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Aligned with the principles of the circular economy, these residues offer a cost-effective alternative for various applications. In this context, this study investigated xanthan gum (XG) biosynthesis by <jats:italic>Xanthomonas campestris<\/jats:italic> ATCC 33913 in a mineral salt medium supplemented with four hydrosols (<jats:italic>Cupressus leylandii<\/jats:italic> A.B. Jacks &amp; Dallim, <jats:italic>Eucalyptus globulus<\/jats:italic> Labill., <jats:italic>Aloysia citrodora<\/jats:italic> Pal\u00e1u, and <jats:italic>Melissa officinalis<\/jats:italic> L.), achieving a 15.8% increase in production (13.91\u00a0g\/L) when 10% <jats:italic>C. leylandii<\/jats:italic> hydrosol was used, compared to the control (12.01\u00a0g\/L). The combination of this XG sample with a 50:50 (<jats:italic>v\/v<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>A. citrodora<\/jats:italic> hydrosol and wastewater mixture yielded a product with a strong antioxidant capacity (90.2% free radical scavenging) and bacteriostatic effects against <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, its antimicrobial capacity increased over time, likely due to the bacteria\u2019s extended exposure to the bioactive compounds found in both by-products. These interactions may compromise the integrity of the cell membrane, thereby enhancing compounds\u2019 penetration, reducing <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> by 48.3% in clean conditions (low organic load) and 40.6% in dirty conditions (high organic load) after 45\u00a0min, both of which were significantly different from the control (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The developed product demonstrated antimicrobial activity against <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> biofilms, reducing them by 35.9% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) after 45\u00a0min of treatment. This effect was increased (56.8%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) by doubling the treatment time (90\u00a0min). Repurposing EO by-products as novel ingredients provides antioxidant and antimicrobial benefits for innovative products targeting <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and its biofilms.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12649-025-03302-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1757752115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Circular Valorisation of Essential Oil Post-distillation by-products for Enhanced Xanthan Gum Bioproduction and Antimicrobial Treatments against Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helo\u00edsa H.S.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7084-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro J.L.","family":"Crugeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0107-7301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arantzazu","family":"Santamaria-Echart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3648-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana S.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3516-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiane C.","family":"Finimundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9050-5189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lillian","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0715-4761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al\u00edrio E.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6844-333X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Filomena","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3302_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Elguea-Culebras, G.O., Bravo, E.M., S\u00e1nchez-Vioque, R.: Potential sources and methodologies for the recovery of phenolic compounds from distillation residues of mediterranean aromatic plants. 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