{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:04:05Z","timestamp":1774407845541,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/112833\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/112833\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mindfulness"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-019-01292-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T02:02:38Z","timestamp":1576720958000},"page":"709-719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Self-Compassion and Depressive Symptoms in Chronic Pain (CP): A 1-Year Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8757-8424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio A.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas A.","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Gillanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pinto-Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Castilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283504","volume":"13","author":"R Baer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baer, R., Smith, G., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27\u201345.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"5","key":"1292_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1305","volume":"26","author":"K Birnie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.1305.","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy\/bph077","volume":"11","author":"SR Bishop","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clipsy\/bph077.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"issue":"6","key":"1292_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.10.005","volume":"68","author":"E Bohlmeijer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bohlmeijer, E., Prenger, R., Taal, E., & Cuijpers, P. (2010). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on mental health of adults with a chronic medical disease: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(6), 539\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.10.005.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"1292_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bratt, A., & Fagerstr\u00f6m, C. (2019). Self-compassion in old age: Confirmatory factor analysis of the 6-factor model and the internal consistency of the self-compassion scale-short form. Aging & Mental Health, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2019.1569588.","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2019.1569588"},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1229","volume":"13","author":"H Breivik","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breivik, H., Eisenberg, E., & O\u2019Brien, T. (2013). The individual and societal burden of chronic pain in Europe: The case for strategic prioritisation and action to improve knowledge and availability of appropriate care. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1229.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.822","volume":"84","author":"KW Brown","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.822.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1292_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191107311467","volume":"15","author":"L Cardaciotto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191107311467.","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"issue":"12","key":"1292_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22689","volume":"74","author":"S\u00e9rgio A. Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho, S. A., Gillanders, D., Palmeira, L., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Castilho, P. (2018a). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms in chronic pain: The role of pain acceptance. Journal of Clinical Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22689.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1292_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.2018.1507990","volume":"153","author":"S\u00e9rgio A. Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho, S. A., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Gillanders, D., & Castilho, P. (2018b). Pain and depressive symptoms: Exploring cognitive fusion and self-compassion in a moderated mediation model. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223980.2018.1507990.","journal-title":"The Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1292_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22187","volume":"71","author":"P Castilho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castilho, P., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, J. (2015). Evaluating the multifactor structure of the long and short versions of the self-compassion scale in a clinical sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(9), 856\u2013870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22187.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40639-014-0004-x","volume":"1","author":"HL Chapin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chapin, H. L., Darnall, B. D., Seppala, E. M., Doty, J. R., Hah, J. M., & Mackey, S. C. (2014). Pilot study of a compassion meditation intervention in chronic pain. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 1(1), 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40639-014-0004-x.","journal-title":"Journal of Compassionate Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-010-0033-2","volume":"1","author":"KA Coffey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coffey, K. A., Hartman, M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2010). Deconstructing mindfulness and constructing mental health: Understanding mindfulness and its mechanisms of action. Mindfulness, 1(4), 235\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12671-010-0033-2.","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"1292_CR14","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"8","key":"1292_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1111\/jasp.12107","volume":"43","author":"J Costa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Costa, J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2013). Experiential avoidance and self-compassion in chronic pain. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(8), 1578\u20131591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jasp.12107.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1292_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182385392","volume":"28","author":"G Crombez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Van Damme, S., Vlaeyen, J. W., & Karoly, P. (2012). Fear-avoidance model of chronic pain: The next generation. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 28(6), 475\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3182385392.","journal-title":"The Clinical Journal of Pain"},{"key":"1292_CR17","volume-title":"An open heart: Practising compassion in everyday life","author":"HH Dalai Lama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dalai Lama, H. H. (2001). An open heart: Practising compassion in everyday life. London: Hodder & Stoughton."},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X05350060","volume":"28","author":"RA Depue","year":"2005","unstructured":"Depue, R. A., & Morrone-Strupinsky, J. V. (2005). A neurobehavioral model of affiliative bonding: Implications for conceptualizing a human trait of affiliation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28(3), 313\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0140525X05350060.","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2003.03040.x","volume":"4","author":"TE Elliott","year":"2003","unstructured":"Elliott, T. E., Renier, C. M., & Palcher, J. A. (2003). Chronic pain, depression, and quality of life: Correlations and predictive value of the SF-36. Pain Medicine, 4(4), 331\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2003.03040.x.","journal-title":"Pain Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"1292_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.005","volume":"152","author":"MA Ferreira-Valente","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferreira-Valente, M. A., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Jensen, M. P. (2011). Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. PAIN, 152(10), 2399\u20132404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.005.","journal-title":"PAIN"},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.51.1.115","volume":"51","author":"PA Frazier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 115\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0167.51.1.115.","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.581","volume":"133","author":"RJ Gatchel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gatchel, R. J., Peng, Y. B., Peters, M. L., Fuchs, P. N., & Turk, D. C. (2007). The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 133(4), 581\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.133.4.581.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"1292_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/152916","volume":"2012","author":"Michael J. Gawrysiak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gawrysiak, M. J., Carvalho, J. P., Rogers, B. P., Nicholas, C., Dougherty, J. H., & Hopko, D. R. (2012). Neural changes following behavioral activation for a depressed breast cancer patient: A functional MRI case study. Case Reports in Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/152916.","journal-title":"Case Reports in Psychiatry"},{"key":"1292_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203003459","volume-title":"Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy","author":"P Gilbert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gilbert, P. (2005). Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy. New York\/London: Routledge."},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12043","volume":"53","author":"P Gilbert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 6\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjc.12043.","journal-title":"British Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"1292_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2013.79","volume":"16","author":"S Greg\u00f3rio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greg\u00f3rio, S., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2013). Mindful attention and awareness: Relationships with psychopathology and emotional regulation. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, E79. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/sjp.2013.79.","journal-title":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x","volume":"3","author":"CT Hartrick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hartrick, C. T., Kovan, J. P., & Shapiro, S. (2003). The numeric rating scale for clinical pain measurement: A ratio measure? Pain Practice, 3(4), 310\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x.","journal-title":"Pain Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1080\/09515070.2016.1138397","volume":"29","author":"JA Hayes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hayes, J. A., Lockard, A. J., Janis, R. A., & Locke, B. D. (2016). Construct validity of the self-compassion scale-short form among psychotherapy clients. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 29(4), 405\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09515070.2016.1138397.","journal-title":"Counselling Psychology Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"1292_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9844-2","volume":"51","author":"L Hilton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hilton, L., Hempel, S., Ewing, B. A., Apaydin, E., Xenakis, L., Newberry, S., et al. (2017). Mindfulness meditation for chronic pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51(2), 199\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12160-016-9844-2.","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1292_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2014.889032","volume":"13","author":"N Hope","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hope, N., Koestner, R., & Milyavskaya, M. (2014). The role of self-compassion in goal pursuit and well-being among university freshmen. Self and Identity, 13(5), 579\u2013593.","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"issue":"7","key":"1292_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4202","volume":"27","author":"K Jobski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jobski, K., Luque-Ramos, A., Albrecht, K., & Hoffmann, F. (2017). Pain, depressive symptoms and medication in German patients with rheumatoid arthritis\u2014Results from the linking patient-reported outcomes with claims data for health services research in rheumatology (PROCLAIR) study. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 27(7), 766\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4202.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"issue":"6","key":"1292_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1089\/10755530260511739","volume":"8","author":"J Kabat-Zinn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kabat-Zinn, J. (2002). Commentary on Majumdar et al.: Mindfulness meditation for health. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 8(6), 731\u2013735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/10755530260511739.","journal-title":"The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine"},{"key":"1292_CR33","unstructured":"Kangas, N. L., & Shapiro, S. L. (2012). Mindfulness-based training for health care professionals. In L. M. McCracken (Ed.), Mindfulness and Acceptance in behavioral medicine (pp. 303\u2013340). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger."},{"issue":"6","key":"1292_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2104","volume":"14","author":"SM Kelders","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelders, S. M., Kok, R. N., Ossebaard, H. C., & Van Gemert-Pijnen, J. E. (2012). Persuasive system design does matter: A systematic review of adherence to web-based interventions. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(6), e152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.2104.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"1292_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00040","volume":"5","author":"JN Kirby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kirby, J. N., Doty, J. R., Petrocchi, N., & Gilbert, P. (2017). The current and future role of heart rate variability for assessing and training compassion. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00040.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"1292_CR36","volume-title":"The handbook of psychological testing","author":"P Kline","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kline, P. (2000). The handbook of psychological testing (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1292_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.032","volume":"202","author":"T Krieger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Krieger, T., Berger, T., & Holtforth, M. (2016). The relationship of self-compassion and depression: Cross-lagged panel analyses in depressed patients after outpatient therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 39\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.032.","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"1292_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.03.003","volume":"12","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kroenke, K., Wu, J., Bair, M. J., Krebs, E. E., Damush, T. M., & Tu, W. (2011). Reciprocal relationship between pain and depression: A 12-month longitudinal analysis in primary care. The Journal of Pain, 12(9), 964\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2011.03.003.","journal-title":"The Journal of Pain"},{"issue":"11","key":"1292_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.08.003","volume":"48","author":"W Kuyken","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kuyken, W., Watkins, E., Holden, E., White, K., Taylor, R. S., Byford, S., et al. (2010). How does mindfulness-based cognitive therapy work? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(11), 1105\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2010.08.003.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000158","volume":"77","author":"SF Lerman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lerman, S. F., Rudich, Z., Brill, S., Shalev, H., & Shahar, G. (2015). Longitudinal associations between depression, anxiety, pain, and pain-related disability in chronic pain patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(3), 333\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000158.","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1292_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.019","volume":"49","author":"O Longe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Longe, O., Maratos, F. A., Gilbert, P., Evans, G., Volker, F., Rockliff, H., et al. (2010). Having a word with yourself: Neural correlates of self-criticism and self-reassurance. NeuroImage, 49(2), 1849\u20131856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.019.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"7","key":"1292_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132940","volume":"10","author":"A L\u00f3pez","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, A., Sanderman, R., Smink, A., Zhang, Y., van Sonderen, E., Ranchor, A., & Schroevers, M. J. (2015). A reconsideration of the self-compassion Scale\u2019s total score: Self-compassion versus self-criticism. PLoS One, 10(7), e0132940.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"1292_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-018-0891-6","volume":"9","author":"Ang\u00e9lica L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2018). A close examination of the relationship between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. Mindfulness, 9(5), 1470-1478.,\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12671-018-0891-6.","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","volume":"33","author":"PF Lovibond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335\u2013343.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001897","volume":"3","author":"A Lutz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lutz, A., Brefczynski-Lewis, J., Johnstone, T., & Davidson, R. J. (2008). Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: Effects of meditative expertise. PLoS One, 3(3), e1897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0001897.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"1292_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.06.003","volume":"32","author":"A MacBeth","year":"2012","unstructured":"MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.06.003.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.02.004","volume":"49","author":"LM McCracken","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCracken, L. M., & Guti\u00e9rrez-Mart\u00ednez, O. (2011). Processes of change in psychological flexibility in an interdisciplinary group-based treatment for chronic pain based on acceptance and commitment therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(4), 267\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2011.02.004.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"1292_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035623","volume":"69","author":"LM McCracken","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness for chronic pain: Model, process, and progress. American Psychologist, 69(2), 178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0035623.","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1292_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.12.013","volume":"131","author":"LM McCracken","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCracken, L. M., Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., & Vowles, K. E. (2007). The role of mindfulness in a contextual cognitive-behavioral analysis of chronic pain-related suffering and disability. Pain, 131(1\u20132), 63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2006.12.013.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1292_CR50","volume-title":"Classification of chronic pain\u2014Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms","author":"H Merksey","year":"1994","unstructured":"Merksey, H., & Bogduk, N. (1994). Classification of chronic pain\u2014Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms (2nd ed.). Seattle: IASP Press.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"1292_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461","volume":"180","author":"JC Mundt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mundt, J. C., Marks, I. M., Shear, M. K., & Greist, J. M. (2002). The work and social adjustment scale: A simple measure of impairment in functioning. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 180(5), 461\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461.","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1292_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2005","volume":"24","author":"P Muris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2017). Protection or vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.2005.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-016-0509-9","volume":"7","author":"P Muris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muris, P., Otgaar, H., & Petrocchi, N. (2016). Protection as the mirror image of psychopathology: Further critical notes on the self-compassion scale. Mindfulness, 7(3), 787\u2013790.","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/15298860309027","volume":"2","author":"KD Neff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15298860309027.","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"key":"1292_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2263-5_10","volume-title":"Handbook of mindfulness and self-regulation","author":"KD Neff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neff, K. D., & Dahm, K. A. (2015). Self-compassion: What it is, what it does, and how it relates to mindfulness. In B. D. Ostafin, M. D. Robinson, & B. P. Meier (Eds.), Handbook of mindfulness and self-regulation (pp. 121\u2013137). New York: Springer."},{"issue":"7","key":"1292_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.10.013","volume":"44","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ohayon, M. M., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2010). Chronic pain and major depressive disorder in the general population. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 44(7), 454\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.10.013.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"1292_CR57","unstructured":"Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., Honrado, A. A. J. D., & Leal, I. P. (2004). Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o estudo da adapta\u00e7\u00e3o portuguesa das escalas de ansiedade, depress\u00e3o e stress (EADS) de 21 itens de Lovibond e Lovibond. Psicologia, Sa\u00fade and Doen\u00e7as, 2229\u20132239."},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.35680\/2372-0247.1175","volume":"4","author":"SL Parry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parry, S. L., & Malpus, Z. (2017). Reconnecting the mind and body: A pilot study of developing compassion for persistent pain. Patient Experience Journal, 4(1), 145\u2013153.","journal-title":"Patient Experience Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"1292_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1348\/147608309X471000","volume":"83","author":"G Pauley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pauley, G., & McPherson, S. (2010). The experience and meaning of compassion and self-compassion for individuals with depression or anxiety. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 83(2), 129\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/147608309X471000.","journal-title":"Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.702","volume":"18","author":"F Raes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpp.702.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"1292_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023861","volume":"11","author":"Helen Rockliff","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rockliff, H., Karl, A., McEwan, K., Gilbert, J., Matos, M., & Gilbert, P. (2011). Effects of intranasal oxytocin on 'compassion focused imagery'. Emotion, 11(6), 1388-1396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0023861.","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.10.030","volume":"148","author":"R Sch\u00fctze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctze, R., Rees, C., Preece, M., & Sch\u00fctze, M. (2010). Low mindfulness predicts pain catastrophizing in a fear-avoidance model of chronic pain. Pain, 148(1), 120\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2009.10.030.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"1292_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22880","volume":"51","author":"Lauren A. Stutts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stutts, L. A., & Blomquist, K. K. (2018). The moderating role of self-compassion on weight and shape concerns and eating pathology: A longitudinal study. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 51(8), 879-889.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22880.","journal-title":"International Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"1292_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2012.00250.x","volume":"6","author":"YY Tang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tang, Y. Y., Yang, L., Leve, L. D., & Harold, G. T. (2012). Improving executive function and its neurobiological mechanisms through a mindfulness-based intervention: Advances within the field of developmental neuroscience. Child Development Perspectives, 6, 361\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2012.00250.x.","journal-title":"Child Development Perspectives"},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.08.011","volume":"25","author":"Nicholas T. Van Dam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 123\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.08.011.","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"1292_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000574","volume":"157","author":"JW Vlaeyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vlaeyen, J. W., Crombez, G., & Linton, S. J. (2016). The fear-avoidance model of pain. Pain, 157(8), 1588\u20131589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000574.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"1292_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2013.12.009","volume":"45","author":"KE Vowles","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vowles, K. E., Sowden, G., & Ashworth, J. (2014). A comprehensive examination of the model underlying acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain. Behavior Therapy, 45(3), 390\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beth.2013.12.009.","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1292_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.113.008144","volume":"66","author":"AK Walker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Walker, A. K., Kavelaars, A., Heijnen, C. J., & Dantzer, R. (2014). Neuroinflammation and comorbidity of pain and depression. Pharmacological Reviews, 66(1), 80\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.113.008144.","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"key":"1292_CR69","unstructured":"W\u00f6rz, R. (2003). Pain in depression \u2013 depression in pain. Pain: Clinical Updates, 11(5), 1- 4."},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.04.014","volume":"43","author":"AA Wren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wren, A. A., Somers, T. J., Wright, M. A., Goetz, M. C., Leary, M. R., Fras, A. M., et al. (2012). Self-compassion in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain: Relationship of self-compassion to adjustment to persistent pain. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 43(4), 759\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.04.014.","journal-title":"Journal of Pain and Symptom Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"1292_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9937-y","volume":"43","author":"M Zeller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeller, M., Yuval, K., Nitzan-Assayag, Y., & Bernstein, A. (2015). Self-compassion in recovery following potentially traumatic stress: Longitudinal study of at-risk youth. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(4), 645\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-014-9937-y.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"}],"container-title":["Mindfulness"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12671-019-01292-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12671-019-01292-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12671-019-01292-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:43:28Z","timestamp":1608252208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12671-019-01292-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12671-019-01292-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-8527","1868-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-8527","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed the ethical standards of the institutions and national research committees (Faculdade de Psicologia e Ci\u00eancias da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o da Universidade de Coimbra), as well as the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"All participants provided informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of Informed Consent"}}]}}