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This paper is based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) 2022 study. 5809 students from 6th (29.6%), 8th (33.5%), and 10th (37%) grades responded, of whom 50.9% were female, with a mean age of 14.09\u00a0years (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.82). The results allow us to study and identify similarities and differences between four groups from an ecological perspective: happy girls, happy boys, unhappy girls, and unhappy boys. For both boys and girls, quality of life, low psychological symptoms, and body image best explain their well-being. Among unhappy girls, the mother's job, life satisfaction, health literacy, communication with the father, and relationship with teachers explain their well-being. In the case of unhappy boys, in addition to these variables, the father's job and the relationship with the family also explain their well-being.. Mental health factors, such as life satisfaction, quality of life, and low psychological symptoms, explain well-being in both boys and girls. For happy girls, age, mother's job, stress management, health literacy, and liking school explain their well-being. Happy boys report that not being so sad that they cannot stand it, not having worries, having a good relationship with teachers, and feeling safe in their living area contribute to their well-being. We conclude that unhappy adolescents are the ones who report more socioeconomic and family relationship difficulties, especially in communication with their fathers. Girls have weaker psychological health indicators and a more negative body image.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-023-10092-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T03:02:14Z","timestamp":1702436534000},"page":"845-868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Who are the Happy Girls? 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