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Yet, research in the area is limited, and little is known about the factors that moderate the effects of these programs. The two-fold aim of this study was (1)\u00a0to examine the effects of a mindfulness-based program on dispositional mindfulness, inattention and emotional lability, handwriting fluency, spelling accuracy, and composing quality, as well as school achievement; and (2)\u00a0to evaluate the moderating role of lesson absences, intervention-related knowledge, and social validity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using a quasi-experimental design, 257 fourth graders were assigned to an experimental group receiving a mindfulness-based program (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009130) or an active control group receiving a health-based program (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009127). Both programs were implemented in the classroom for 8 weekly units, which included two 30-min sessions delivered by psychologists, followed by three 5-min sessions delivered by teachers. All children were evaluated before and after the programs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Compared to the control condition, the mindfulness-based program resulted in higher levels of internal and external awareness, and decentering and nonreactivity, as well as better composing quality and mathematics grades. Lesson absences, intervention-related knowledge, and social validity did not moderate the effects of the mindfulness-based program.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings support the integration of mindfulness practices in primary school as a means to improve children\u2019s academic-related skills and ability to be mindful.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-023-02189-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T02:02:02Z","timestamp":1690855322000},"page":"2026-2043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Examining the Impact and Moderating Effects of an 8-Week Mindfulness-Based Program in Grade 4"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9903-7289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Limpo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7908-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana I.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5103-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3729-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8085-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7949-2877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2078-3375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8546-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8994-8417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-3596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2189_CR1","unstructured":"Alves, D., & Cruz, O. 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