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Results from the experiments with unimetallic solutions revealed <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. andevalensis<\/jats:italic> extracts induced separation of more than 95% of the initial Au(III), while <jats:italic>C. ladanifer<\/jats:italic> separated\u2009~78% of this metal. Thereafter, application of three plant extracts to real Au bearing leachate obtained from PCBs leaching, revealed about 96, 95 and 90% Au recovery with <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. ladanifer<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. andevalensis<\/jats:italic> extracts, respectively with 15\u201360% co-removal of Pb and less than 15% of other metals. The reduction of Au(III) ions into Au(0) nanoparticles by <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> extract was confirmed by molecular UV\u2013Visible, and FT-IR analysis showed the involvement of plant secondary metabolites in Au bio-reduction and bio-stabilization. Particles obtained from the application of <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> extract to the leachate were initially analyzed with XRD and results confirmed the presence of Au(0) with contamination of PbSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, which was completely removed by washing with 1\u00a0M HCl. Thereafter, results from STEM-EDS analysis showed the presence of Au particles conjugated with organic material and other metals. Consequently, particles were subjected to another washing step with acetone. Afterwards, STEM-EDS showed pure Au microparticle clusters (~0.8\u00a0\u03bcm) with flower-shaped or apparently cubic morphologies, and HRSTEM showed the tiny nanoparticles (~20\u00a0nm), which form the clusters.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-023-02272-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T13:01:56Z","timestamp":1695214916000},"page":"1999-2017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Printed Circuit Boards Leaching Followed by Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle Clusters Using Plant Extracts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Nobahar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0675-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Dias","family":"Carlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2272_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2020.105488","volume":"198","author":"T Wongsawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wongsawa, T., Traiwongsa, N., Pancharoen, U., Nootong, K.: A review of the recovery of precious metals using ionic liquid extractants in hydrometallurgical processes. 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