{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:59:52Z","timestamp":1777507192790,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04011\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015321","name":"Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Knowl Econ"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Research on the entrepreneurship ecosystem, based on different data and scales, limits the acceptance of a single definition. This conceptual limitation and the still recent research and higher education institutions have come to be seen as ecosystems associated with entrepreneurship. The aim of this study is to contribute to the field of knowledge, identify current and emerging thematic areas and trends and reveal the scientific roots of research on entrepreneurial ecosystems and their relationship with higher education institutions. A bibliometric analysis was developed to analyse a final sample of 110 articles published between 2011 and 2022. In order to develop the analysis, <jats:italic>Bibliometrix R-Tool<\/jats:italic> was used and the metadata of two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) was retrieved and merged. The software creates a reference co-citation\u2019s map, which allowed emphasize the state of the art and indicate three thematic clusters: (i) the importance of the higher education context for the entrepreneurial ecosystem, (ii) the evolution and challenges of entrepreneurship education and (iii) academic entrepreneurship ecosystems. The paper concludes by suggesting future research focused on the importance of building an integrated approach to entrepreneurial ecosystems and higher education institutions on a context regional scale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-024-01819-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T05:02:12Z","timestamp":1708059732000},"page":"17498-17528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Academic Entrepreneurship Ecosystems: Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maria Patroc\u00ednia","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1557-1319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Susana","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Veland","family":"Ramadani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1819_CR1","first-page":"449","volume":"43","author":"ZJ Acs","year":"2014","unstructured":"Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 449\u2013476.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"11","key":"1819_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.22215\/timreview\/1280","volume":"9","author":"H Allahar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allahar, H., & Sookram, R. (2019). A university business school as an entrepreneurial ecosystem hub. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(11), 15\u201325.","journal-title":"Technology Innovation Management Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"1819_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2017.1299694","volume":"25","author":"J Alvedalen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alvedalen, J., & Boschma, R. (2017). A critical review of entrepreneurial ecosystems research: Towards a future research agenda. European Planning Studies, 25(6), 887\u2013903.","journal-title":"European Planning Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"1819_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2017.08.007","volume":"11","author":"M Aria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Infometrics, 11(4), 959\u2013975. RSL.","journal-title":"Journal of Infometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1819_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2307\/2392620","volume":"28","author":"WG Astley","year":"1983","unstructured":"Astley, W. G., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1983). Central perspectives and debates in organization theory. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(2), 245\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2392620","journal-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly"},{"issue":"5","key":"1819_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9473-8","volume":"42","author":"D Audretsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Audretsch, D., & Belitski, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems in cities: Establishing the framework conditions. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(5), 1030\u20131051.","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"1819_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-018-9690-4","volume":"44","author":"D Audretsch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Audretsch, D., Cunningham, J., Kuratko, D., Lehman, E., & Menter, M. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: Economic, technological, and societal impacts. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 44, 313\u2013325.","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"1819_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Audretsch, B., & Link, N. (2017). Universities and the entrepreneurial ecosystem (pp. 13\u201350). Edward Elgar.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781786432797"},{"issue":"2","key":"1819_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12095","volume":"38","author":"T Bae","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bae, T., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 38(2), 217\u2013254.","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice"},{"key":"1819_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-017-9581-0","volume":"43","author":"K Bischoff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bischoff, K., Volkmann, C., & Audretsch, D. (2018). Stakeholder collaboration in entrepreneurship education: An analysis of the entrepreneurial ecosystems of European higher educational institutions. Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, 20\u201346.","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1819_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-015-9399-6","volume":"41","author":"W Boh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boh, W., De-Haan, U., & Strom, R. (2016). University technology transfer through entrepreneurship: Faculty and students in spinoffs. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 41(4), 661\u2013669.","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1819_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtz033","volume":"28","author":"S Breznitz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Breznitz, S., & Zhang, Q. (2019). Fostering the growth of student start-ups from university accelerators: An entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 855\u2013873.","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"key":"1819_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-017-9865-7","volume":"49","author":"R Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown, R., & Mason, C. (2017). Looking inside the spiky bits: A critical review and conceptualisation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 49, 11\u201330.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"key":"1819_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brush, C. G. (2014). Exploring the concept of an entrepreneurship education ecosystem. In\u00a0Innovative pathways for university entrepreneurship in the 21st century\u00a0(vol. 24, pp. 25\u201339). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.","DOI":"10.1108\/S1048-473620140000024000"},{"key":"1819_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carayannis, E., Grigoroudis, E., Campbell, D., Meissner, D., & Stamati, D. (2017). The ecosystem as helix: An exploratory theory-building study of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems as Quadruple\/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models. R & D Management, 148\u2013162.","DOI":"10.1111\/radm.12300"},{"key":"1819_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmacro.2013.09.018","volume":"39","author":"A Carneiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carneiro, A., Portugal, P., & Varej\u00e3o, J. (2014). Catastrophic job destruction during the Portuguese economic crisis. Journal of Macroeconomics, 39, 444\u2013457.","journal-title":"Journal of Macroeconomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1819_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6486.2010.00991.x","volume":"48","author":"B Clarysse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Clarysse, B., Wright, M., & Van de Velde, E. (2011). Entrepreneurial origin, technological knowledge, and the growth of spin-off companies. Journal of Management Studies, 48(6), 1420\u20131442.","journal-title":"Journal of Management Studies"},{"issue":"7","key":"1819_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2014.04.014","volume":"43","author":"B Clarysse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clarysse, B., Wright, M., Bruneel, J., & Mahajan, A. (2014). Creating value in ecosystems: Crossing the chasm between knowledge and business ecosystems. Research Policy, 43(7), 1164\u20131176.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.428","volume":"15","author":"B Cohen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cohen, B. (2006). Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems. Business Strategy Environment, 15(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Business Strategy Environment"},{"key":"1819_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-017-9952-9","volume":"52","author":"MG Colombo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colombo, M. G., Dagnino, G. B., Lehmann, E. E., & Salmador, M. (2019). The governance of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 52, 419\u2013428.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"key":"1819_CR21","first-page":"35","volume":"16","author":"R Engle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Engle, R., Dimitriadi, N., Gavidia, J., Schlaegel, C., Delano\u00eb-Gueguen, S., Alvarado, I., He, X., Baume, S., & Wolff, B. (2010). Entrepreneurial intent: A twelve country evaluation of Ajzen\u2019s model on planned behavior. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research., 16, 35\u201357.","journal-title":"International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research."},{"issue":"2","key":"1819_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(99)00055-4","volume":"29","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From national systems and \u201cmode 2\u201d to a triple helix of university\u2013industry\u2013government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109\u2013123.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"90","key":"1819_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1590\/s0103-40142017.3190003","volume":"31","author":"H Etzkowitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Etzkowitz, H., & Zhou, C. (2017). H\u00e9lice Tr\u00edplice: Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Empreendedorismo Universidade-Ind\u00fastria-Governo. Estudos Avan\u00e7ados, 31(90), 23\u201348.","journal-title":"Estudos Avan\u00e7ados"},{"issue":"4","key":"1819_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtz031","volume":"28","author":"M Feldman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feldman, M., Siegel, D. S., & Wright, M. (2019). New developments in innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 817\u2013826.","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"key":"1819_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11846-017-0242-3","volume":"13","author":"J Ferreira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferreira, J., Fernandes, C., & Kraus, S. (2019). Entrepreneurship research: Mapping intellectual structures and research trends. Review of Managerial Science, 13, 181\u2013205.","journal-title":"Review of Managerial Science"},{"key":"1819_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1134618","volume":"14","author":"M Ferreira-Neto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferreira-Neto, M., de Carvalho-Castro, J., de Sousa-Filho, J., & Souza-Lessa, B. (2023). The role of self-efficacy, entrepreneurial passion, and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions. Frontiers in. Psychology, 14, 1\u201314.","journal-title":"Frontiers in. Psychology"},{"key":"1819_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4337\/9781849805896","volume-title":"The development of university-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: Global practices","author":"L Fetters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fetters, L., Patricia, G., Mark, P., & Butler, J. (2010). The development of university-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: Global practices. Edward Elgar."},{"key":"1819_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2011.05.013","volume":"40","author":"R Fini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fini, R., Grimaldi, R., Santoni, S., & Sobrero, M. (2011). Complements or substitutes? The role of universities and local context in supporting the creation of academic spin-offs. Research Policy, 40, 1113\u20131127.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"1819_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-016-9779-9","volume":"48","author":"R Fini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fini, R., Fu, K., Mathisen, M. T., Rasmussen, E., & Wright, M. (2017). Institutional determinants of university spin-off quantity and quality: A longitudinal, multilevel, cross-country study. Small Business Economics, 48, 361\u2013391.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR30","first-page":"28","volume":"9","author":"E Fiore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiore, E., Sansone, G., & Paolucci, E. (2019). Entrepreneurship education in a multidisciplinary environment: Evidence from an entrepreneurship programme held in Turin. Administration Science, 9(1), 28.","journal-title":"Administration Science"},{"key":"1819_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.32.061604.123135","volume":"32","author":"JH Freeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freeman, J. H., & Audia, P. G. (2006). Community ecology and the sociology of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, 32, 145\u2013169.","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"1819_CR32","volume-title":"Creating university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems evidence from emerging world leaders","author":"R Graham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Graham, R. (2014). Creating university-based entrepreneurial ecosystems evidence from emerging world leaders. MIT Skoltech Initiative."},{"key":"1819_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.121144","volume":"173","author":"C Guindalini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guindalini, C., Verreyenne, M.-L., & Kastelle, T. (2021). Taking scientific inventions to market: Mapping the academic entrepreneurship ecosystem. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 173, 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting & Social Change"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR34","first-page":"77","volume":"23","author":"C Hallam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hallam, C., Novick, D., Gilbert, D., Frankwick, G., Wenker, O., & Zanella, G. (2017). Academic entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial ecosystem: The UT transform project. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 23(1), 77\u201390.","journal-title":"Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal"},{"key":"1819_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-016-9756-3","volume":"47","author":"C Hayter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hayter, C. (2016). A trajectory of early-stage spinoff success: The role of knowledge intermediaries within an entrepreneurial university ecosystem. Small Business Economics, 47, 633\u2013656.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"key":"1819_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-016-9470-y","volume":"42","author":"C Hayter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hayter, C., Lubynsky, R., & Maroulis, S. (2017). Who is the academic entrepreneur? The role of graduate students in the development of university spinoffs. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42, 1237\u20131254.","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"1819_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-018-9657-5","volume":"43","author":"C Hayter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayter, C., Nelson, A., Zayed, S., & O\u2019Connor, A. (2018). Conceptualizing academic entrepreneurship ecosystems: A review, analysis and extension of the literature. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, 1039\u20131082.","journal-title":"The Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"key":"1819_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.07.008","volume":"82","author":"M Heitor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Heitor, M., Horta, H., & Mendon\u00e7a, J. (2014). Developing human capital and research capacity: Science policies promoting brain gain. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 82, 6\u201322.","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"1819_CR39","first-page":"445","volume":"1","author":"C-K Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, C.-K., Neylon, C., Brookes-Kenworthy, C., Hosking, R., Montgomery, L., Wilson, K., & Ozaygen, A. (2020). Comparison of bibliographic data sources: Implications for the robustness of university rankings. Quantitative Science Studies, 1, 445\u2013478.","journal-title":"Quantitative Science Studies"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1819_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s13162-020-00168-7","volume":"10","author":"J Hulland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hulland, J. (2020). Conceptual review papers: Revisiting existing research to develop and refine theory. AMS Review, 10(1\u20132), 27\u201335.","journal-title":"AMS Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"1819_CR41","first-page":"40","volume":"88","author":"D Isenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isenberg, D. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 40\u201350.","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review"},{"key":"1819_CR42","unstructured":"Isenberg, D. (2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Institute of International European Affairs."},{"issue":"4","key":"1819_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/dtz034","volume":"28","author":"D Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson, D., Bock, A., & George, G. (2019). Entrepreneurial dynamism and the built environment in the evolution of university entrepreneurial ecosystems. Industrial and Corporate Change, 28(4), 941\u2013959.","journal-title":"Industrial and Corporate Change"},{"issue":"6","key":"1819_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1108\/JSBED-11-2019-0364","volume":"27","author":"J Kansheba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kansheba, J., & Wald, A. (2020). Entrepreneurial ecosystems: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27(6), 943\u2013964.","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.24136\/oc.2020.005","volume":"11","author":"U Kobylinska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kobylinska, U., & Lavios, J. (2020). Development of research on the university entrepreneurship ecosystem: Trends and areas of interest of researchers based on a systematic review of literature. Oeconomia Copernicana, 11(1), 117\u2013133.","journal-title":"Oeconomia Copernicana"},{"issue":"5","key":"1819_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6520.2005.00099.x","volume":"29","author":"D Kuratko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuratko, D. (2005). The emergence of entrepreneurship education: Development, trends, and challenges. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 577\u2013597.","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1819_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s12208-011-0067-8","volume":"8","author":"A Lanero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lanero, A., Burguete, J., Rodriguez, P., & Migu\u00e9lez, M. (2011). The Impact of entrepreneurship education in European universities: An Intention-based approach analyzed in the spanish area. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 8(2), 111\u2013130.","journal-title":"International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1819_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/08985626.2018.1537144","volume":"31","author":"E Liguori","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liguori, E., Bendickson, J., Solomon, S., & McDowell, W. (2019). Development of a multi-dimensional measure for assessing entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 31(1\u20132), 7\u201321.","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship & Regional Development"},{"key":"1819_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s11365-015-0356-5","volume":"11","author":"F Li\u00f1an","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li\u00f1an, F., & Fayolle, A. (2015). A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: Citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 11, 907\u2013933.","journal-title":"International Entrepreneurship Management Journal"},{"key":"1819_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respol.2005.05.006","volume":"34","author":"A Lockett","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lockett, A., & Wright, M. (2005). Resources, capabilities, risk capital and the creation of university spin-out companies. Research Policy, 34, 1043\u20131057.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEIM.2011.040821","volume":"14","author":"E Malecki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malecki, E. (2011). Connecting local entrepreneurial ecosystems to global innovation networks: Open innovation, double networks and knowledge integration. International of Journal Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 14(1), 36\u201359.","journal-title":"International of Journal Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management"},{"key":"1819_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/gec3.12359","volume":"12","author":"E Malecki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malecki, E. (2018). Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial ecosystems. Geography Compass, 12, 1\u201321.","journal-title":"Geography Compass"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/14778238.2020.1777909","volume":"19","author":"C Marques","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marques, C., Marques, A., Braga, V., & Ratten, V. (2021). Technological transfer and spillovers within the RIS3 entrepreneurial ecosystems: A quadruple helix approach. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 19(1), 127\u2013136.","journal-title":"Knowledge Management Research & Practice"},{"key":"1819_CR54","unstructured":"Mason, C., & Brown, R. (2014). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship. OECD LEED Programme. Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs."},{"issue":"2","key":"1819_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/0971355720930571","volume":"29","author":"MH Meyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meyer, M. H., Lee, C., Kelley, D., & Collier, G. (2020). An assessment and planning methodology for university-based: Entrepreneurship ecosystems. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 29(2), 259\u2013292.","journal-title":"The Journal of Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"1819_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-017-9868-4","volume":"49","author":"JD Miller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miller, J. D., & Acs, J. Z. (2017). The campus as entrepreneurial ecosystem: The university of chicago. Small Business Economic, 49, 75\u201395.","journal-title":"Small Business Economic"},{"key":"1819_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-627X.2004.00105.x","volume":"42","author":"H Neck","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neck, H., Meyer, G., Cohen, B., & Corbett, A. (2004). An entrepreneurial system view of new venture creation. Journal of Small Business Management, 42, 190\u2013208.","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"key":"1819_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/s10961-017-9628-2","volume":"43","author":"M Nicotra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nicotra, M., Romano, M., Giudice, M., & Scillaci, C. (2018). The causal relation between entrepreneurial ecosystem and productive entrepreneurship: A measurement framework. Journal of Technology Transfer, 43, 640\u2013673.","journal-title":"Journal of Technology Transfer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1819_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1108\/JEPP-03-2019-0025","volume":"8","author":"E O\u2019Brien","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien, E., Cooney, T. M., & Blenker, P. (2019). Expanding university entrepreneurial ecosystems to under-represented communities. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 8(3), 384\u2013407.","journal-title":"Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy"},{"issue":"12","key":"1819_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11120762","volume":"11","author":"M Pita","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pita, M., Costa, J., & Moreira, A. C. (2021). The effect of university missions on entrepreneurial initiative across multiple entrepreneurial ecosystems: Evidence from Europe. Education Sciences, 11(12), 762.","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1819_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-6520.2003.00035.x","volume":"28","author":"NE Peterman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Peterman, N. E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students\u2019 perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 28(2), 129\u2013144.","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship theory and practice"},{"key":"1819_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/publications9010012","volume":"9","author":"R Pranckut\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pranckut\u00e9, R. (2021). Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus: The titans of bibliographic information in today\u2019s academic world. Publications, 9, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/publications9010012","journal-title":"Publications"},{"key":"1819_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-022-00710-w","volume":"61","author":"D Prokop","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prokop, D., & Thompson, P. (2023). Defining networks in entrepreneurial ecosystems: The openness of ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 61, 517\u2013538.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1819_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1108\/13552550910995443","volume":"15","author":"M Pruett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pruett, M., Shinnar, R., Toney, B., Llopis, F., & Fox, J. (2009). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions of university students: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 15(6), 571\u2013594.","journal-title":"International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"1819_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/jsbm.12025","volume":"51","author":"JC Sanchez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sanchez, J. C. (2013). The impact of an entrepreneurship education program on entrepreneurial competencies and intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 447\u2013465.","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"1819_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s10843-021-00288-6","volume":"19","author":"G Sansone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sansone, G., Ughetto, E., & Landoni, P. (2021). Entrepreneurial intention: An analysis of the role of student-led entrepreneurial organizations. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 19(3), 399\u2013433.","journal-title":"Journal of International Entrepreneurship"},{"key":"1819_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, S., Costa, S., Neumeyer, X., & Caetano, A. (2016). Bridging entrepreneurial cognition research and entrepreneurship education: What and how. Annals of Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 83\u2013108.","DOI":"10.4337\/9781784719166.00011"},{"key":"1819_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/102831530000400102","volume":"4","author":"P Scott","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scott, P. (2000). Globalisation and higher education: challenges for the 21st century. Journal of Studies in International Education, 4, 3\u201310.","journal-title":"Journal of Studies in International Education"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"1819_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1080\/08985626.2016.1247915","volume":"28","author":"V Schaeffer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schaeffer, V., & Matt, M. (2016). Development of academic entrepreneurship in a non-mature context: The role of the university as a hub-organisation. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 28(9\u201310), 724\u2013745.","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship & Regional Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/14778238.2020.1785347","volume":"19","author":"G Secundo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Secundo, G., Mele, G., Del Vecchio, P., & Degennaro, G. (2021). Knowledge spillover creation in university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem: The role of the Italian \u201ccontamination labs.\u201d Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 19(1), 137\u2013151.","journal-title":"Knowledge Management Research & Practice"},{"key":"1819_CR71","unstructured":"Sherwood, A. (2018). Universities and the entrepreneurship ecosystem. In S. Globerman, & J. Clemens (Eds),\u00a0Demographics and entrepreneurship. Mitigating the effects of an aging population (239\u2013282). Fraser Institute."},{"key":"1819_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, L., & Paiva, T. (2023). Work risks in pandemic times. EDULEARN23 Proceedings, 526\u2013535.","DOI":"10.21125\/edulearn.2023.0229"},{"key":"1819_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002","volume":"22","author":"V Souitaris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? the effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22, 566\u2013591.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/etap.12167","volume":"41","author":"B Spigel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/etap.12167","journal-title":"Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"1819_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/sej.1268","volume":"12","author":"B Spigel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spigel, B., & Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sej.1268","journal-title":"Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal"},{"key":"1819_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spigel. (2018). Envisioning a new research agenda for entrepreneurial ecosystems: Top-down and bottom-up approaches. In J. A. Katz, & A. C. Corbett (Eds.), Reflections and extensions on key papers of the first twenty-five years of advances (advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth) (Vol. 20, pp. 127\u2013147), Emerald Publishing Limited. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/S1074-754020180000020004","DOI":"10.1108\/S1074-754020180000020004"},{"issue":"9","key":"1819_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2015.1061484","volume":"23","author":"E Stam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: A sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759\u20131769.","journal-title":"European Planning Studies"},{"key":"1819_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stam, E., & Spigel, B. (2017). Entrepreneurial ecosystems. In R. Blackburn, D. De Clercq, J. Heinonen (Eds.), The Handbook for entrepreneurship and small business and entrepreneurship. SAGE.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473984080.n21"},{"key":"1819_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551507087238","volume":"34","author":"M Thelwall","year":"2008","unstructured":"Thelwall, M. (2008). Bibliometrics to webometrics. Journal of Information Science, 34, 605\u2013621.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"1819_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11187-017-9924-0","volume":"51","author":"C Theodoraki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Theodoraki, C., Messeghem, K., & Rice, M. (2018). A social capital approach to the development of sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems: An explorative study. Small Business Economics, 51, 153\u2013170.","journal-title":"Small Business Economics"},{"key":"1819_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0883-9026(93)90028-4","volume":"8","author":"AH Van de Ven","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van de Ven, A. H. (1993). The development of an infrastructure for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 211\u2013230.","journal-title":"Journal of Business Venturing"},{"issue":"3","key":"1819_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/jsbm.12043","volume":"51","author":"J Vanevenhoven","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vanevenhoven, J. (2013). Advances and challenges in entrepreneurship education. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 466\u2013470.","journal-title":"Journal of Small Business Management"},{"key":"1819_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-7333(03)00107-0","volume":"33","author":"A Vohora","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vohora, A., Wright, M., & Lockett, A. (2004). Critical junctures in the development of university high-tech spinout companies. Research Policy, 33, 147\u2013175.","journal-title":"Research Policy"},{"key":"1819_CR84","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, S., & Mu, C. (2021). A preliminary exploration of factors affecting a university entrepreneurship ecosystem. Frontiers in Psycology, 12, 1\u201312.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psycology"},{"key":"1819_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, G. & Uyarra, E. (2018). Process mechanisms for academic entrepreneurial ecosystems: Insights from a case study in China. Science, Technology & Society, 23(1), 85\u2013106. RSL.","DOI":"10.1177\/0971721817744446"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Knowledge Economy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13132-024-01819-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13132-024-01819-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13132-024-01819-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T19:46:01Z","timestamp":1739994361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13132-024-01819-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13132-024-01819-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-7873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-7873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}