u2009313), 0.241 for TMT-A (n\u2009=\u2009298), 0.229 for TMT-B (n\u2009=\u2009287), and 0.189 for DSST (n\u2009=\u2009285). Model-5 R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      was 0.142 for MMSE, 0.246 for TMT-A, 0.238 for TMT-B, and 0.190 for DSST, with all F-test p-values &gt;.145.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleep disorder variables did not significantly explain additional variation in cognition performance. Studies with a wider range of cognitive performance are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-026-09684-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:08:12Z","timestamp":1793275692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sleep and Cognitive Performance: Exploring Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonist Use, Insomnia Symptoms, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Lydia","family":"Ann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tue","family":"Te","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Alessi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Dzierzewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Josephson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saadia","family":"Naeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Der-Mcleod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Ghadimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Zeidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5769-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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