{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T15:42:38Z","timestamp":1740152558656,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["031208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["031208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005765","name":"Universidade de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Estuaries and Coasts"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Tagus Estuary is one of the largest in Europe with 320 km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, and it has been, for centuries, a gateway to Lisbon. This study focuses on the Moita-Montijo Bay and on the recent dynamics of its tidal flats and saltmarshes. Aerial photographs, orthomosaics, and very high-resolution satellite imagery were used to analyze landcover and shoreline changes. Tidal flats have shown expansion from 1977 to 1995, but since then, contraction dominated, with a change of position of the tidal flat edge of\u2009\u22122.8\u00a0m\/year in the north bank and\u2009\u22124.2\u00a0m\/year in the south bank of the Montijo channel. Most contraction occurred along the route of the fast transport catamarans that started operating in 1995, while in the sector without catamaran navigation, expansion was observed. Saltmarshes have been suffering contraction since 1958, with increased rates after 1995 (\u22120.38 to\u2009\u22120.44\u00a0m\/year), especially along the catamaran route (\u22120.57 to\u2009\u22121.27\u00a0m\/year). The analysis of the wake generated by different vessel types shows a wake increase with the catamarans, in agreement with the increase in contraction along the Montijo channel. Inside abandoned salt pans, saltmarshes expanded. Since 1995, major changes are also observed along the tidal flat margin, with the formation of coarse lag deposits of coarse sands and shells. Given the contraction increase associated with catamaran traffic and the resulting degradation of the tidal flat and the saltmarshes, it is important to introduce measures for containing contraction.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-023-01198-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1682604166000},"page":"1141-1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in Vessel Traffic Disrupt Tidal Flats and Saltmarshes in the Tagus Estuary, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8940-4762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2767-6671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Alves da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9079-657X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-446X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Can\u00e1rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7611-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1198_CR1","unstructured":"Agardy, T., J. Alder, P. Dayton, S. Curran, A. Kitchingman, M. Wilson, A. Catenazzi, J. Restrepo, C. Birkeland, S.J.M. Blaber, S. Saifullah, G.M. Branch, D. Boersma, S. Nixon, P. Dugan, N. Davidson, and C. V\u00f6r\u00f6smarty. 2005. Coastal systems. In Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends, ed. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 513\u2013549. Washington, DC: Island Press."},{"key":"1198_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-3791(99)00034-7","volume":"19","author":"JRL Allen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Allen, J.R.L. 2000. Morphodynamics of Holocene salt marshes: A review sketch from the Atlantic and Southern North Sea coasts of Europe. Quaternary Scince Reviews 19: 1155\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0277-3791(99)00034-7.","journal-title":"Quaternary Scince Reviews"},{"key":"1198_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse7030061","volume":"7","author":"C Antunes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antunes, C. 2019. Assessment of sea level rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and its projection for the 21st century. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7: 61.","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"1198_CR4","unstructured":"Autoridade da Mobilidade e dos Transportes. 2019. Parecer n.\u00ba 59\/2019 - Contrato de servi\u00e7o p\u00fablico de transporte fluvial de passageiros entre o Estado Portugu\u00eas e a Transtejo - Transportes, S.A. e a Soflusa - Sociedade Fluvial de Transportes, S.A. https:\/\/www.amt-autoridade.pt\/pareceres-e-pron%C3%BAncias\/pareceres\/parecer-n%C2%BA-592019-parecer-pr%C3%A9vio-vinculativo-da-amt-sobre-o-contrato-de-servi%C3%A7o-p%C3%BAblico-de-transporte-fluvial-de-passageiros-entre-o-estado-portugu%C3%AAs-transtejo-soflusa\/. Accessed 5 May 2021."},{"key":"1198_CR5","unstructured":"Baptista, A. 2012. Regenera\u00e7\u00e3o urbana e patrim\u00f3nio industrial: uma proposta para o Montijo. Reposit\u00f3rio da Universidade de Lisboa. https:\/\/repositorio.ul.pt\/handle\/10451\/9372. Accessed 20 May 2022."},{"key":"1198_CR6","unstructured":"Bettencourt, A., V. Gomes, A. Dias, G. Ferreira, M. C. Silva, L. Costa, 2003. Estu\u00e1rios Portugueses. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o dos Servi\u00e7os de Planeamento, Instituto da \u00c1gua, Minist\u00e9rio das Cidades, Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio e Ambiente, Lisboa."},{"key":"1198_CR7","unstructured":"Bilkovic, D., M. Mitchell, J. Davis, E. Andrews, A. King, P. Mason, J. Herman, N. Tahvildari, and Davis, J. 2017. Review of boat wake wave impacts on shoreline erosion and potential solutions for the Chesapeake Bay. STAC Publication, 17\u2013002. Edgewater, Maryland."},{"key":"1198_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/08920753.2016.1160201","volume":"44","author":"DM Bilkovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bilkovic, D.M., M. Mitchell, P. Mason, and K. Duhring. 2016. The role of living shorelines as estuarine habitat conservation strategies. Coastal Management 44: 161\u2013174.","journal-title":"Coastal Management"},{"key":"1198_CR9","volume-title":"Coastal geomorphology: An introduction","author":"EC Bird","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bird, E.C. 2011. Coastal geomorphology: An introduction. England: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"1198_CR10","unstructured":"Boorman, L. 2003. Saltmarsh review. An overview of coastal saltmarshes, their dynamic and sensitivity characteristics for conservation and management. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Report No. 334."},{"key":"1198_CR11","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Estuaries: Classification, Ecology and Human Impacts","author":"I Ca\u00e7ador","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ca\u00e7ador, I., and B. Duarte. 2012. Tagus estuary salt marshes structure and dynamics: A historical perspective. In Estuaries: Classification, Ecology and Human Impacts, ed. S. Jordan, 41\u201356. New York: Nova Science Publishers Inc."},{"key":"1198_CR12","unstructured":"Ca\u00e7ador, M. I., C. Vale. 2001. Salt marshes. In Metals in the environment: Analysis by biodiversity, ed. M. Prasad. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc."},{"key":"1198_CR13","unstructured":"C\u00e2mara Municipal do Montijo. 2011. Analysis and diagnostics: characterization studies, charapter VIII, accessibility and transports. In First Revision of the Municipal Master Plan of Montijo. https:\/\/www.mun-montijo.pt\/investir\/ordenamento-do-territorio\/plano-diretor-municipal\/revisao-do-pdm. Accessed 30 May 2022."},{"key":"1198_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02730472","volume":"6","author":"JM Castillo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Castillo, J.M., C.J. Luque, E.M. Castellanos, and M.E. Figueroa. 2000. Causes and consequences of salt-marsh erosion in an Atlantic estuary in SW Spain. Journal of Coastal Conservation. 6: 89\u201396.","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Conservation."},{"key":"1198_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ces\u00e1rio, R., N.J. O\u2019Driscoll, S. Justino, C.E. Wilson, C.E. Monteiro, and H. Zilh\u00e3o. 2021. Air concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury and vegetation\u2013air fluxes within Saltmarshes of the Tagus Estuary. Portugal: Atmosphere. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos12020228.","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12020228"},{"key":"1198_CR16","first-page":"20","volume":"6","author":"MJ Costa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Costa, M.J. 2021. Tagus Estuary: Where the river meets the sea. Lisboa: Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Afrontamento. Dias, A. 1990. A morte das Ostras do Sado e do Tejo. Correio Da Natureza 6: 20\u201323.","journal-title":"Correio Da Natureza"},{"key":"1198_CR17","first-page":"20","volume":"6","author":"A Dias","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dias, A. 1990. A morte das Ostras do Sado e do Tejo. Correio Da Natureza 6: 20\u201323.","journal-title":"Correio Da Natureza"},{"key":"1198_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1652\/1400-0350(2004)010[0129:CSAHP]2.0.CO;2","volume":"10","author":"JP Doody","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doody, J.P. 2004. \u2018Coastal squeeze\u2019 - an historical perspective. Journal of Coastal Conservation 10: 129\u2013138.","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Conservation"},{"key":"1198_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-4343(00)00011-X","author":"KR Dyer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dyer, K.R., M.C. Christie, and E.W. Wright. 2000. The classification of intertidal mudflats. Continental Shelf Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0278-4343(00)00011-X.","journal-title":"Continental Shelf Research"},{"key":"1198_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecss.2012.02.007","volume":"113","author":"G Fontolan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fontolan, G., S. Pillon, A. Bezzi, R. Villalta, M. Lipizer, A. Triches, and A. D\u2019Aietti. 2012. Human impact and the historical transformation of saltmarshes in the Marano and Grado Lagoon, northern Adriatic Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 113: 41\u201356.","journal-title":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science."},{"key":"1198_CR21","unstructured":"Freire, P. 2003. Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o Morfo-Sedimentar de Margens Estuarinas: Estu\u00e1rio do Tejo, Portugal. DSpace Repository. http:\/\/repositorio.lnec.pt:8080\/xmlui\/handle\/123456789\/8729. Accessed 23 May 2022."},{"key":"1198_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2112\/SI65-082.1","author":"P Freire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freire, P., N.L. Jackson, and K.F. Nordstrom. 2013. Defining beaches and their evolutionary states in estuaries. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2112\/SI65-082.1.","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue."},{"key":"1198_CR23","first-page":"183","volume":"56","author":"P Freire","year":"2009","unstructured":"Freire, P., \u00d3. Ferreira, R. Taborda, F.S.B.F. Oliveira, A.R. Carrasco, A. Silva, C. Vargas, R. Capit\u00e3o, C.J. Fortes, J.A. Santos, and A. Coli. 2009. Morphodynamics of fetch-limited beaches in contrasting environments. Journal of Coastal Research. 56: 183\u2013187.","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Research."},{"key":"1198_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18055\/Finis2440","author":"J Gaspar","year":"1970","unstructured":"Gaspar, J. 1970. Os portos fluviais do Tejo. Finisterra. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18055\/Finis2440.","journal-title":"Finisterra"},{"key":"1198_CR25","first-page":"749","volume":"21","author":"RE Grizzle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grizzle, R.E., J.R. Adams, and L.J. Walters. 2002. Historical changes in intertidal oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in a Florida lagoon potentially related to boating activities. Journal of Shellfish Research. 21: 749\u2013756.","journal-title":"Journal of Shellfish Research."},{"key":"1198_CR26","unstructured":"Guerreiro, M., A. B. Fortunato, P. Freire, A. Rilo, R. Taborda, M. C. Freitas, C. Andrade, and T. Silva. 2012. Consequ\u00eancias da subida do n\u00edvel m\u00e9dio do mar na hidrodin\u00e2mica do estu\u00e1rio do Tejo. Actas das 2as Jornadas de Engenharia Hidrogr\u00e1fica, 341\u2013344."},{"key":"1198_CR27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Barrier Islands","author":"MO Hayes","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hayes, M.O. 1979. Barrier island morphology as a function of tidal and wave regime. In Barrier Islands, ed. S.P. Leatherman, 1\u201327. New York: Academic Press."},{"key":"1198_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Himmelstoss, E. A., R. E. Henderson, M. G. Kratzmann, and A. S. Farris. 2018. Digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) version 5.0 user guide. US Geological Survey.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/ofr20181179.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr20181179"},{"key":"1198_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2112\/08-1084.1","volume":"26","author":"C Houser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Houser, C. 2010. Relative importance of vessel-generated and wind waves to salt marsh erosion in a restricted fetch environment. Journal of Coastal Research 26: 230\u2013240.","journal-title":"Journal of Coastal Research"},{"key":"1198_CR30","unstructured":"Instituto Hidrogr\u00e1fico. 2015. Bathymetric model of the Tagus river. https:\/\/www.hidrografico.pt\/op\/33. Accessed 21 December 2021."},{"key":"1198_CR31","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica. 2022. Popula\u00e7\u00e3o residente (N.\u00ba) por Local de resid\u00eancia (\u00e0 data dos Censos 2021), Sexo, Estado civil e Grupo socioecon\u00f3mico; Decenal. Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica database. https:\/\/www.ine.pt\/xportal\/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0011672&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2. Accessed 28 November 2022."},{"key":"1198_CR32","unstructured":"IPMA. Clima de Portugal Continental. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.ipma.pt\/pt\/educativa\/tempo.clima\/. Accessed 7 May 2021."},{"key":"1198_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Irrgang, A. M., H. Lantuit G. K. Manson, F. G\u00fcnther, G. Grosse, and P. P. Overduin. 2018. Variability in rates of coastal change along the Yukon coast, 1951 to 2015. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017JF004326.","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JF004326"},{"key":"1198_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133637","author":"AK J\u00e4gerbrand","year":"2019","unstructured":"J\u00e4gerbrand, A.K., A. Brutemark, J.B. Sveden, and M. Gren. 2019. A review on the environmental impacts of shipping on aquatic and nearshore ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133637.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"1198_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112285","author":"M Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia, M., Z. Wang, D. Mao, C. Ren, C. Wang, and Y. Wang. 2021. Rapid, robust, and automated mapping of tidal flats in China using time series Sentinel-2 images and Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing of Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2021.112285.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"1198_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kirkegaard, J., H. Kofoed-Hansen, and B. Elfrink. 1998. Wake wash of high-speed craft in coastal areas. 26th International Conference on Coastal Engineering.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/9780784404119.023.","DOI":"10.1061\/9780784404119.023"},{"key":"1198_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111939","author":"CL Lopes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lopes, C.L., R. Mendes, I. Ca\u00e7ador, and J.M. Dias. 2020. Assessing salt marsh extent and condition changes with 35 years of Landsat imagery: Tagus Estuary case study. Remote Sensing of Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2020.111939.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"1198_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1484","volume":"15","author":"PI Macreadie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macreadie, P.I., D.A. Nielsen, J.J. Kelleway, T.B. Atwood, J.R. Seymour, K. Petrou, R.M. Connolly, A.C.G. Thomson, S.M. Trevathan-Tackett, and P.J. Ralph. 2017. Can we manage coastal ecosystems to sequester more blue carbon? Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 15: 206\u2013213.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment."},{"key":"1198_CR39","first-page":"178","volume-title":"Ensaios e Pr\u00e1ticas em Museologia","author":"M Marques","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marques, M. 2011. As Salinas de Alcochete - Um Patrim\u00f3nio a Musealizar. In Ensaios e Pr\u00e1ticas em Museologia, ed. A. Semedo and P. Costa, 178\u2013197. Porto: Universidade do Porto."},{"key":"1198_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203785461","volume-title":"Introduction to coastal processes and geomorphology","author":"G Masselink","year":"2014","unstructured":"Masselink, G., and M., Hughes, and J., Knight. 2014. Introduction to coastal processes and geomorphology. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"1198_CR41","unstructured":"Mendes, R. N., R. Ceia, T. Silva, A. Rilo, M. Guerreiro, J. Catal\u00e3o, R. Taborda, M. C. Freitas, C. Andrade, R. Melo, A. B. Fortunato, and P. Freire. 2012. Detec\u00e7\u00e3o Remota e Cartografia de Intertidal. O contributo do Projeto MorFeed. Actas das 2as Jornadas de Engenharia Hidrogr\u00e1fica\u00a0341\u2013344."},{"key":"1198_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.08.027","volume":"196","author":"S Moosavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moosavi, S. 2017. Ecological coastal protection: Pathways to living shorelines. Procedia Engineering 196: 930\u2013938.","journal-title":"Procedia Engineering"},{"key":"1198_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118571","author":"B Neumann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neumann, B., A.T. Vafeidis, J. Zimmermann, and R.J. Nicholls. 2015. Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding - A global assessment. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0118571.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1198_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444316285.ch3","volume-title":"Integrated Coastal Zone Management","author":"FSBF Oliveira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oliveira, F.S.B.F., and C.I.C. Vargas. 2009. Evaluating the geomorphologic stability of an estuarine sandy beach. In Integrated Coastal Zone Management, ed. E. Moksness, E. Dahl, and J. St\u00f8ttrup, 35\u201349. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"1198_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parnell, K. E., and H. Kofoed-Hansen. 2001. Wakes from large high-speed ferries in confined coastal waters: Management approaches with examples from New Zealand and Denmark. Coastal Management.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08920750152102044","DOI":"10.1080\/08920750152102044"},{"key":"1198_CR46","unstructured":"Pordata (2021). Popula\u00e7\u00e3o residente segundo os Censos: total e por sexo, Pordata database, https:\/\/www.pordata.pt\/municipios\/populacao+residente+segundo+os+censos+total+e+por+sexo-17."},{"key":"1198_CR47","unstructured":"Presid\u00eancia Conselho de Ministros, Di\u00e1rio da Rep\u00fablica N\u00famero 15\/97, Series 1 of 1997\u201302\u201301. https:\/\/dre.pt\/dre\/detalhe\/resolucao-conselho-ministros\/15-1997-570305. Accessed 5 May 2021."},{"key":"1198_CR48","first-page":"95","volume":"14","author":"AB Rilo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rilo, A.B., P. Freire, R.N. Mendes, R. Ceia, J. Catal\u00e3o, R. Taborda, R. Melo, M.I. Ca\u00e7ador, A.B. Fortunato, and E. Alves. 2014. Methodological framework for the definition and demarcation of the highest astronomical tide line in estuaries: The case of Tagus Estuary (Portugal). Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management 14: 95\u2013107.","journal-title":"Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management"},{"key":"1198_CR49","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Estuarine Shores, Evolution, Environments and Human Alteations","author":"CT Roman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Roman, C.T., and K. Nordstrom. 1996. Environments, processes and interactions of estuarine shores. In Estuarine Shores, Evolution, Environments and Human Alteations, ed. K. Nordstrom and C. Roman, 1\u201312. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"1198_CR50","unstructured":"Rosa, T. L., and M. Teles. 2004. Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de Descargas de Caldeiras de Antigos Moinhos de Mar\u00e9 no Desassoreamento de Esteiros. Estudo em Modelo Matem\u00e1tico. In 7\u00ba Congresso da \u00c1gua. Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Recursos H\u00eddricos, Lisboa."},{"key":"1198_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8050325","volume":"8","author":"H Safty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Safty, H., and R. Marsooli. 2020. Ship wakes and their potential impacts on salt marshes in Jamaica Bay, New York. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8: 325.","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"1198_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023777","author":"KC Seto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seto, K.C., M. Fragkias, B. G\u00fcneralp, and M.K. Reilly. 2011. A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0023777.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1198_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10750-008-9630-7","volume":"621","author":"H Silva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silva, H., J.M. Dias, and M.I. Ca\u00e7ador. 2009. Is the salt marsh vegetation a determining factor in the sedimentation processes? Hydrobiologia 621: 33\u201347.","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"1198_CR54","unstructured":"Silva, T., M. C. Freitas, C. Andrade, R. Taborda, P. Freire, and S. Schmidt. 2013. Resposta morfol\u00f3gica dos sapais do estu\u00e1rio do Tejo aos cen\u00e1rios de subida do n\u00edvel m\u00e9dio do mar. In 2\u00aa Confer\u00eancia Morfodin\u00e2mica Estuarina e Costeira. Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro."},{"key":"1198_CR55","unstructured":"Transtejo Soflusa. n.d. https:\/\/ttsl.pt. Accessed 30 May 2022."},{"key":"1198_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Townend, I., C. Fletcher, M. Knappen, and K. Rossington. 2011. A review of salt marsh dynamics. Water Environment Journal. 25: 477\u2013488.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.2010.00243.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"1198_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2008.04.006","volume":"56","author":"C Vale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vale, C., J. Can\u00e1rio, M. Caetano, J. Lavrado, and P. Brito. 2008. Estimation of the anthropogenic fraction of elements in surface sediments of the Tagus estuary (Portugal). Marine Pollution Bulletin 56 (7): 1364\u20131367.","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"key":"1198_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.05.235","volume":"640","author":"I Valiela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valiela, I., J. Lloret, T. Bowyer, S. Miner, D. Remsen, E. Elmstrom, C. Cogswell, and E.R. Thieler. 2018. Transient coastal landscapes: Rising sea level threatens salt marshes. Science of the Total Environment. 640: 1148\u20131156.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment."},{"key":"1198_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2004.02.005","volume":"61","author":"D Van der Wal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van der Wal, D., and K. Pye. 2004. Patterns, rates and possible causes of saltmarsh erosion in the Greater Thames area (UK). Geomorphology 61: 373\u2013391.","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"key":"1198_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2005.05.007Get","author":"KS Varyani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Varyani, K.S. 2006. Full scale study of the wash of high speed craft. Ocean Engineering. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2005.05.007Get.","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"1198_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.2983\/0730-8000(2005)24[965:RBAAII]2.0.CO;2","volume":"24","author":"LM Wall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wall, L.M., L.J. Walters, R.E. Grizzle, and P.E. Sacks. 2005. Recreational boating activity and its impact on the recruitment and survival of the oyster Crassostrea virginica on intertidal reefs in Mosquito Lagoon. Florida. Journal of Shellfish Research. 24: 965\u2013973.","journal-title":"Florida. Journal of Shellfish Research."},{"key":"1198_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2018.11.030","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, X., X. Xiao, Z. Zou, B. Chen, J. Ma, J. Dong, R.B. Doughty, Q. Zhong, Y. Qin, S. Dai, X. Li, B. Zhao, and B. Li. 2020. Tracking annual changes of coastal tidal flats in China during 22 1986\u20132016 through analyzes of Landsat images with Google Earth Engine. Remote Sensing of Environment. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rse.2018.11.030.","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"5","key":"1198_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01080.x","volume":"42","author":"M Wolters","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wolters, M., J.P. Bakker, M.D. Bertness, R.L. Jefferies, and I. Moller. 2005. Saltmarsh erosion and restoration in south-east England: squeezing the evidence requires realignment. Journal of Applied Ecology 42 (5): 844\u2013851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2005.01080.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"key":"1198_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187210","author":"L Zaggia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaggia, L., G. Lorenzetti, G. Manf\u00e9, G.M. Scarpa, E. Molinaroli, K.E. Parnell, J.P. Rapaglia, M. Gionta, and T. Soomere. 2017. Fast shoreline erosion induced by ship wakes in a coastal lagoon: Field evidence and remote sensing analysis. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187210.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Estuaries and Coasts"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12237-023-01198-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12237-023-01198-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12237-023-01198-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T01:12:18Z","timestamp":1685581938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12237-023-01198-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1198"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12237-023-01198-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-2723","1559-2731"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-2723"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-2731"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}