{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:24:35Z","timestamp":1777595075275,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Org Divers Evol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-024-00649-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T15:26:40Z","timestamp":1719934000000},"page":"335-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phylogeography and evolutionary history of the burrowing scorpion genus Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) in the Mediterranean Basin"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5523-3800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manel","family":"Khammassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sa\u00efd","family":"Nouira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Badry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salah Eddine","family":"Sadine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. James","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"649_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.12.007","volume":"53","author":"MA Abdel-Rahman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abdel-Rahman, M. A., Omran, M. A., Abdel-Nabi, I. M., Ueda, H., & McVean, A. (2009). Intraspecific variation in the Egyptian scorpion Scorpio maurus palmatus venom collected from different biotopes. Toxicon, 53, 349\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.12.007","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"649_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1556\/24.59.2016.001","volume":"59","author":"MS Ajirlu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ajirlu, M. S., Moazzen, M., & Hajialioghli, R. (2016). Tectonic evolution of the Zagros orogen in the realm of the Neotethys between the Central Iran and Arabian Plates: An ophiolite perspective. Central European Geology, 59(1\u20134), 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/24.59.2016.001","journal-title":"Central European Geology"},{"issue":"369","key":"649_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"2023","author":"M Al-Saraireh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Saraireh, M., Ya\u011fmur, E. A., Abu Afifeh, B., & Amr, Z. (2023). A new species of Scorpio from Jordan (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae). Euscorpius, 2023(369), 1\u201317.","journal-title":"Euscorpius"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230151","volume":"15","author":"F Albrecht","year":"2020","unstructured":"Albrecht, F., Hering, J., Fuchs, E., Illera, J. C., Ihlow, F., Shannon, T. J., Collinson, J. M., Wink, M., Martens, J., & P\u00e4ckert, M. (2020). Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations. PLoS ONE, 15(3), e0230151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0230151","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W., & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215(3), 403\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"649_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-018-0236-z","volume":"11","author":"A Antonelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antonelli, A., Kissling, W. D., Flantua, S. G., Berm\u00fadez, M. A., Mulch, A., Muellner-Riehl, A. N., Kreft, H., Peter Linder, H., Badgley, C., Fjelds\u00e5, J., Fritz, S. A., Rahbek, C., Herman, F., Hooghiemstra, H., & Hoorn, C. (2018). Geological and climatic influences on mountain biodiversity. Nature Geoscience, 11(10), 718\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41561-018-0236-z","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1029\/1998TC900015","volume":"18","author":"W Beauchamp","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beauchamp, W., Allmendinger, R. W., Barazangi, M., Demnati, A., El Alji, M., & Dahmani, M. (1999). Inversion tectonics and the evolution of the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, based on a geological-geophysical transect. Tectonics, 18(2), 163\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/1998TC900015","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"key":"649_CR8","first-page":"115","volume":"39","author":"A Birula","year":"1910","unstructured":"Birula, A. (1910). Ueber Scorpio maurus Linn\u00e9 und seine Unterarten. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 39, 115\u2013192.","journal-title":"Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae"},{"issue":"4","key":"649_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2010.01.015","volume":"72","author":"R Bonnefille","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonnefille, R. (2010). Cenozoic vegetation, climate changes and hominid evolution in tropical Africa. Global and Planetary Change, 72(4), 390\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2010.01.015","journal-title":"Global and Planetary Change"},{"key":"649_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bosworth, W. (2015). Geological evolution of the Red Sea: Historical background, review, and synthesis. The Red Sea, 45\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-45201-1_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45201-1_3"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12890","volume":"44","author":"J Bryja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bryja, J., \u0160umbera, R., Kerbis Peterhans, J. C., Aghov\u00e1, T., Bryjov\u00e1, A., Mikula, O., Nicolas, V., Denys, C., & Verheyen, E. (2017). Evolutionary history of the thicket rats (genus Grammomys) mirrors the evolution of African forests since late Miocene. Journal of Biogeography, 44(1), 182\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbi.12890","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-14-9","volume":"14","author":"RW Bryson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bryson, R. W., Prendini, L., Savary, W. E., & Pearman, P. B. (2014). Caves as microrefugia: Pleistocene phylogeography of the troglophilic North American scorpion Pseudouroctonus reddelli. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14(1), 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-14-9","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52822","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052822","volume":"8","author":"RW Bryson Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bryson, R. W., Jr., Riddle, B. R., Graham, M. R., Smith, B. T., & Prendini, L. (2013). As old as the hills: Montane scorpions in southwestern North America reveal ancient associations between biotic diversification and landscape history. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e52822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0052822","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"649_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2021.107212","volume":"164","author":"S Cain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cain, S., Loria, S. F., Ben-Shlomo, R., Prendini, L., & Gefen, E. (2021). Dated phylogeny and ancestral range estimation of sand scorpions (Buthidae: Buthacus) reveal Early Miocene divergence across land bridges connecting Africa and Asia. Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution, 164, 107\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2021.107212","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution"},{"issue":"38","key":"649_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5572","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1607493113","volume":"113","author":"T Charles-Dominique","year":"2016","unstructured":"Charles-Dominique, T., Davies, T. J., Hempson, G. P., Bezeng, B. S., Daru, B. H., Kabongo, R. M., Maurinc, O., Muasyaa, A. M., van der Bank, M., & Bond, W. J. (2016). Spiny plants, mammal browsers, and the origin of African savannas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(38), E5572\u2013E5579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1607493113","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"649_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syw037","volume":"65","author":"O Chernomor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., & Minh, B. Q. (2016). Terrace aware data structure for phylogenomic inference from supermatrices. Systematic Biology, 65, 997\u20131008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sysbio\/syw037","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-6-54","volume":"6","author":"TL Couvreur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Couvreur, T. L., Chatrou, L. W., Sosef, M. S., & Richardson, J. E. (2008). Molecular phylogenetics reveal multiple tertiary vicariance origins of the African rain forest trees. BMC Biology, 6(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1741-7007-6-54","journal-title":"BMC Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12644","volume":"96","author":"TL Couvreur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Couvreur, T. L., Dauby, G., Blach-Overgaard, A., Deblauwe, V., Dessein, S., Droissart, V., Hardy, O. J., Harris, D. J., Janssens, S. B., Ley, A. C., Mackinder, B. A., Sonk\u00e9, B., Sosef, M. S. M., St\u00e9vart, T., Svenning, J.-C., Wieringa, J. J., Faye, A., Missoup, A. D., Tolley, K. A., Nicolas, V., Ntie, S., Fluteau, F., Robin, C., Guillocheau, F., Barboni, D., & Sepulchre, P.\u00a0(2021). Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna. Biological Reviews, 96(1), 16\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/brv.12644","journal-title":"Biological Reviews"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"649_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2008.02.005","volume":"263","author":"N Drake","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drake, N., El-Hawat, A., Turner, P., Armitage, S., Salem, M., White, K., & McLaren, S. (2008). Palaeohydrology of the Fazzan Basin and surrounding regions: The last 7 million years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 263(3\u20134), 131\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.palaeo.2008.02.005","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"649_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss075","volume":"29","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drummond, A. J., Suchard, M. A., Xie, D., & Rambaut, A. (2012). Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29(8), 1969\u20131973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/mss075","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"649_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","volume":"32","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C. (2004). MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32(5), 1792\u20131797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10336-007-0179-4","volume":"148","author":"J Fjelds\u00e5","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fjelds\u00e5, J., Johansson, U. S., Lokugalappatti, L., & Bowie, R. C. (2007). Diversification of African greenbuls in space and time: Linking ecological and historical processes. Journal of Ornithology, 148(2), 359\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10336-007-0179-4","journal-title":"Journal of Ornithology"},{"key":"649_CR23","first-page":"294","volume":"35","author":"O Folmer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 35, 294\u2013299.","journal-title":"Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology"},{"issue":"4","key":"649_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-11-1607-2018","volume":"11","author":"A Frigola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frigola, A., Prange, M., & Schulz, M. (2018). Boundary conditions for the middle Miocene climate transition (MMCT v1. 0). Geoscientific Model Development, 11(4), 1607\u20131626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-11-1607-2018","journal-title":"Geoscientific Model Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-008-0176-y","volume":"63","author":"E Froufe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Froufe, E., Sousa, P., Alves, P. C., & Harris, D. J. (2008). Genetic diversity within Scorpio maurus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) from Morocco: Preliminary evidence based on CO1 mitochondrial DNA sequences. Biologia, 63(6), 1157\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/s11756-008-0176-y","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"649_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2017.01.007","volume":"108","author":"J Fuchs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fuchs, J., Pons, J.-M., & Bowie, R. C. (2017). Biogeography and diversification dynamics of the African woodpeckers. Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution,108, 88\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2017.01.007","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution"},{"issue":"1564","key":"649_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.3017","volume":"272","author":"B Gantenbein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gantenbein, B., Fet, V., Gantenbein-Ritter, I. A., & Balloux, F. (2005). Evidence for recombination in scorpion mitochondrial DNA (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Proceedings of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences, 272(1564), 697\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2004.3017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"649_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9092","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9092","volume":"8","author":"GL Georgalis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Georgalis, G. L., Gawad, M. K. A., Hassan, S. M., El-Barkooky, A. N., & Hamdan, M. A. (2020). Oldest co-occurrence of Varanus and Python from Africa\u2014First record of squamates from the early Miocene of Moghra Formation, Western Desert,\u00a0Egypt. Peerj, 8, e9092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.9092","journal-title":"Peerj"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2007.03.050","volume":"251","author":"R Gladstone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gladstone, R., Flecker, R., Valdes, P., Lunt, D., & Markwick, P. (2007). The Mediterranean hydrologic budget from a Late Miocene global climate simulation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 251(2), 254\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.palaeo.2007.03.050","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2013.07.028","volume":"69","author":"MR Graham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Graham, M. R., Jaeger, J. R., Prendini, L., & Riddle, B. R. (2013). Phylogeography of Beck\u2019s desert scorpion, Paruroctonus becki, reveals Pliocene diversification in the eastern California Shear Zone and postglacial expansion in the Great Basin Desert. Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution, 69(3), 502\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2013.07.028","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution"},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1111\/zsc.12381","volume":"48","author":"MR Graham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graham, M. R., Myers, E. A., Kaiser, R. C., & Fet, V. (2019). Cryptic species and co-diversification in sand scorpions from the Karakum and Kyzylkum deserts of Central Asia. Zoologica Scripta, 48(6), 801\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zsc.12381","journal-title":"Zoologica Scripta"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/09397140.2012.10648924","volume":"55","author":"MR Graham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graham, M. R., Ol\u00e1h-Hemmings, V., & Fet, V. (2012). Phylogeography of co-distributed dune scorpions identifies the Amu Darya River as a long-standing component of Central Asian biogeography: (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 55(1), 95\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09397140.2012.10648924","journal-title":"Zoology in the Middle East"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blx058","volume":"122","author":"MR Graham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graham, M. R., Wood, D. A., Henault, J. A., Valois, Z. J., & Cushing, P. E. (2017). Ancient lakes, Pleistocene climates and river avulsions structure the phylogeography of a large but little-known rock scorpion from the Mojave and Sonoran deserts. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 122(1), 133\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolinnean\/blx058","journal-title":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1080\/21564574.2014.996189","volume":"64","author":"E Greenbaum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greenbaum, E., Portillo, F., Jackson, K., & Kusamba, C. (2015). A phylogeny of Central African Boaedon (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), with the description of a new cryptic species from the Albertine Rift. African Journal of Herpetology, 64(1), 18\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21564574.2014.996189","journal-title":"African Journal of Herpetology"},{"issue":"4","key":"649_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.156.4.0817","volume":"156","author":"DL Griffin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Griffin, D. L. (1999). The late Miocene climate of northeastern Africa: Unravelling the signals in the sedimentary succession. Journal of the Geological Society, 156(4), 817\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1144\/gsjgs.156.4.0817","journal-title":"Journal of the Geological Society"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"649_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-0182(01)00453-9","volume":"182","author":"DL Griffin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Griffin, D. L. (2002). Aridity and humidity: Two aspects of the late Miocene climate of North Africa and the Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 182(1\u20132), 65\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-0182(01)00453-9","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1599901","DOI":"10.1080\/02724634.2019.1599901","volume":"39","author":"A Grossman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grossman, A., Calvo, R., L\u00f3pez-Anto\u00f1anzas, R., Knoll, F., Hartman, G., & Rabinovich, R. (2019). First record of Sivameryx (Cetartiodactyla, Anthracotheriidae) from the lower Miocene of Israel highlights the importance of the Levantine Corridor as a dispersal route between Eurasia and Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 39(2), e1599901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02724634.2019.1599901","journal-title":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-18","volume":"10","author":"A Guiller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guiller, A., & Madec, L. (2010). Historical biogeography of the land snail Cornu aspersum: A new scenario inferred from haplotype distribution in the Western Mediterranean basin. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10(1), 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2148-10-18","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"649_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.017","volume":"43","author":"R Guiraud","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guiraud, R., Bosworth, W., Thierry, J., & Delplanque, A. (2005). Phanerozoic geological evolution of Northern and Central Africa: An overview. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 43(1\u20133), 83\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.017","journal-title":"Journal of African Earth Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29403","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029403","volume":"7","author":"JC Habel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Habel, J. C., Husemann, M., Schmitt, T., Zachos, F. E., Honnen, A.-C., Petersen, B., Parmakelis, A., & Stathi, I. (2012). Microallopatry caused strong diversification in Buthus scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the Atlas Mountains (NW Africa). PLoS ONE, 7(2), e29403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0029403","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"649_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1590\/S1519-69842008000500003","volume":"68","author":"J Haffer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haffer, J. (2008). Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 68, 917\u2013947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1519-69842008000500003","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Biology"},{"key":"649_CR42","unstructured":"Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. Paper presented at the Nucleic acids symposium series."},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-9-2687-2013","volume":"9","author":"N Hamon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamon, N., Sepulchre, P., Lefebvre, V., & Ramstein, G. (2013). The role of eastern Tethys seaway closure in the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition (ca. 14 Ma). Climate of the Past, 9(6), 2687\u20132702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/cp-9-2687-2013","journal-title":"Climate of the Past"},{"issue":"4","key":"649_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcz.2007.05.001","volume":"246","author":"M Harzhauser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harzhauser, M., Kroh, A., Mandic, O., Piller, W. E., G\u00f6hlich, U., Reuter, M., & Berning, B. (2007). Biogeographic responses to geodynamics: A key study all around the Oligo-Miocene Tethyan Seaway. Zoologischer Anzeiger-A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 246(4), 241\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcz.2007.05.001","journal-title":"Zoologischer Anzeiger-A Journal of Comparative Zoology"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/syen.12092","volume":"40","author":"C Hemp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hemp, C., Kehl, S., Schultz, O., Waegele, J. W., & Hemp, A. (2015). Climatic fluctuations and orogenesis as motors for speciation in East Africa: Case study on Parepistaurus Karsch, 1896 (Orthoptera). Systematic Entomology, 40(1), 17\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/syen.12092","journal-title":"Systematic Entomology"},{"key":"649_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13127-019-00390-7","volume":"19","author":"RJ Howard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Howard, R. J., Edgecombe, G. D., Legg, D. A., Pisani, D., & Lozano-Fernandez, J. . (2019). Exploring the evolution and terrestrialization of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) with rocks and clocks. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 19, 71\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-019-00390-7","journal-title":"Organisms Diversity & Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlx086","volume":"183","author":"JW Huntley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huntley, J. W., Harvey, J. A., Pavia, M., Boano, G., & Voelker, G. (2018). The systematics and biogeography of the Bearded Greenbuls (Aves: Criniger) reveals the impact of Plio-Pleistocene forest fragmentation on Afro-tropical avian diversity. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 183(3), 672\u2013686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlx086","journal-title":"Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13505","volume":"46","author":"JW Huntley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huntley, J. W., Keith, K. D., Castellanos, A. A., Musher, L. J., & Voelker, G. (2019). Underestimated and cryptic diversification patterns across Afro-tropical lowland forests. Journal of Biogeography, 46(2), 381\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbi.13505","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esr130","volume":"103","author":"M Husemann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Husemann, M., Schmitt, T., Stathi, I., & Habel, J. (2012). Evolution and radiation in the scorpion Buthus elmoutaouakili Lourenco and Qi 2006 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) at the foothills of the Atlas Mountains (North Africa). The Journal of Heredity, 103(2), 221\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jhered\/esr130","journal-title":"The Journal of Heredity"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR50","first-page":"6711","volume":"20","author":"FS Hussen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hussen, F. S., & Ahmed, S. T. (2020). New data of scorpion fauna, include two new records with identification key of scorpion species (Arachnida: Scorpiones) in Iraq. Plant Archives, 20(2), 6711\u20136725.","journal-title":"Plant Archives"},{"issue":"1450","key":"649_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2004.1533","volume":"359","author":"BF Jacobs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jacobs, B. F. (2004). Palaeobotanical studies from tropical Africa: Relevance to the evolution of forest, woodland and savannah biomes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 359(1450), 1573\u20131583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2004.1533","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"649_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jacobs, B. F., Pan, A. D., Scotese, C. R., Werdelin, L., & Sanders, W. (2010). A review of the Cenozoic vegetation history of Africa. In L. Werdelin (Eds.), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Oakland, CA, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/california\/9780520257214.003.0005","DOI":"10.1525\/california\/9780520257214.003.0005"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/zsc.12039","volume":"43","author":"F Jacquet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jacquet, F., Nicolas, V., Colyn, M., Kadjo, B., Hutterer, R., Decher, J., Akpatou, B., Cruaud, C., & Denys, C. (2014). Forest refugia and riverine barriers promote diversification in the West African pygmy shrew (Cocidura obscurior complex, Soricomorpha). Zoologica Scripta, 43(2), 131\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zsc.12039","journal-title":"Zoologica Scripta"},{"issue":"4","key":"649_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2011.00686.x","volume":"21","author":"G Keppel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Keppel, G., Van Niel, K. P., Wardell-Johnson, G. W., Yates, C. J., Byrne, M., Mucina, L., Schut, A. G. T., Hopper, S. D., & Franklin, S. E. (2012). Refugia: Identifying and understanding safe havens for biodiversity under climate change. Global Ecology Biogeography, 21(4), 393\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2011.00686.x","journal-title":"Global Ecology Biogeography"},{"key":"649_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khammassi, M., Harris, D. J., Sadine, S. E., Bouhissi, M. E., & Nouira, S. (2023). Description of a new species of Scorpio (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) from Northwestern Algeria using morphological and molecular data. Biologia, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11756-022-01306-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11756-022-01306-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/blab014","volume":"133","author":"R Klesser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klesser, R., Husemann, M., Schmitt, T., Sousa, P., Moussi, A., & Habel, J. C. (2021). Molecular biogeography of the Mediterranean Buthus species complex (Scorpiones: Buthidae) at its southern Palaearctic margin. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133(1), 166\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolinnean\/blab014","journal-title":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR57","first-page":"27","volume":"13","author":"H Ko\u00e7","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ko\u00e7, H., Sipahi, H., & Ya\u011fmur, E. A. (2017). Genetic diversity within Scorpio maurus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) from Turkey. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 13(1), 27\u201333.","journal-title":"North-Western Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"649_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2009.10.025","volume":"285","author":"CM K\u00f6hler","year":"2010","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler, C. M., Heslop, D., Krijgsman, W., & Dekkers, M. (2010). Late Miocene paleoenvironmental changes in North Africa and the Mediterranean recorded by geochemical proxies (Monte Gibliscemi section, Sicily). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 285(1\u20132), 66\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.palaeo.2009.10.025","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR59","first-page":"181","volume":"135","author":"GD Koufos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koufos, G. D., Kostopoulos, D. S., & Vlachou, T. D. (2005). Neogene\/Quaternary mammalian migrations in eastern Mediterranean. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 135(2), 181.","journal-title":"Belgian Journal of Zoology"},{"key":"649_CR60","volume-title":"Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species","author":"F Kova\u0159\u00edk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kova\u0159\u00edk, F. (2009). Illustrated catalog of scorpions. Part I. Introductory remarks; keys to families and genera; subfamily Scorpioninae with keys to Heterometrus and Pandinus species. Prague: Clairon Production."},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","volume":"35","author":"S Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., & Tamura, K. (2018). MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35(6), 1547\u20131549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"649_CR62","first-page":"171","volume":"42","author":"B Lamoral","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lamoral, B. (1978). Soil hardness, an important and limiting factor in burrowing scorpions of the genus Opisthophthalmus CL Koch, 1837 (Scorpionidae, Scorpionida). Symposium of Zoology Society of London, 42, 171\u2013181.","journal-title":"Symposium of Zoology Society of London"},{"key":"649_CR63","first-page":"497","volume":"23","author":"B Lamoral","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lamoral, B. (1979). The scorpions of Namibia (Arachnida-Scorpionida). Annals of the Natal Museum, 23, 497\u2013784.","journal-title":"Annals of the Natal Museum"},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss020","volume":"29","author":"R Lanfear","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S. Y., & Guindon, S. (2012). PartitionFinder: Combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 29(6), 1695\u20131701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/mss020","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"649_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msw260","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw260","volume":"1\u20132","author":"R Lanfear","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P. B., Wright, A. M., Senfeld, T., & Calcott, B. (2016). PartitionFinder 2: New methods for selecting partitioned models of evolution formolecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 1\u20132, msw260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msw260","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"649_CR66","unstructured":"Levy, G., & Amitai, P. (1980). Fauna Palaestina. Arachnida I: Scorpiones. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities."},{"issue":"5","key":"649_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0266","volume":"3","author":"SP Loader","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loader, S. P., Pisani, D., Cotton, J. A., Gower, D. J., Day, J. J., & Wilkinson, M. (2007). Relative time scales reveal multiple origins of parallel disjunct distributions of African caecilian amphibians. Biology Letters, 3(5), 505\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0266","journal-title":"Biology Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47894-y","volume":"9","author":"R L\u00f3pez-Anto\u00f1anzas","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Anto\u00f1anzas, R., Renaud, S., Pel\u00e1ez-Campomanes, P., Azar, D., Kachacha, G., & Knoll, F. (2019). First levantine fossil murines shed new light on the earliest intercontinental dispersal of mice. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-47894-y","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"181","key":"649_CR69","first-page":"99","volume":"15","author":"WR Louren\u00e7o","year":"2009","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, W. R. (2009). Reanalysis of the genus Scorpio Linnaeus 1758 in sub-Saharan Africa and description of one new species from Cameroon (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen Aus Dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 15(181), 99\u2013113.","journal-title":"Entomologische Mitteilungen Aus Dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg"},{"key":"649_CR70","first-page":"123","volume":"45","author":"WR Louren\u00e7o","year":"2009","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, W. R., & Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. (2009). A new species of the genus Scorpio Linnaeus 1758 from Sudan (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). Boletin De La SEA, 45, 123\u2013126.","journal-title":"Boletin De La SEA"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"649_CR71","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"W Louren\u00e7o","year":"2012","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, W., & Cloudsley-thompson, J. (2012). About the enigmatic presence of the genus Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758 in Congo with the description of a new species from Niger (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). Serket, 13(1\u20132), 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Serket"},{"issue":"4","key":"649_CR72","first-page":"307","volume":"21","author":"WR Louren\u00e7o","year":"2012","unstructured":"Louren\u00e7o, W. R., Duhem, B., &\u00a0 Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L.\u00a0(2012). Scorpions from Ennedi, Kapka and Tibesti, the mountains of Chad, with descriptions of nine new species (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Scorpionidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 21(4), 307\u2013338.","journal-title":"Arthropoda Selecta"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-021-01941-3","volume":"21","author":"L Machado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Machado, L., Harris, D. J., & Salvi, D. (2021). Biogeographic and demographic history of the Mediterranean snakes Malpolon monspessulanus and Hemorrhois hippocrepis across the Strait of Gibraltar. BMC Ecology and Evolution, 21(1), 1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12862-021-01941-3","journal-title":"BMC Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"7","key":"649_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.13604","volume":"46","author":"D Mizerovsk\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mizerovsk\u00e1, D., Nicolas, V., Demos, T. C., Akaibe, D., Colyn, M., Denys, C., Kaleme, P. K., Katuala, P., Kennis, J., Kerbis Peterhans, J. C., Laudisoit, A., Missoup, A. D., \u0160umbera, R., Verheyen, E., & Bryja, J. (2019). Genetic variation of the most abundant forest-dwelling rodents in Central Africa (Praomys jacksoni complex): Evidence for Pleistocene refugia in both montane and lowland forests. Journal of Biogeography, 46(7), 1466\u20131478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbi.13604","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"649_CR75","volume-title":"Origin and evolution of tropical rain forests","author":"RJ Morley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morley, R. J. (2000). Origin and evolution of tropical rain forests. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"649_CR76","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tropical rainforest responses to climatic change","author":"R Morley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morley, R. (2011). Cretaceous and Tertiary climate change and the past distribution of megathermal rainforests. In M. Bush, J. Flenley, & W. Gosling (Eds.), Tropical rainforest responses to climatic change (pp. 1\u201334). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Praxis Books."},{"issue":"12","key":"649_CR77","first-page":"241","volume":"27","author":"G Newlands","year":"1972","unstructured":"Newlands, G. (1972). Notes on psammophilous scorpions and a description of a new species (Arachnida: Scorpionides). Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 27(12), 241\u2013254.","journal-title":"Annals of the Transvaal Museum"},{"key":"649_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","volume":"32","author":"LT Nguyen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nguyen, L. T., Schmidt, H. A., von Haeseler, A., & Minh, B. Q. (2015). IQ-TREE: A fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 32, 268\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msu300","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3406\/ecmed.2003.1530","volume":"29","author":"S Nouira","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nouira, S., & Blanc, C. (2003). Distribution spatiale des Lacertid\u00e9s (Sauria, Reptilia) en Tunisie; caract\u00e9ristiques des biotopes et r\u00f4le des facteurs \u00e9cologiques. Ecologia Mediterranea, 29(1), 71\u201386.","journal-title":"Ecologia Mediterranea"},{"key":"649_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.01.009","volume":"106","author":"A Novello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Novello, A., Barboni, D., Sylvestre, F., Lebatard, A.-E., Paill\u00e8s, C., Bourl\u00e8s, D. L., Andossa Likius, A., Mackaye, H. T., Vignaud, P., & Brunet, M. (2017). Phytoliths indicate significant arboreal cover at Sahelanthropus type locality TM266 in northern Chad and a decrease in later sites. Journal of Human Evolution, 106, 66\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhevol.2017.01.009","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"649_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.08.007","volume":"94","author":"AA Ojanguren-Affilastro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ojanguren-Affilastro, A. A., Mattoni, C. I., Ochoa, J. A., Ram\u00edrez, M. J., Ceccarelli, F. S., & Prendini, L. (2016). Phylogeny, species delimitation and convergence in the South American bothriurid scorpion genus Brachistosternus Pocock 1893: Integrating morphology, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution, 94, 159\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.08.007","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution"},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1017\/jpa.2021.64","volume":"95","author":"L Pandolfi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pandolfi, L., Calvo, R., Grossman, A., & Rabinovich, R. (2021). Rhinocerotidae from the early Miocene of the Negev (Israel) and implications for the dispersal of early Neogene rhinoceroses. Journal of Paleontology, 95(6), 1340\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jpa.2021.64","journal-title":"Journal of Paleontology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"649_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(04)00003-2","volume":"220","author":"BD Peter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Peter, B. D. (2004). African climate change and faunal evolution during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Earth Planetary Science Letters, 220(1\u20132), 3\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0012-821X(04)00003-2","journal-title":"Earth Planetary Science Letters"},{"key":"649_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2015.00154","volume":"6","author":"L Pokorny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pokorny, L., Riina, R., Mairal, M., Meseguer, A. S., Culshaw, V., Cendoya, J., Miguel Serrano, M., Carbajal, R., Ortiz, S., Heuertz, M., & Sanmart\u00edn, I. (2015). Living on the edge: Timing of Rand Flora disjunctions congruent with ongoing aridification in Africa. Frontiers in Genetics, 6, 154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2015.00154","journal-title":"Frontiers in Genetics"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"649_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2006.03.020","volume":"238","author":"SV Popov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Popov, S. V., Shcherba, I. G., Ilyina, L. B., Nevesskaya, L. A., Paramonova, N. P., Khondkarian, S. O., & Magyar, I. (2006). Late Miocene to Pliocene palaeogeography of the Paratethys and its relation to the Mediterranean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 238(1\u20134), 91\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.palaeo.2006.03.020","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"649_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2018.03.019","volume":"127","author":"F Portillo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Portillo, F., Branch, W. R., Conradie, W., R\u00f6del, M.-O., Penner, J., Barej, M. F., Kusamba, C., Muninga, W. M., Aristotei, M. M., Bauer, A. M., Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Trape, J.-F., Nagy, Z. T., Carlinom, P., Pauwels, O. S. G., Menegon, M., Burger, M., Mazuch, T., Jackson, K., Hughesa, D. F.,\u00a0Behangana, M., & Greenbaum, E. (2018). Phylogeny and biogeography of the African burrowing snake subfamily Aparallactinae (Squamata: Lamprophiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution, 127, 288\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2018.03.019","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics Evolution"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"649_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2012.02.005","volume":"112","author":"MJ Pound","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pound, M. J., Haywood, A. M., Salzmann, U., & Riding, J. B. (2012). Global vegetation dynamics and latitudinal temperature gradients during the Mid to Late Miocene (15.97\u20135.33 Ma). Earth-Science Reviews, 112(1\u20132), 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earscirev.2012.02.005","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"649_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2010.11.029","volume":"300","author":"MJ Pound","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pound, M. J., Haywood, A. M., Salzmann, U., Riding, J. B., Lunt, D. J., & Hunter, S. J. (2011). A Tortonian (late Miocene, 11.61\u20137.25 Ma) global vegetation reconstruction. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 300(1\u20134), 29\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.palaeo.2010.11.029","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"649_CR89","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Scorpions 2001","author":"L Prendini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prendini, L. (2001). Substratum specialization and speciation in southern African scorpions: The effect hypothesis revisited. In V. Fet & P. A. Selden (Eds.), Scorpions 2001 (pp. 113\u2013138). British Arachnological Society."},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1071\/IS02016","volume":"17","author":"L Prendini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Prendini, L., Crowe, T. M., & Wheeler, W. C. (2003). Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae (Chelicerata: Scorpiones), with a discussion on phylogenetic methods. Invertebrate Systematics, 17(2), 185\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/IS02016","journal-title":"Invertebrate Systematics"},{"issue":"5","key":"649_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2005.00073.x","volume":"21","author":"L Prendini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prendini, L., & Wheeler, W. C. (2005). Scorpion higher phylogeny and classification, taxonomic anarchy, and standards for peer review in online publishing. Cladistics, 21(5), 446\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1096-0031.2005.00073.x","journal-title":"Cladistics"},{"key":"649_CR92","unstructured":"Rambaut, A. (2012). Figtree 1.4. 0. Distributed by the author via: http:\/\/tree.bio.ed.ac.uk\/software\/figtree"},{"key":"649_CR93","volume-title":"Tracer: MCMC trace analysis tool","author":"A Rambaut","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rambaut, A., & Drummond, A. J. (2003). Tracer: MCMC trace analysis tool. University of Oxford."},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/bly053","volume":"124","author":"J\u00c1 Rangel L\u00f3pez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rangel L\u00f3pez, J. \u00c1., Husemann, M., Schmitt, T., Kramp, K., & Habel, J. C. (2018). Mountain barriers and trans-Saharan connections shape the genetic structure of Pimelia darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 124(3), 547\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolinnean\/bly053","journal-title":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society"},{"issue":"1563","key":"649_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2992","volume":"272","author":"S Renaud","year":"2005","unstructured":"Renaud, S., Michaux, J., Schmidt, D. N., Aguilar, J.-P., Mein, P., & Auffray, J.-C. (2005). Morphological evolution, ecological diversification and climate change in rodents. Proceedings of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences, 272(1563), 609\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2004.2992","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"649_CR96","first-page":"339","volume":"50","author":"F R\u00f6gl","year":"1999","unstructured":"R\u00f6gl, F. (1999). Mediterranean and Paratethys. Facts and hypotheses of an Oligocene to Miocene Paleogeography (short overview). Geologica Carpathica, 50, 339\u2013349.","journal-title":"Geologica Carpathica"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029","volume":"61","author":"F Ronquist","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Van Der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., H\u00f6hna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A., & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology, 61(3), 539\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sysbio\/sys029","journal-title":"Systematic biology"},{"key":"649_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511819049.009","volume-title":"The phylogenetic handbook: A practical approach to phylogenetic analysis and hypothesis testing","author":"F Ronquist","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ronquist, F., van der Mark, P., & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2009). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using MRBAYES. In P. Lemey, M. Salemi, & A.-M. Vandamme (Eds.), The phylogenetic handbook: A practical approach to phylogenetic analysis and hypothesis testing (pp. 210\u2013266). Published by Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"649_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1007\/s11692-017-9417-8","volume":"44","author":"D Rosado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosado, D., Rato, C., Salvi, D., & Harris, D. J. (2017). Evolutionary history of the Morocco lizard-fingered geckos of the Saurodactylus brosseti complex. Evolutionary Biology, 44, 386\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11692-017-9417-8","journal-title":"Evolutionary Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"649_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/jbi.12062","volume":"40","author":"I Salicini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salicini, I., Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, C., & Juste, J. (2013). Deep differentiation between and within Mediterranean glacial refugia in a flying mammal, the Myotis nattereri bat complex. Journal of Biogeography, 40(6), 1182\u20131193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jbi.12062","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1071\/IS19033","volume":"34","author":"CE Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez-L\u00f3pez, C. E., Ojanguren-Affilastro, A. A., & Sharma, P. P. (2020). Another one bites the dust: Taxonomic sampling of a key genus in phylogenomic datasets reveals more non-monophyletic groups in traditional scorpion classification. Invertebrate Systematics, 34(2), 133\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/IS19033","journal-title":"Invertebrate Systematics"},{"key":"649_CR102","first-page":"186","volume":"60","author":"E Schenkel","year":"1949","unstructured":"Schenkel, E. (1949). Mitteilungen \u00fcber Spinnentiere. Skorpioneaus Marokko. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaftin Basel, 60, 186\u2013201.","journal-title":"Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaftin Basel"},{"issue":"5762","key":"649_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120161","volume":"311","author":"M Schuster","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schuster, M., Duringer, P., Ghienne, J.-F., Vignaud, P., Mackaye, H. T., Likius, A., & Brunet, M. (2006). The age of the Sahara Desert. Science, 311(5762), 821\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1120161","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1804","key":"649_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20142953","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.2953","volume":"282","author":"PP Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma, P. P., Fern\u00e1ndez, R., Esposito, L. A., Gonz\u00e1lez-Santill\u00e1n, E., & Monod, L. (2015). Phylogenomic resolution of scorpions reveals multilevel discordance with morphological phylogenetic signal. Proceedings of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences, 282(1804), 20142953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2014.2953","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society b: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"649_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4543","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4543","volume":"6","author":"EN Solovyeva","year":"2018","unstructured":"Solovyeva, E. N., Lebedev, V. S., Dunayev, E. A., Nazarov, R. A., Bannikova, A. A., Che, J., Robert, W., Murphy, R. W., & Poyarkov, N. A. (2018). Cenozoic aridization in Central Eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas (Phrynocephalus; Agamidae, Reptilia). PeerJ, 6, e4543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.4543","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-021-05449-3","volume":"14","author":"P Soltan-Alinejad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soltan-Alinejad, P., Rafinejad, J., Dabiri, F., Onorati, P., Terenius, O., & Chavshin, A. R. (2021). Molecular analysis of the mitochondrial markers COI, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA for six species of Iranian scorpions. BMC Research Notes, 14(1), 40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-021-05449-3","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5733\/afin.052.0106","volume":"52","author":"P Sousa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sousa, P., Froufe, E., Harris, D. J., Alves, P. C., & Van der Meijden, A. (2011). Genetic diversity of Maghrebian Hottentotta (Scorpiones: Buthidae) scorpions based on CO1: New insights on the genus phylogeny and distribution. African Invertebrates, 52(1), 135\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5733\/afin.052.0106","journal-title":"African Invertebrates"},{"key":"649_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2012.00925.x","volume":"288","author":"P Sousa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sousa, P., Harris, D., Froufe, E., & Meijden, A. (2012). Phylogeographic patterns of Buthus scorpions (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in the Maghreb and South Western Europe based on CO1 mtDNA sequences. Journal of Zoology, 288, 66\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2012.00925.x","journal-title":"Journal of Zoology"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vey016","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/vey016","volume":"4","author":"MA Suchard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suchard, M. A., Lemey, P., Baele, G., Ayres, D. L., Drummond, A. J., & Rambaut, A. (2018). Bayesian phylogenetic and phylodynamic data integration using BEAST 1.10. Virus evolution, 4(1), vey016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ve\/vey016","journal-title":"Virus evolution"},{"key":"649_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.04.028","volume":"91","author":"S Talal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Talal, S., Tesler, I., Sivan, J., Ben-Shlomo, R., Tahir, H. M., Prendini, L., Snir, S., & Gefen, E. (2015). Scorpion speciation in the Holy Land: Multilocus phylogeography corroborates diagnostic differences in morphology and burrowing behavior among Scorpio subspecies and justifies recognition as phylogenetic, ecological and biological species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 91, 226\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ympev.2015.04.028","journal-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution"},{"issue":"30","key":"649_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11030","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404206101","volume":"101","author":"K Tamura","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tamura, K., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2004). Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(30), 11030\u201311035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0404206101","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syab025","volume":"71","author":"H Tejero-Cicu\u00e9ndez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tejero-Cicu\u00e9ndez, H., Patton, A. H., Caetano, D. S., \u0160m\u00edd, J., Harmon, L. J., & Carranza, S. (2022). Reconstructing squamate biogeography in Afro-Arabia reveals the influence of a complex and dynamic geologic past. Systematic Biology, 71(2), 261\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sysbio\/syab025","journal-title":"Systematic Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.13128\/Acta_Herpetol-12875","volume":"9","author":"W Tlili","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tlili, W., Nefla, A., Delaugerre, M., Ouni, R., & Nouira, S. (2014). Factors determining Gekkotan (Reptilia, Sauria) distribution in Tunisia (North Africa). Acta Herpetologica, 9(2), 203\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13128\/Acta_Herpetol-12875","journal-title":"Acta Herpetologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70652-4","volume":"10","author":"A Torfstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Torfstein, A., & Steinberg, J. (2020). The Oligo-Miocene closure of the Tethys Ocean and evolution of the proto-Mediterranean Sea. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-70652-4","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"649_CR115","unstructured":"Vachon, M. (1952). \u00c9tudes sur les scorpions. Description des Scorpions du Nord de l\u2019Afrique. Archive de l'Institut Pasteur d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, Alger."},{"issue":"5","key":"649_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2012.01485.x","volume":"220","author":"A van der Meijden","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Meijden, A., Kleinteich, T., & Coelho, P. (2012). Packing a pinch: Functional implications of chela shapes in scorpions using finite element analysis. Journal of Anatomy, 220(5), 423\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2012.01485.x","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.04002.x","volume":"18","author":"KL Voje","year":"2009","unstructured":"Voje, K. L., Hemp, C., Flagstad, \u00d8., S\u00e6tre, G. P., & Stenseth, N. C. (2009). Climatic change as an engine for speciation in flightless Orthoptera species inhabiting African mountains. Molecular Ecology, 18(1), 93\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2008.04002.x","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.57800\/faunitaxys-11(3)","volume":"11","author":"E Ythier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ythier, E., & Fran\u00e7ois, A. (2023). The scorpion fauna of the Oriental region in Morocco (Scorpiones: Buthidae, Scorpionidae) with description of three new species of the genus Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758. Faunitaxys, 11(3), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.57800\/faunitaxys-11(3)","journal-title":"Faunitaxys"}],"container-title":["Organisms Diversity & Evolution"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13127-024-00649-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13127-024-00649-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13127-024-00649-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T22:56:58Z","timestamp":1726786618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13127-024-00649-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13127-024-00649-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6092","1618-1077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6092","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-1077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}