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To map the optimal groups of technologies in the framework of Spain\u2019s biorefineries, we apply a methodology based on a network optimization approach that combines minimum cost and energy criteria together with feedstock availability and demand constraints. The feedstocks analyzed are pine and eucalyptus residues and olive tree pruning wastes, being three largely available agroforesty residues in Spain. The results show that building blocks show good economic and energy performance compared to advanced transportation biofuels, and although their demand is much lower, they should be considered to improve the profitability of biorefineries. Secondly, advanced gasoline, bioethanol, hydrogen, and building blocks demands can be satisfied with pine, eucalyptus, and olive residues available in Spain. Finally, lactic acid production is profitable, but the remaining routes do not reach the break-even point, suggesting that further research is still needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-021-02247-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T04:50:58Z","timestamp":1641963058000},"page":"435-450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Optimization-based analysis of integrated lignocellulosic biorefineries in Spain focusing on building blocks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Rodriguez-Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ismael","family":"D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Miquel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emilio J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0929-5477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2247_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.06.125","volume":"101","author":"M FitzPatrick","year":"2010","unstructured":"FitzPatrick M, Champagne P, Cunningham MF, Whitney RA (2010) A biorefinery processing perspective: treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products. 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