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The aims of this study were to investigate which environmental factors influence the spatial and temporal structuring of AMF communities associated to<jats:italic>Picconia azorica<\/jats:italic>in two Azorean islands (Terceira and S\u00e3o Miguel islands), and investigate the seasonal variation in AMF communities between the two islands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Communities of AMF associated with<jats:italic>P. azorica<\/jats:italic>in native forest of two Azorean islands (Terceira and S\u00e3o Miguel) were characterised by spore morphology or molecular analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-five AMF spore morphotypes were detected from the four fragments of<jats:italic>P. azorica<\/jats:italic>forest representing nine families of AMF.<jats:italic>Acaulosporaceae<\/jats:italic>(14) and<jats:italic>Glomeraceae<\/jats:italic>(9) were the most abundant families. AMF density and root colonisation varied significantly between islands and sampling sites. Root colonisation and spore density exhibited temporal patterns, which peaked in spring and were higher in Terceira than in S\u00e3o Miguel. The relative contribution of environmental factors showed that factors such as elevation, relative air humidity, soil pH, and soil available P, K, and Mg influenced AMF spore production and root colonisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different sporulation patterns exhibited by the members of the commonest families suggested different life strategies. Adaptation to a particular climatic and soil condition and host phenology may explain seasonal differences in sporulation patterns. Cohorts of AMF associated to<jats:italic>P. azorica<\/jats:italic>are shaped by regional processes including environmental filters such as soil properties and natural disturbance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13213-019-01535-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T02:02:35Z","timestamp":1575424955000},"page":"1309-1327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Environmental factors driving arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with endemic woody plant Picconiaazorica on native forest of Azores"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0691-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina Drumonde","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo A.V.","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Duarte","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Henrique M. 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