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By assessing the relative performance of 215 public SHS across five regions (Greater Accra Region, Ashanti Region, Central Region, Upper West Region, and Upper East Region), the study contributes to the broader discourse on knowledge-based economies by demonstrating how data-driven insights can optimize resource allocation and improve human capital development. The schools are classified into groups A, B, and C based on students\u2019 entrance examination scores, and a hierarchical categorization DEA procedure is applied to assess them across three dimensions: resource efficiency, resource effectiveness, and effectiveness. This study highlights the crucial role of knowledge creation, diffusion, and application in education management by fostering deep engagement with decision-makers, ensuring the acceptance of DEA results, and promoting continuous improvement in institutional performance. The findings reveal significant disparities in school efficiency and effectiveness, underscoring the need for structured knowledge-sharing mechanisms. To support sustained performance improvement and better resource utilization, we propose the establishment of an educational performance observatory. This initiative would function as a platform for knowledge diffusion, enabling underperforming schools to benchmark against high-performing institutions, thus reinforcing the foundational role of knowledge exchange in strengthening educational systems and, by extension, the knowledge economy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13132-025-02747-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T11:33:14Z","timestamp":1747740794000},"page":"3522-3554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the Use of Data Envelopment Analysis for Formative Evaluation of Senior High Schools in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Aikins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9811-3799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio Pereira","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Alexandra Filipe","family":"Amado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2747_CR1","first-page":"61","volume":"24","author":"MK Abreh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abreh, M. 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