{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T03:53:41Z","timestamp":1769572421908,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ger J Exerc Sport Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12662-025-01023-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T16:56:27Z","timestamp":1741884987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Concurrent validity and reliability of global positioning systems for measuring intense running and peak speed performance: a\u00a0systematic review","Gleichzeitige Validit\u00e4t und Reliabilit\u00e4t globaler Positionierungssysteme zur Messung intensiver Lauf- und H\u00f6chstgeschwindigkeitsleistungen: ein systematischer Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7951-8977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Nobari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1524-5601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Duarte","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4357-4269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2947-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Mainer-Pardos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3948-8280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Vald\u00e9s-Badilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6671-6229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"0","key":"1023_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175433712210988","DOI":"10.1177\/17543371221098888","volume":"0","author":"Z Akyildiz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akyildiz, Z., Alvurdu, S., Ceylan, H.\u202fI., & Clemente, F.\u202fM. (2022). Validity and reliability of 10\u202fHz GPS sensor for measuring distance and maximal speed in soccer: Possible differences of unit positioning. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:\u00a0Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 0(0), 17543371221098888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17543371221098888.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:\u00a0Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1023_CR2","first-page":"273","volume":"13","author":"KL Alphin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alphin, K.\u202fL., Sisson, O.\u202fM., Hudgins, B.\u202fL., Noonan, C.\u202fD., & Bunn, J.\u202fA. (2020). Accuracy assessment of a\u00a0gps device for maximum sprint speed. International Journal of Exercise Science, 13(4), 273\u2013280.","journal-title":"International Journal of Exercise Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"1023_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318279423e","volume":"27","author":"M Andrzejewski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrzejewski, M., Chmura, J., Pluta, B., Strzelczyk, R., & Kasprzak, A. (2013). Analysis of sprinting activities of professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(8), 2134\u20132140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318279423e.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2009.02.005","volume":"13","author":"JC Barbero-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barbero-\u00c1lvarez, J.\u202fC., Coutts, A., Granda, J., Barbero-\u00c1lvarez, V., & Castagna, C. (2010). The validity and reliability of a\u00a0global positioning satellite system device to assess speed and repeated sprint ability (RSA) in athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(2), 232\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2009.02.005.","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"1023_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01288","volume":"9","author":"M Beato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beato, M., Coratella, G., Stiff, A., & Dello, I.\u202fA. (2018a). The validity and between-unit variability of GNSS units (STATSports apex 10 and 18\u202fHz) for measuring distance and peak speed in team sports. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01288.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Physiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1023_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2831","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002778","volume":"32","author":"M Beato","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beato, M., Devereux, G., & Stiff, A. (2018b). Validity and reliability of global positioning system units (STATsports viper) for measuring distance and peak speed in sports. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(10), 2831\u20132837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002778.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61211-4","volume":"86","author":"A Bruton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bruton, A., Conway, J.\u202fH., & Holgate, S.\u202fT. (2000). Reliability: What is it Measured?\u2019, how is it. Physiotherapy, 86(2), 94\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)61211-4.","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"1023_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051888","author":"AK Chahal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chahal, A.\u202fK., Lim, J.\u202fZ., Pan, J.-W., & Kong, P.\u202fW. (2022). Inter-unit consistency and validity of 10-Hz GNSS units in straight-line sprint running. Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22051888.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"10","key":"1023_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0339","volume":"17","author":"P Clavel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clavel, P., Leduc, C., Morin, J.-B., Owen, C., Samozino, P., Peeters, A., Buchheit, M., & Lacome, M. (2022). Concurrent validity and reliability of sprinting force-velocity profile assessed with GPS devices in elite athletes. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(10), 1527\u20131531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0339.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"7","key":"1023_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072511","volume":"21","author":"FM Clemente","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clemente, F.\u202fM., Akyildiz, Z., & Pino-ortega, J. (2021). Validity and reliability of the inertial measurement unit for barbell velocity assessments : a\u00a0systematic review. Sensors, 21(7), 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21072511.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.09.015","volume":"13","author":"AJ Coutts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coutts, A.\u202fJ., & Duffield, R. (2010). Validity and reliability of GPS devices for measuring movement demands of team sports. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(1), 133\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.09.015.","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"key":"1023_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01399-1","author":"ZL Crang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crang, Z.\u202fL., Duthie, G., Cole, M.\u202fH., Weakley, J., Hewitt, A., & Johnston, R.\u202fD. (2020). The validity and reliability of wearable microtechnology for intermittent team sports: a\u00a0systematic review. Sports Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-020-01399-1.","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31815fa3d3","volume":"22","author":"JB Cronin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cronin, J.\u202fB., & Templeton, R.\u202fL. (2008). Timining light height affects sprint times. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 318\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31815fa3d3.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2.1.35","volume":"2","author":"CR Denegar","year":"1993","unstructured":"Denegar, C.\u202fR., & Ball, D.\u202fW. (1993). Assessing reliability and precision of measurement: an introduction to Intraclass correlation and standard error of measurement. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 2(1), 35\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2.1.35.","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"12","key":"1023_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011458","volume":"6","author":"MJ Downes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Downes, M.\u202fJ., Brennan, M.\u202fL., Williams, H.\u202fC., & Dean, R.\u202fS. (2016). Development of a\u00a0critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ Open, 6(12), 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011458.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1519\/R-17084.1","volume":"20","author":"GM Duthie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Duthie, G.\u202fM., Pyne, D.\u202fB., Ross, A.\u202fA., Livingstone, S.\u202fG., & Hooper, S.\u202fL. (2006). The reliability of ten-meter sprint time using different starting techniques. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(2), 246\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/R-17084.1.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"1023_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.504783","volume":"28","author":"AJ Gray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gray, A.\u202fJ., Jenkins, D., Andrews, M.\u202fH., Taaffe, D.\u202fR., & Glover, M.\u202fL. (2010). Validity and reliability of GPS for measuring distance travelled in field-based team sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(12), 1319\u20131325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2010.504783.","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"key":"1023_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2023.1116293","volume":"5","author":"A Gualtieri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gualtieri, A., Rampinini, E., Dello Iacono, A., & Beato, M. (2023). High-speed running and sprinting in professional adult soccer: Current thresholds definition, match demands and training strategies. A\u00a0systematic review. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fspor.2023.1116293.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living"},{"issue":"5","key":"1023_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0446-0","volume":"46","author":"T Haugen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haugen, T., & Buchheit, M. (2016). Sprint running performance monitoring: methodological and practical considerations. Sports Medicine, 46(5), 641\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-015-0446-0.","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"1023_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0121","author":"T Haugen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haugen, T., T\u00f8nnessen, E., Hisdal, J., & Seiler, S. (2014). The role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. [Faculty of health and sport science, University of Agder]. International journal of sports physiology and performance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2013-0121.","journal-title":"International journal of sports physiology and performance"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-019-0221-0","volume":"5","author":"T Haugen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haugen, T., Seiler, S., Sandbakk, \u00d8., & T\u00f8nnessen, E. (2019). The training and development of elite sprint performance: an integration of scientific and best practice literature. Sports Medicine\u2014Open, 5(1), 44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40798-019-0221-0.","journal-title":"Sports Medicine\u2014Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.10.002","volume":"11","author":"R Healy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Healy, R., Kenny, I.\u202fC., & Harrison, A.\u202fJ. (2022). Profiling elite male 100\u2011m sprint performance: the role of maximum velocity and relative acceleration. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 11(1), 75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.10.002.","journal-title":"Journal of Sport and Health Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001","volume":"30","author":"WG Hopkins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hopkins, W.\u202fG. (2000). Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001.","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0192708","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192708","volume":"13","author":"MW Hoppe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoppe, M.\u202fW., Baumgart, C., Polglaze, T., & Freiwald, J. (2018). Validity and reliability of GPS and LPS for measuring distances covered and sprint mechanical properties in team sports. PLOS ONE, 13(2), e192708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0192708.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1023_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318225f161","volume":"26","author":"RJ Johnston","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnston, R.\u202fJ., Watsford, M.\u202fL., Pine, M.\u202fJ., Spurrs, R.\u202fW., Murphy, A.\u202fJ., & Pruyn, E.\u202fC. (2012). The validaty and reliability of 5\u2011Hz global positioning system units to measure team sports demands. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(3), 758\u2013765.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2013.11868646","volume":"13","author":"RJ Johnston","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnston, R.\u202fJ., Watsford, M.\u202fL., Pine, M.\u202fJ., Spurrs, R.\u202fW., & Sporri, D. (2013). Assessment of 5\u202fHz and 10\u202fHz GPS units for measuring athlete movement demands. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 13(1), 262\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24748668.2013.11868646.","journal-title":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"1023_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000323","volume":"28","author":"RJ Jonhston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jonhston, R.\u202fJ., Watsford, M.\u202fL., Kelly, S.\u202fJ., Pine, M.\u202fJ., & Spurrs, R.\u202fW. (2014). Validity and Interunit reliability of 10\u202fHz and 15\u202fHz GPS units for assessing athlete movement demands. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(6), 1649\u20131655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000323.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2018.78903","volume":"36","author":"M Lacome","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lacome, M., Peeters, A., Mathieu, B., Marrier, B., Carling, C., & Piscione, J. (2019). Can we use GPS for assessing sprinting performance in rugby sevens? A\u00a0concurrent validity and between-device reliability study. Biology of Sport, 36(1), 25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2018.78903.","journal-title":"Biology of Sport"},{"issue":"15","key":"1023_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333150-00002","volume":"33","author":"P Larsson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Larsson, P. (2003). Global positioning system and sport-specific testing. Sports Medicine, 33(15), 1093\u20131101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200333150-00002.","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1023_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.6.3.479","volume":"6","author":"AS Majumdar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Majumdar, A.\u202fS., & Robergs, R.\u202fA. (2011). The science of speed: determinants of performance in the 100 m sprint. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 6(3), 479\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1260\/1747-9541.6.3.479.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching"},{"issue":"3","key":"1023_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.05.016","volume":"21","author":"S Malone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malone, S., Owen, A., Mendes, B., Hughes, B., Collins, K., & Gabbett, T.\u202fJ. (2018). High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(3), 257\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.05.016.","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/24733938.2017.1398409","volume":"2","author":"T Massard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Massard, T., Eggers, T., & Lovell, R. (2018). Peak speed determination in football: is sprint testing necessary? Science and Medicine in Football, 2(2), 123\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24733938.2017.1398409.","journal-title":"Science and Medicine in Football"},{"key":"1023_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0579-0","author":"AM Methley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Methley, A.\u202fM., Campbell, S., Chew-Graham, C., McNally, R., & Cheraghi-Sohi, S. (2014). PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: A\u00a0comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Services Research. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-014-0579-0.","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"1023_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052721","volume":"18","author":"M Miguel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miguel, M., Oliveira, R., Loureiro, N., Garc\u00eda-Rubio, J., & Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, S.\u202fJ. (2021). Load measures in training\/match monitoring in soccer: a\u00a0systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18052721.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"1023_CR35","volume-title":"Global positioning system: signals, measurements, and performance","author":"P Misra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Misra, P., & Enge, P. (2006). Global positioning system: signals, measurements, and performance (2nd\u00a0edn.). L.\u00a0Ganga-Jamuna Press.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"1023_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d09dde","volume":"25","author":"MG Mooney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mooney, M.\u202fG., Hunter, J.\u202fR., O\u2019brien, B.\u202fJ., Berry, J.\u202fT., & Young, W.\u202fB. (2011). Reliability and validity of a\u00a0novel intermittent peak running speed test for Australian football. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(4), 973\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181d09dde.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1023_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.14198\/jhse.2017.121.13","volume":"12","author":"A Mu\u00f1oz-Lopez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Lopez, A., Granero-Gil, P., Pino-Ortega, J., & De Hoyo, M. (2017). The validity and reliability of a\u00a05-hz GPS device for quantifying athletes\u2019 sprints and movement demands specific to team sports. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 12(1), 156\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14198\/jhse.2017.121.13.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Sport and Exercise"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0566","volume":"14","author":"R Nagahara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagahara, R., Botter, A., Rejc, E., Koido, M., Shimizu, T., Samozino, P., & Morin, J.-B. (2017). Concurrent validity of GPS for deriving mechanical properties of sprint acceleration. International Journal, 14(2), 156\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0566.","journal-title":"International Journal"},{"key":"1023_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M.\u202fJ., McKenzie, J.\u202fE., Bossuyt, P.\u202fM., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.\u202fC., Mulrow, C.\u202fD., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J.\u202fM., Akl, E.\u202fA., Brennan, S.\u202fE., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J.\u202fM., Hr\u00f3bjartsson, A., Lalu, M.\u202fM., Li, T., Loder, E.\u202fW., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1023_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754337120988236","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:\u00a0Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology","author":"J Pino-Ortega","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pino-Ortega, J., Oliva-Lozano, J.\u202fM., Gantois, P., Nakamura, F.\u202fY., & Rico-Gonz\u00e1lez, M. (2021). Comparison of the validity and reliability of local positioning systems against other tracking technologies in team sport: a\u00a0systematic review. In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:\u00a0Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1754337120988236."},{"issue":"01","key":"1023_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1385866","volume":"36","author":"E Rampinini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rampinini, E., Alberti, G., Fiorenza, M., Riggio, M., Sassi, R., Borges, T., & Coutts, A. (2014). Accuracy of GPS devices for measuring high-intensity running in field-based team sports. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(01), 49\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1385866.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1023_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217782","volume":"14","author":"L Reinhardt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reinhardt, L., Schwesig, R., Lauenroth, A., Schulze, S., & Kurz, E. (2019). Enhanced sprint performance analysis in soccer: new insights from a\u00a0GPS-based tracking system. PLoS ONE, 14(5), 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0217782.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"17","key":"1023_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5994","DOI":"10.3390\/app10175994","volume":"10","author":"M Rico-Gonzalez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rico-Gonzalez, M., Arcos, A.\u202fL., Clemente, F.\u202fM., & Rojas-valverde, D. (2020). Accuracy and reliability of local positioning systems for measuring sport movement patterns in stadium-scale : a\u00a0systematic review. Applied Sciences, 10(17), 5994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10175994.","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2022.106386","volume":"39","author":"M Rico-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rico-Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Pino-Ortega, J., Clemente, F., & Arcos, L.\u202fA. (2021). Guidelines for performing systematic reviews in sports science. Biology of Sport, 39(2), 463\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2022.106386.","journal-title":"Biology of Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"1023_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0256","volume":"14","author":"G Roe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roe, G., Darrall-Jones, J., Black, C., Shaw, W., Till, K., & Jones, B. (2017). Validity of 10\u202fHZ GPS and timing gates for assessing maximum velocity in professional rugby union players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(2), 156\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0256.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance"},{"issue":"4","key":"1023_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2016.1249031","volume":"17","author":"N Romero-Franco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romero-Franco, N., Jim\u00e9nez-Reyes, P., Casta\u00f1o-Zambudio, A., Capelo-Ram\u00edrez, F., Rodr\u00edguez-Juan, J.\u202fJ., Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez, J., Toscano-Bendala, F.\u202fJ., Cuadrado-Pe\u00f1afiel, V., & Balsalobre-Fern\u00e1ndez, C. (2017). Sprint performance and mechanical outputs computed with an iPhone app: comparison with existing reference methods. European Journal of Sport Science, 17(4), 386\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17461391.2016.1249031.","journal-title":"European Journal of Sport Science"},{"key":"1023_CR47","unstructured":"Ryan, R., Synnot, A., Prictor, M., & Hill, S. (2021). Data extraction template for included studies. Cochrane consumers and communication group. http:\/\/cccrg.cochrane.org\/author-resources"},{"issue":"5","key":"1023_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001221","volume":"30","author":"MTU Scott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scott, M.\u202fT.\u202fU., Scott, T.\u202fJ., & Kelly, V.\u202fG. (2016). The validity and reliability of global positioning systems in team sport. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1470\u20131490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001221.","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research"},{"key":"1023_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198189","author":"L Vantieghem-Nicolas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vantieghem-Nicolas, L., Morin, J.-B., Cotte, T., Sangnier, S., & Rossi, J. (2023). Concurrent validity and reliability of the sprint force–velocity profile assessed with K\u2011AI wearable tech. Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23198189.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"15","key":"1023_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2011.608703","volume":"29","author":"M Waldron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Waldron, M., Worsfold, P., Twist, C., & Lamb, K. (2011a). Concurrent validity and test\u2013retest reliability of a\u00a0global positioning system (gps) and timing gates to assess sprint performance variables. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(15), 1613\u20131619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02640414.2011.608703.","journal-title":"Journal of Sports Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"1023_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2011.11868575","volume":"11","author":"M Waldron","year":"2011","unstructured":"Waldron, M., Worsfold, P., Twist, C., & Lamb, K. (2011b). Predicting 30 m timing gate speed from a\u00a05\u202fHz Global Positioning System (GPS) device. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 11(3), 575\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24748668.2011.11868575.","journal-title":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport"},{"issue":"12","key":"1023_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.031","volume":"37","author":"TH Witte","year":"2004","unstructured":"Witte, T.\u202fH., & Wilson, A.\u202fM. (2004). Accuracy of non-differential GPS for the determination of speed over ground. Journal of Biomechanics, 37(12), 1891\u20131898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.031.","journal-title":"Journal of Biomechanics"}],"container-title":["German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12662-025-01023-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12662-025-01023-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12662-025-01023-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T16:56:31Z","timestamp":1741884991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12662-025-01023-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["1023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12662-025-01023-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2509-3142","2509-3150"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2509-3142","type":"print"},{"value":"2509-3150","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"H.\u00a0Nobari, A.D.\u00a0Martins, J.P.\u00a0Brito, E.\u00a0Mainer-Pardos, P.\u00a0Vald\u00e9s-Badilla and R.\u00a0Oliveira declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"For this article no studies with human participants or animals were performed by any of the authors. All studies mentioned were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}