{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:50:49Z","timestamp":1764305449294},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484784000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knowl Econ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-017-0447-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T03:52:35Z","timestamp":1484797955000},"page":"329-358","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Science Policy, R&amp;D and Knowledge in Portugal: an Application of Social Network Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Rui","family":"Gama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"447_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01581830","volume":"27","author":"E Andersson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Andersson, E., & Persson, O. (1993). Networking scientists. Ann Reg Sci, 27, 11\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Reg Sci"},{"key":"447_CR2","volume-title":"Linked-the new science of networks","author":"A Barab\u00e1si","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barab\u00e1si, A. (2002). Linked-the new science of networks. Cambridge: Perseus Publishing."},{"key":"447_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"26","author":"J Barnes","year":"1972","unstructured":"Barnes, J. (1972). Social networks. Addison-Wesley Module in Anthropology, 26, 1\u201329.","journal-title":"Addison-Wesley Module in Anthropology"},{"key":"447_CR4","volume-title":"Algorithmics of large and complex networks, design, analysis, and simulation","author":"M Baur","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baur, M., Brandes, U., Lerner, J., & Wagner, D. (2009). Group-level analysis and visualization of social networks (pp. 330\u2013358). In J. Lerner, D. Wagner, & K. A. Zweig (Eds.), Algorithmics of large and complex networks, design, analysis, and simulation. Heidelberg: Springer."},{"key":"447_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2015.09.014","volume":"113","author":"T Brand\u00e3o","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brand\u00e3o, T. (2016). Shaping Portuguese science policy for the European horizon: the discourses of technological change. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 113, 168\u2013184.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting & Social Change"},{"key":"447_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-839X.2007.00241.x","volume":"11","author":"C Butts","year":"2008","unstructured":"Butts, C. (2008). Social network analysis: a methodological introduction. Asian J Soc Psychol, 11, 13\u201341.","journal-title":"Asian J Soc Psychol"},{"key":"447_CR7","volume-title":"Mode 3 knowledge production in quadruple helix innovation systems. 21st-century democracy, innovation, and entrepreneurship for development. SpringerBriefs in Business","author":"EG Carayannis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). Mode 3 knowledge production in quadruple helix innovation systems. 21st-century democracy, innovation, and entrepreneurship for development. SpringerBriefs in Business. New York: Springer http:\/\/www.springer.com\/business+%26+management\/book\/978-1-4614-2061-3 ."},{"key":"447_CR8","unstructured":"CE (2010). EUROPA 2020 Estrat\u00e9gia para um crescimento inteligente, sustent\u00e1vel e inclusivo. Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri \u00a0=\u00a0COM:2010:2020:FIN:pt:PDF."},{"key":"447_CR9","unstructured":"CE (2011). Livro Verde - Dos Desafios \u00e0s Oportunidades: Para um Quadro Estrat\u00e9gico Comum de Financiamento da Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o da UE. Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2011:0048:FIN:PT:PDF ."},{"key":"447_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203929605","volume-title":"The triple helix\u2014university-industry-government-innovation in action","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H. (2008). The triple helix\u2014university-industry-government-innovation in action. New York: Routledge."},{"key":"447_CR11","first-page":"14","volume":"14","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The triple helix university-industry-government relations: a Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development. EASST Review, 14, 14\u201319.","journal-title":"EASST Review"},{"key":"447_CR12","volume-title":"Universities and the global knowledge economy: a triple helix of university-industry-government relations","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1997). Universities and the global knowledge economy: a triple helix of university-industry-government relations. London: Pinter."},{"issue":"2","key":"447_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00055-4","volume":"29","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and \u201cMode 2\u201d to a triple helix of university\u2013industry\u2013government relations. Res Policy, 29(2), 109\u2013123.","journal-title":"Res Policy"},{"key":"447_CR14","volume-title":"A guide for the visually perplexed: visually representing social networks","author":"S Everton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Everton, S. (2004). A guide for the visually perplexed: visually representing social networks. Stanford: Stanford University."},{"key":"447_CR15","volume-title":"Cidades e Regi\u00f5es do Conhecimento: Do digital ao inteligente - Estrat\u00e9gias de desenvolvimento territorial","author":"R Fernandes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fernandes, R. (2008). Cidades e Regi\u00f5es do Conhecimento: Do digital ao inteligente - Estrat\u00e9gias de desenvolvimento territorial. Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra."},{"key":"447_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-8733(79)90002-9","volume":"2","author":"L Freeman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Freeman, L., Roeder, D., & Mulholland, R. (1979). Centrality in social networks: ii. Experimental results. Soc Networks, 2, 119\u2013141.","journal-title":"Soc Networks"},{"key":"447_CR17","unstructured":"Gama, R., Fernandes, R., & Barros, C. (2013). Redes de I&D da Universidade de Coimbra: an\u00e1lise dos projetos de IC&DT financiados pela Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT). Actas do IX Congresso da Geografia Portuguesa, 241\u2013246."},{"key":"447_CR18","unstructured":"Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P. & Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge: the dynamics of science and research in contemporary society. London: Sage."},{"key":"447_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-008-0241-z","volume":"44","author":"H Goldstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goldstein, H. (2010). The \u2018entrepreneurial turn\u2019 and regional economic development mission of universities. Ann Reg Sci, 44, 83\u2013109.","journal-title":"Ann Reg Sci"},{"key":"447_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4896(03)00028-3","volume":"46","author":"D G\u00f3mes","year":"2003","unstructured":"G\u00f3mes, D., et al. (2003). Centrality and power in social networks: a game theoric approach. Math Soc Sci, 46, 27\u201354.","journal-title":"Math Soc Sci"},{"key":"447_CR21","volume-title":"Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL","author":"D Hansen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hansen, D., Shneiderman, B., & Smith, M. (2011). Analyzing social media networks with NodeXL. USA: Elsevier."},{"key":"447_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heitor, M. V., & Horta, H. (2011). Science and technology in Portugal: from late awakening to the challenge of knowledge integrate communities. In G. Neave & A. Amaral (Eds.), Higher education in Portugal 1974\u20132009. A nation, a generation (pp. 179\u2013226). Dordrech: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2135-7_8"},{"key":"447_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118739044.ch16","volume-title":"The handbook of global science, technology, and innovation","author":"S Hennemann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hennemann, S., & Liefner, I. (2015). Global science colaboration. In D. Archibugi & A. Filippetti (Eds.), The handbook of global science, technology, and innovation (pp. 343\u2013363). Chichester: Wiley Blackwell."},{"key":"447_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-009-0022-1","author":"D Jansen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jansen, D., von G\u00f6rtz, R., & Heidler, R. (2009). Knowledge production and the structure of collaboration networks in two scientific fields. Scientometrics. doi: 10.1007\/s11192-009-0022-1 .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"447_CR25","volume-title":"An\u00e1lise Estrutural das Redes Sociais. Epistemologia e Sociedade","author":"V Lemieux","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lemieux, V., & Ouimet, M. (2004). An\u00e1lise Estrutural das Redes Sociais. Epistemologia e Sociedade. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget."},{"issue":"2","key":"447_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/13662719400000002","volume":"1","author":"B-\u00c5 Lundvall","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lundvall, B.-\u00c5., & Johnson, B. (1994). The learning economy. Journal of Industry Studies, 1(2) December, 23\u201342.","journal-title":"Journal of Industry Studies"},{"key":"447_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2016.06.002","volume":"10","author":"M Maisonobe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maisonobe, M., Eckert, D., Grossetti, M., J\u00e9gou, L., & Milard, B. (2016). The world network of scientific collaborations between cities: domestic or international dynamics? Journal of Informetrics, 10, 1025\u20131036.","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"key":"447_CR28","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Uma Metr\u00f3pole para o Atl\u00e2ntico","author":"T Marques","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marques, T., Santos, H., & Ribeiro, P. (2015). Redes de inova\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f3mica ancoradas no Arco Metropolitan de Lisboa (2007\u20132013). In J. M. F. Ribeiro, F. Moura, & J. Chorincas (Eds.), Uma Metr\u00f3pole para o Atl\u00e2ntico (pp. 557\u2013590). Lisboa: Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian."},{"key":"447_CR29","unstructured":"MCES. (2002). Praxis XXI Interven\u00e7\u00e3o Operacional Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia. Relat\u00f3rio Final Vertente FEDER. Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia e Ensino Superior. http:\/\/www.qca.pt\/n_qca\/pdf\/praxis.pdf ."},{"key":"447_CR30","unstructured":"MCTES (2006). Um Compromisso com a Ci\u00eancia para o Futuro de Portugal: Vencer o atraso cient\u00edfico e tecnol\u00f3gico. Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior. http:\/\/www.umic.pt\/images\/stories\/publicacoes\/MCTES_compromisso_com_a_ciencia.pdf ."},{"key":"447_CR31","volume-title":"Re-thinking science. Knowledge and the public in an age of uncertainty","author":"H Nowotny","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2001). Re-thinking science. Knowledge and the public in an age of uncertainty. Cambridge: Polity Press."},{"key":"447_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025505528250","volume":"41","author":"H Nowotny","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2003). Mode 2 revisited: the new production of knowledge. Minerva, 41, 179\u2013194.","journal-title":"Minerva"},{"key":"447_CR33","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Knowledge creation, diffusion, and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters. A comparative systems approach across the United States, Europe and Asia","author":"H Nowotny","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2006). Re-thinking science: mode 2 in societal context. In E. G. Carayannis & D. F. J. Campbell (Eds.), Knowledge creation, diffusion, and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters. A comparative systems approach across the United States, Europe and Asia (pp. 39\u201351). Westport: Praeger."},{"issue":"2","key":"447_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/1028315309337932","volume":"14","author":"M Patr\u00edcio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patr\u00edcio, M. (2010). Science policy and the internationalisation of research in Portugal. J Stud Int Educ, 14(2), 161\u2013182.","journal-title":"J Stud Int Educ"},{"issue":"4","key":"447_CR35","first-page":"1115","volume":"38","author":"C Phelps","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phelps, C., Heidl, R., & Wadhwa, A. (2012). Knowledge, networks, and knowledge networks. A review and Research Agenda Journal of Management, 38(4), 1115\u20131166.","journal-title":"A review and Research Agenda Journal of Management"},{"key":"447_CR36","unstructured":"Presid\u00eancia do Conselho de Ministros (2011). Programa do XIX Governo Constitucional. Presid\u00eancia do Conselho de Ministros. http:\/\/www.portugal.gov.pt\/media\/130538\/programa_gc19.pdf ."},{"key":"447_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529682557","volume-title":"Social network analysis","author":"J Scott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scott, J. (2013). Social network analysis. London: Sage."},{"key":"447_CR38","unstructured":"Smith M, et al. (2009). Analyzing (social media) networks with NodeXL. C&T \u201809: Proc. fourth international conference on Communities and Technologies. http:\/\/hcil2.cs.umd.edu \/trs\/2009\u201311\/2009\u201311.pdf."},{"key":"447_CR39","unstructured":"Wilsdon, J. (2011). Knowledge, networks and nations: global scientific collaboration in the 21st century. In Royal Society Policy document 03\/11. London: The Royal Society."},{"issue":"3","key":"447_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-008-0258-3","volume":"43","author":"A Wal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wal, A., & Boschma, R. (2009). Applying social network analysis in economic geography: framing some key analytic issues. Ann Reg Sci, 43(3), 739\u2013756.","journal-title":"Ann Reg Sci"},{"key":"447_CR41","volume-title":"The new invisible college\u2014science for development","author":"C Wagner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wagner, C. (2008). The new invisible college\u2014science for development. Washington: The Brookings Institution Press."},{"key":"447_CR42","unstructured":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral de Estat\u00edsticas de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Ci\u00eancia. (2016) http:\/\/www.dgeec.mec.pt \/."},{"key":"447_CR43","unstructured":"The Foundation for Science and Technology (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia). (2016) http:\/\/www.fct.pt\/ ."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Knowledge Economy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13132-017-0447-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13132-017-0447-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13132-017-0447-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T22:14:04Z","timestamp":1719008044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13132-017-0447-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13132-017-0447-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-7865","1868-7873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-7865","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-7873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]]}}}