{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:38:23Z","timestamp":1773268703532,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EGE-OGE\/31635\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EGE-OGE\/31635\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int Rev Public Nonprofit Mark"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12208-025-00457-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T09:31:10Z","timestamp":1758879070000},"page":"1-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The social innovation process: exploring critical success factors and the role of higher education institutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6267-708X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3927-0468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3515-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1313-2523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Lopes","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-4185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaize","family":"Dall-Orsoletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"457_CR1","unstructured":"Adams, D., & Hess, M. (2008). Social innovation as a new public administration strategy. University of Tasmania. https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/102.100.100\/520712"},{"key":"457_CR2","unstructured":"Anderson, M. M., Domanski, D., & Howaldt, J. (2020). Social innovation as a chance and a challenge for higher education institutions: Why higher education institutions are important for social innovation and how they can promote social innovation initiatives and projects. In J. Howaldt, C. Kaletka, A. Schroder, & M. Zirngiebl (Eds.), Atlas of social innovation (2nd ed., pp. 51\u201354). Oekom."},{"issue":"2","key":"457_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/19420676.2012.726005","volume":"3","author":"N Antadze","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antadze, N., & Westley, F. R. (2012). Impact metrics for social innovation: Barriers or bridges to radical change? Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 133\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19420676.2012.726005","journal-title":"Journal of Social Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"457_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120518","volume":"164","author":"M Bellandi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bellandi, M., Donati, L., & Cataneo, A. (2021). Social innovation governance and the role of universities: Cases of quadruple helix partnerships in Italy. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 164, 120518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120518","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change"},{"issue":"4","key":"457_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1108\/EJIM-10-2013-0099","volume":"18","author":"P Benneworth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benneworth, P., & Cunha, J. (2015). Universities\u2019 contributions to social innovation: Reflections in theory & practice. European Journal of Innovation Management, 18(4), 508\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/EJIM-10-2013-0099","journal-title":"European Journal of Innovation Management"},{"key":"457_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benneworth, P., Cunha, J., & Cinar, R. (2020). Regional Helix Ecosystems and Sustainable Growth (L. Farinha, D. Santos, J. J. Ferreira, & M. Ranga (Eds.)). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-47697-7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-47697-7"},{"key":"457_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-024-03236-6","author":"KM Benzies","year":"2024","unstructured":"Benzies, K. M., Nicholas, D. B., Hayden, K. A., Barnas, T., de Koning, A., Bharwani, A., Armstrong, J., & Day, J. (2024). Defining social innovation for post-secondary educational institutions: A concept analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-024-03236-6","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"},{"issue":"0","key":"457_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19420676.2024.2345378","volume":"0","author":"J Berg-Postweiler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berg-Postweiler, J., & Leicht-Scholten, C. (2024). Investigating the institutional embedding of social innovation at five leading technical universities in Europe. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 0(0), 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19420676.2024.2345378","journal-title":"Journal of Social Entrepreneurship"},{"issue":"December 2024","key":"457_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sftr.2025.100645","volume":"9","author":"UR Budumuru","year":"2025","unstructured":"Budumuru, U. R., & Paruchuru, M. (2025). Tracing the evolution of ecosystems in social entrepreneurship: Perspectives on innovation and sustainability. Sustainable Futures, 9(December 2024), 100645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sftr.2025.100645","journal-title":"Sustainable Futures"},{"key":"457_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bui, P. L. A., Le, H. N. T., & Hazenberg, R. (2025). The growth of social innovation research in higher education institutions (HEIs). International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSHE-04-2024-0299","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-04-2024-0299"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.05.008","volume":"82","author":"G Cajaiba-Santana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cajaiba-Santana, G. (2014). Social innovation: Moving the field forward. A conceptual framework. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 82(1), 42\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.05.008","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change"},{"key":"457_CR12","unstructured":"Caulier-Grice, J., Davies, A., Patrick, R., & Norman, W. (2012). Defining Social Innovation. A deliverable of the project: The theoretical, empirical and policy foundations for building social innovation in Europe (TEPSIE)."},{"key":"457_CR13","unstructured":"CENTRAL. (n.d.). The Third Mission. Central European Network for Teaching and Research in Academic Liaison. Retrieved June 16, 2025, from https:\/\/central-network.eu\/outreach\/the-third-mission\/"},{"key":"457_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ciccarino, I., da Silva, J., & Rodrigues, S. (2022). Changes in the Portuguese social economy identified by a social entrepreneurial taxonomy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376(August 2021), 134268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134268"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/21681376.2019.1583602","volume":"6","author":"R Cinar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cinar, R. (2019). Delving into social entrepreneurship in universities: Is it legitimate yet? Regional studies. Regional Science, 6(1), 217\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21681376.2019.1583602","journal-title":"Regional Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"457_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/grow.12367","volume":"52","author":"R Cinar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cinar, R., & Benneworth, P. (2021). Why do universities have little systemic impact with social innovation? An institutional logics perspective. Growth and Change, 52(2), 751\u2013769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/grow.12367","journal-title":"Growth and Change"},{"issue":"August","key":"457_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120284","volume":"161","author":"L Compagnucci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Compagnucci, L., & Spigarelli, F. (2020). The third mission of the university: A systematic literature review on potentials and constraints. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 161(August), 120284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120284","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change"},{"key":"457_CR18","unstructured":"Cunha, J., & Benneworth, P. (2013). Universities\u2019 contributions to social innovation: towards a theoretical framework. European Urban Research Association (EURA) Conference, 1\u201331."},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s12208-019-00240-4","volume":"17","author":"J Cunha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cunha, J., & Benneworth, P. (2020). How to measure the impact of social innovation initiatives? International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 17(1), 59\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12208-019-00240-4","journal-title":"International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing"},{"issue":"8","key":"457_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1080\/13504509.2022.2084795","volume":"29","author":"J Cunha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cunha, J., Ferreira, C., Ara\u00fajo, M., Nunes, M. L., & Ferreira, P. (2022). Social innovation projects link to sustainable development goals: Case of Portugal. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 29(8), 725\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13504509.2022.2084795","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2007.00632.x","volume":"85","author":"HF de Boer","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Boer, H. F., Enders, J., & Leisyte, L. (2007). Public sector reform in Dutch higher education: The organizational transformation of the university. Public Administration, 85(1), 27\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2007.00632.x","journal-title":"Public Administration"},{"key":"457_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Di Maso, A., Cal\u00f2, F., Capo, F., & Sancino, A. (2025). Exploring the Mechanisms of Transformative Social Innovation: Empirical Data Through a Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 0(0), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19420676.2025.2492058.","DOI":"10.1080\/19420676.2025.2492058"},{"issue":"3","key":"457_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-023-03038-x","volume":"26","author":"M Dionisio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dionisio, M., de Souza Junior, S. J., Paula, F., & Pellanda, P. C. (2024). The role of digital social innovations to address sdgs: A systematic review. Environment Development and Sustainability, 26(3), 5709\u20135734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-023-03038-x","journal-title":"Environment Development and Sustainability"},{"key":"457_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.03.012","volume":"119","author":"M Edwards-Schachter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edwards-Schachter, M., & Wallace, M. L. (2017). Shaken, but not stirred\u2019: Sixty years of defining social innovation. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 119, 64\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techfore.2017.03.012","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change"},{"key":"457_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11020522","author":"GM Eichler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eichler, G. M., & Schwarz, E. J. (2019). What sustainable development goals do social innovations address? A systematic review and content analysis of social innovation literature. Sustainability. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11020522","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"457_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Evans, T. L. (2019). Competencies and pedagogies for sustainability education: A roadmap for sustainability studies program development in colleges and universities. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 19). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11195526","DOI":"10.3390\/su11195526"},{"key":"457_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2015.06.005","volume":"16","author":"J Evans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Evans, J., Jones, R., Karvonen, A., Millard, L., & Wendler, J. (2015). Living labs and co-production: University campuses as platforms for sustainability science. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 16, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosust.2015.06.005","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-07-2017-0114","volume":"20","author":"F Findler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Findler, F., Sch\u00f6nherr, N., Lozano, R., Reider, D., & Martinuzzi, A. (2019a). The impacts of higher education institutions on sustainable development: A review and conceptualization. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 20(1), 23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSHE-07-2017-0114","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education"},{"key":"457_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Findler, F., Sch\u00f6nherr, N., Lozano, R., & Stacherl, B. (2019b). Assessing the impacts of higher education institutions on sustainable development-an analysis of tools and indicators. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11010059","DOI":"10.3390\/su11010059"},{"issue":"2","key":"457_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-03-2020-0086","volume":"22","author":"M Groulx","year":"2021","unstructured":"Groulx, M., Nowak, N., Levy, K., & Booth, A. (2021). Community needs and interests in university\u2013community partnerships for sustainable development. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(2), 274\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSHE-03-2020-0086","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education"},{"key":"457_CR31","unstructured":"Haxeltine, A., Avelino, F., Pel, B., Dumitru, A., Kemp, R., Longhurst, N., Chilvers, J., & Wittmayer, J. M. (2016). A Framework for transformative social innovation. TRANSIT Working Paper 5, 5(2\u20131), 1\u201333. http:\/\/www.transitsocialinnovation.eu\/"},{"key":"457_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Howaldt, J., & Schwarz, M. (2010). Social innovation: Concepts, research fields and international trends. In International Monitoring (IMO). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-3287(85)90040-0","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-3287(85)90040-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"457_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/IJSHE-04-2021-0162","volume":"23","author":"Q Iqbal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iqbal, Q., & Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2022). Sustainable leadership in higher education institutions: Social innovation as a mechanism. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(8), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJSHE-04-2021-0162","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education"},{"key":"457_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jareh, A. (2025). Sustainable social innovation as a solution for systemic change and resilience. Sustainability (Switzerland), 17(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17041583","DOI":"10.3390\/su17041583"},{"key":"457_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig, J., Suwala, L., & Delargy, C. (2020). Helix Models of Innovation and Sustainable Development Goals. 473\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-95873-6_91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95873-6_91"},{"issue":"3","key":"457_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1080\/10580530.2014.923265","volume":"31","author":"G Krlev","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krlev, G., Bund, E., & Mildenberger, G. (2014). Measuring what matters-Indicators of social innovativeness on the national level. Information Systems Management, 31(3), 200\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10580530.2014.923265","journal-title":"Information Systems Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su12010307","volume":"12","author":"R Kumari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumari, R., Kwon, K. S., Lee, B. H., & Choi, K. (2020). Co-creation for social innovation in the ecosystem context: The role of higher educational institutions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1), 1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su12010307","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"key":"457_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lepik, K. L., & Urmanavi\u010dien\u0117, A. (2022). The role of higher education institutions in development of social entrepreneurship: The case of Tallinn university social entrepreneurship study program, Estonia. In C. P\u0103unescu, K. L. Lepik, & N. Spencer (Eds.), Social innovation in higher education: Landscape, practices, and opportunities (pp. 129\u2013152). Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-84044-0_7"},{"key":"457_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-024-04928-4","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, Y. (2024). A systematic literature review on social innovation for sustainable development in China. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10668-024-04928-4","journal-title":"Environment, Development and Sustainability"},{"issue":"October","key":"457_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2023.1247293","volume":"8","author":"K Maldonado-Mariscal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maldonado-Mariscal, K. (2023). Grassroots innovation and social innovation in perspective. Frontiers in Sociology, 8(October), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsoc.2023.1247293","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sociology"},{"key":"457_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDonnell-Naughton, M., & P\u0103unescu, C. (2022). Facets of social innovation in higher education. In C. P\u0103unescu, K. L. Lepik, & N. Spencer (Eds.), Social innovation in higher education: Landscape, practices, and opportunities (pp. 9\u201338). Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-84044-0_2"},{"key":"457_CR42","unstructured":"Millard, J. (2018). How Social Innovation underpins Sustainable Development. In J. Howaldt, C. Kaletka, A. Schroder, & M. Zirngiebl (Eds.), Atlas of Social Innovation (1st ed., pp. 41\u201343). SI Drive. http:\/\/workspace.unpan.org\/sites\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"457_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su13073594","volume":"13","author":"S Monteiro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monteiro, S., Isusi-Fagoaga, R., Almeida, L., & Garc\u00eda-Aracil, A. (2021). Contribution of higher education institutions to social innovation: Practices in two Southern European universities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(7), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13073594","journal-title":"Sustainability (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"457_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1108\/SBR-06-2023-0176","volume":"19","author":"M Morsy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morsy, M., Trott, P., & Cho, D. S. (2024). Corporate social innovation: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Society and Business Review, 19(3), 523\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/SBR-06-2023-0176","journal-title":"Society and Business Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"457_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1162\/itgg.2006.1.2.145","volume":"1","author":"G Mulgan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mulgan, G. (2006). The process of social innovation. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 1(2), 145\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/itgg.2006.1.2.145","journal-title":"Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization"},{"key":"457_CR46","unstructured":"Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Ali, R., Sanders, B., Tucker, S., & Rushanara, A. (2007). Social innovation: What it is, Why it matters and How it can be accelerated. In Scientist (Issue August)."},{"key":"457_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murray, R., Caulier-Grice, J., & Mulgan, G. (2010). The Open Book of Social Innovation (Vol. 1). Young Foundation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030166","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030166"},{"issue":"3","key":"457_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/09504222241288488","volume":"39","author":"MMS Nat\u00e1rio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nat\u00e1rio, M. M. S., & Oliveira, P. (2025). How higher education institutions may catalyse regional innovation ecosystems: The case of polytechnics in Portugal. Industry and Higher Education, 39(3), 365\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09504222241288488","journal-title":"Industry and Higher Education"},{"key":"457_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9523.2011.00553.x","volume":"52","author":"S Neumeier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neumeier, S. (2012). Why do social innovations in rural development matter and should they be considered more seriously in rural development research? \u2013 Proposal for a stronger focus on social innovations in rural development research. Sociologia Ruralis, 52, 48\u201369.","journal-title":"Sociologia Ruralis"},{"key":"457_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nicholls, A., & Dees, J. G. (2015). Social Innovation. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (pp. 355\u2013361). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-08-097086-8.73105-9","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-097086-8.73105-9"},{"issue":"April","key":"457_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.04.028","volume":"101","author":"PRA Oeij","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oeij, P. R. A., van der Torre, W., Vaas, F., & Dhondt, S. (2019). Understanding social innovation as an innovation process: Applying the innovation journey model. Journal of Business Research, 101(April), 243\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbusres.2019.04.028","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/14730952231182610","volume":"24","author":"E Ostanel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ostanel, E. (2025). Innovation in strategic planning: Social innovation and co-production under a common analytical framework. Planning Theory, 24(1), 64\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14730952231182610","journal-title":"Planning Theory"},{"issue":"16","key":"457_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7114","DOI":"10.3390\/su16167114","volume":"16","author":"L Pamplona","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pamplona, L., Estellita Lins, M., Xavier, A., & Almeida, M. (2024). Transformative social innovation as a guideline to enhance the sustainable development goals\u2019 framework. Sustainability, 16(16), 7114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su16167114","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"8","key":"457_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.3390\/su17083427","volume":"17","author":"E Planells-Aleixandre","year":"2025","unstructured":"Planells-Aleixandre, E., Garc\u00eda-Aracil, A., & Isusi-Fagoaga, R. (2025). University\u2019s contribution to society. Benchmarking of Social Innovation Sustainability, 17(8), 3427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su17083427","journal-title":"Benchmarking of Social Innovation Sustainability"},{"issue":"6","key":"457_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2009.02.011","volume":"38","author":"E Pol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pol, E., & Ville, S. (2009). Social innovation: Buzz word or enduring term? The Journal of Socio-Economics, 38(6), 878\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socec.2009.02.011","journal-title":"The Journal of Socio-Economics"},{"key":"457_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preskill, H., & Beer, T. (2012). Evaluating social innovation. In Center for Evaluation Innovation (Issue 1).","DOI":"10.22163\/fteval.2012.119"},{"issue":"5","key":"457_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1080\/03075079.2022.2055320","volume":"47","author":"R Pugh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pugh, R., Hamilton, E., Soetanto, D., Jack, S., Gibbons, A., & Ronan, N. (2022). Nuancing the roles of entrepreneurial universities in regional economic development. Studies in Higher Education, 47(5), 964\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03075079.2022.2055320","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"457_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stae.2025.100110","volume":"4","author":"R Raman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Raman, R., Alka, T. A., Suresh, M., & Nedungadi, P. (2025). Social entrepreneurship and sustainable technologies: Impact on communities, social innovation, and inclusive development. Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 100110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stae.2025.100110","journal-title":"Sustainable Technology and Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"457_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reimann, K. L. (2019). Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe. Updated country report: Estonia. Publications Office of the European Union. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2767\/279418","DOI":"10.2767\/279418"},{"issue":"4","key":"457_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2023.2242422","volume":"32","author":"E Rodr\u00edguez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, E., Cervera-Taulet, A., & Peri\u00e1\u00f1ez-Ca\u00f1adillas, I. (2023). Assessing social value derived from social innovation capacity: A review on the European urban context. European Planning Studies, 32(4), 904\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09654313.2023.2242422","journal-title":"European Planning Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"457_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3390\/world3030027","volume":"3","author":"M Taliento","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taliento, M. (2022). The triple mission of the modern university: Component interplay and performance analysis from Italy. World, 3(3), 489\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/world3030027","journal-title":"World"},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/14479338.2016.1256780","volume":"19","author":"AH Van de Ven","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van de Ven, A. H. (2017). The innovation journey: You can\u2019t control it, but you can learn to maneuver it. Innovation, 19(1), 39\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14479338.2016.1256780","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"issue":"9","key":"457_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2016.06.010","volume":"45","author":"RP van der Have","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Have, R. P., & Rubalcaba, L. (2016). Social innovation research: An emerging area of innovation studies? Research Policy, 45(9), 1923\u20131935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.respol.2016.06.010","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"457_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vorley, T., & Nelles, J. (2008). (Re)Conceptualising the Academy: Institutional Development of and beyond the Third Mission. In Higher Education Management and Policy (Vol. 20, Issue 3, pp. 1\u201318). OECD Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/hemp-v20-art25-en","DOI":"10.1787\/hemp-v20-art25-en"},{"key":"457_CR65","unstructured":"Westley, F., & Antadze, N. (2010). Making a difference: Strategies for scaling social innovation for greater impact. The Innovation Journal: the Public Section Innovation Journal, 15(2). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:13862097"},{"key":"457_CR66","unstructured":"Westley, F., Zimmerman, B., & Patton, M. (2007). Getting to Maybe: How the World Is Changed. Vintage Canada."},{"issue":"1","key":"457_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-023-01759-y","volume":"10","author":"YJ Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, Y. J., Goh, M., & Mai, Y. (2023). Social innovation and higher education: Evolution and future promise. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-023-01759-y","journal-title":"Humanities and Social Sciences Communications"}],"container-title":["International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12208-025-00457-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12208-025-00457-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12208-025-00457-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:51:16Z","timestamp":1773211876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12208-025-00457-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12208-025-00457-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1984","1865-1992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1984","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1992","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The interviewees were asked to give their informed consent before answering the questions of the semi-structured interview guide.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}