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The literature suggests that cerebral changes precede AD symptoms by over two decades, implying a significantly advanced stage of AD by the time it is usually diagnosed. In the study herein, texture analysis was applied to computed optical coherence tomography ocular fundus images to identify differences between a group of the transgenic mouse model of the Alzheimer\u2019s disease (3\u00d7Tg-AD) and a group of wild-type mice, at the ages of one and two-months-old. A substantial difference between groups was found at both time-points across all neuroretina\u2019s layers. Here, the inner nuclear layer stands out both in the level of statistically significant differences and on the extension of these differences which span through the imaged area. Also, the progression of AD is suggested to be spotted by texture analysis as demonstrated by the significant difference found in the inner plexiform and the outer nuclear layers from the age of one to the age of two-months-old. These findings demonstrate the potential of the use of the retina and texture analysis to the diagnosis of AD and monitor AD progression. Besides, the differences between groups found in this study suggest that the 3\u00d7Tg-AD model may be inappropriate to study early changes associated with the AD and other animal models should be tested following the same path and rationale. Moreover, these results also suggest that the human genes present in these transgenic mice may have an impact on the neurodevelopment of offspring which would justify the significant changes found at the age of one-month-old.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-020-00413-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T15:03:40Z","timestamp":1586012620000},"page":"875-883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characterization of the retinal changes of the 3\u00d7Tg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula I.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Castelo-Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Francisco","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Serranho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6677-2754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Bernardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"413_CR1","unstructured":"Alzheimer Association, Alzheimer\u2019s and Dementia, pp 1\u201388, 2019."},{"key":"413_CR2","unstructured":"United Nations, World Population Prospects 2019. 141, 2019."},{"issue":"12","key":"413_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30235-6","volume":"15","author":"H Shah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah H, Albanese E, Duggan C, Rudan I, Langa KM, Carrillo MC, Chan KY, Joanette Y, Prince M, Rossor M, Saxena S, Snyder HM, Sperling R, Varghese M, Wang H, Wortmann M, Dua T. 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