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A cross-sectional study was conducted on postmenopausal women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009380) from Cascavel, Brazil, an agricultural region where the use of Cd-containing fertilizers may exacerbate environmental contamination. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and cumulative Cd exposure was assessed through urinary Cd (UCd) concentrations using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Renal tubular function was evaluated by measuring urinary \u03b22-microglobulin, and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Median UCd concentrations confirmed low exposure (0.30\u00a0\u00b5g\/g creatinine; interquartile range: 0.15\u20130.55). Univariate analysis revealed a borderline association between higher UCd concentrations and lower BMD at the femoral neck across normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.067). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that UCd was not independently associated with reduced BMD but was a significant predictor of renal tubular damage (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These findings underscore a pressing environmental and public health issue: even low levels of Cd exposure correlate with subclinical renal tubular dysfunction. Enhanced monitoring and stricter environmental regulations are critical to prevent long-term kidney damage and related health risks, especially in vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-025-00715-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T18:03:39Z","timestamp":1749837819000},"page":"1131-1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Low-Level Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Its Effects on Renal and Bone Health in Brazilian Postmenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Carlos Tadashi","family":"Kunioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonas Carneiro","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vanessa Cristina","family":"de Oliveira Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno Alves","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Manso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9884-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"715_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2013.55","volume":"24","author":"SV Adams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adams SV, Newcomb PA (2014) Cadmium blood and urine concentrations as measures of exposure: NHANES 1999\u20132010. 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