{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:30:00Z","timestamp":1768570200666,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Tsinghua University Press","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569801600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photonic Sens"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The proposed technique demonstrates a fiber ring resonator interrogated by an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), for intensity sensing. By using this methodology, a cavity round trip time of 2.85 \u03bcs was obtained. For a proof of concept, a long-period grating was inserted in the resonant cavity operating as a curvature sensing device. A novel signal processing approach was outlined, regarding to the logarithmic behavior of the OTDR. Through analyzing the experimental results, an increase in the measured sensitivities was obtained by increasing applied bending. With curvatures performed from 1.8 m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 4.5 m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the sensitivity values ranged from 2.94 dB\u00b7km\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 5.15 dB\u00b7km\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    . In its turn, the sensitivities obtained presented a linear behavior when studied as a function of the applied curvature, following a slope of 0.86\u00d710\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                    dB. The advantages of applying this technique were also discussed, demonstrating two similar fiber rings multiplexed in a series of configurations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13320-019-0398-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]],"date-time":"2019-09-30T20:50:18Z","timestamp":1569876618000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Curvature Sensor Based on a Long-Period Grating in a Fiber Ring Resonator Interrogated by an OTDR"],"prefix":"10.26599","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Fraz\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"11138","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1109\/68.122361","volume":"4","author":"H Izumita","year":"1992","unstructured":"H. Izumita, S. I. Furukawa, Y. Koyamada, and I. Sankawa, \u201cFading noise reduction in coherent OTDR,\u201d IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1992, 4(2): 201\u2013203.","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters"},{"issue":"7","key":"398_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1109\/50.144923","volume":"10","author":"K Shimizu","year":"1992","unstructured":"K. Shimizu, T. Horiguchi, and Y. Koyamada, \u201cCharacteristics and reduction of coherent fading noise in Rayleigh backscattering measurement for optical fibers and components,\u201d Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1992, 10(7): 982\u2013987.","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"398_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.22.000090","volume":"22","author":"A K\u00fcng","year":"1997","unstructured":"A. K\u00fcng, J. Budin, L. Th\u00e9venaz, and P. A. Robert, \u201cOptical fiber ring resonator characterization by optical time-domain reflectometry,\u201d Optics Letters, 1997, 22(2): 90\u201392.","journal-title":"Optics Letters"},{"issue":"7","key":"398_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1109\/68.593370","volume":"9","author":"A K\u00fcng","year":"1997","unstructured":"A. K\u00fcng, J. Budin, L. Th\u00e9venaz, and P. A. Robert, \u201cRayleigh fiber optics gyroscope,\u201d IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1997, 9(7): 973.","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"398_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2006.11.028","volume":"136","author":"L B Yuan","year":"2007","unstructured":"L. B. Yuan, Z. H. Liu, and J. Yang, \u201cRayleigh backscattering fiber optic rotation sensor based on combined two-ring-resonator,\u201d Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2007, 136(1): 216\u2013220.","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators A: Physical"},{"issue":"12","key":"398_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2014.2360500","volume":"33","author":"M Giraldi","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Giraldi, C. Fernandes, M. Ferreira, M. J. de Sousa, P. Jorge, J. Costa, et al., \u201cFiber loop mirror sensors interrogated and multiplexed by OTDR\u201d, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2015, 33(12): 2580\u20132584.","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"},{"issue":"11","key":"398_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110502","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2123267","volume":"44","author":"O Fraz\u00e3o","year":"2005","unstructured":"O. Fraz\u00e3o, R. Falate, J. M. Baptista, J. L. Fabris, and J. L. Santos, \u201cOptical bend sensor based on a long-period fiber grating monitored by an optical time-domain reflectometer,\u201d Optical Engineering, 2005, 44(11): 110502\u2013110502.","journal-title":"Optical Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"398_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.29086","volume":"57","author":"M Giraldi","year":"2015","unstructured":"M. Giraldi, C. Fernandes, M. S. Ferreira, M. J. de Sousa, P. Jorge, J. C. Costa, et al., \u201cFiber optic displacement sensor based on a double-reflecting OTDR technique,\u201d Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2015, 57(6): 1312\u20131315.","journal-title":"Microwave and Optical Technology Letters"},{"key":"398_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. D. Kersey, M. A. Davis, and T. Tsai, \u201cFiber optic Bragg grating strain sensor with direct reflectometric interrogation,\u201d in Proceeding of Eleventh International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Sapporo, Japan, 1996, pp: Th45.","DOI":"10.1364\/OFS.1996.Th45"},{"issue":"23","key":"398_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2012.2222865","volume":"30","author":"S Silva","year":"2012","unstructured":"S. Silva, E. G. P. Pachon, M. A. R. Franco, P. Jorge, J. L. Santos, F. X. Malcata, et al., \u201cCurvature and temperature discrimination using multimode interference fiber optic structures-a proof of concept,\u201d Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2012, 30(23): 3569\u20133575.","journal-title":"Journal of Lightwave Technology"}],"container-title":["Photonic Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13320-019-0398-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13320-019-0398-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13320-019-0398-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T21:03:45Z","timestamp":1768511025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13320-019-0398-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13320-019-0398-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1674-9251","2190-7439"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1674-9251","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-7439","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}