{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T04:53:14Z","timestamp":1773291194987,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Duke University Press","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,3]],"date-time":"2012-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Estimates of worldwide mortality from the influenza pandemic of 1918\u20131919 vary widely, from 15 million to 100 million. In terms of loss of life, India was the focal point of this profound demographic event. In this article, we calculate mortality from the influenza pandemic in India using panel data models and data from the Census of India. The new estimates suggest that for the districts included in the sample, mortality was at most 13.88 million, compared with 17.21 million when calculated using the assumptions of Davis (1951). We conclude that Davis\u2019 influential estimate of mortality from influenza in British India is overstated by at least 24%. Future analyses of the effects of the pandemic on demographic change in India and worldwide will need to account for this significant downward revision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-012-0116-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,3]],"date-time":"2012-06-03T11:36:43Z","timestamp":1338723403000},"page":"857-865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Mortality From the Influenza Pandemic of 1918\u20131919: The Case of India"],"prefix":"10.1215","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Chandra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asian Studies Center, 301 International Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Kuljanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"73","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2003.0049","article-title":"Compromised constitutions: The Iranian experience with the 1918 influenza pandemic","volume":"77","author":"Afkhami","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1086\/507154","article-title":"Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? Long\u2013term effects of in utero influenza exposure in the post\u20131940 U.S. population","volume":"114","author":"Almond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR3"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR4","volume-title":"The population of India and Pakistan","author":"Davis","year":"1951"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR5","volume-title":"Annual report of the Sanitary Commissioner with the Government of India for 1918","year":"1920"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR6"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2002.0022","article-title":"Updating the accounts: Global mortality of the 1918\u20131920 \u201cSpanish\u201d influenza pandemic","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR8","volume-title":"Epidemic influenza: A survey","author":"Jordan","year":"1927"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2307\/2052814","article-title":"Death in India, 1871\u20131921","volume":"32","author":"Klein","year":"1973","journal-title":"The Journal of Asian Studies"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0026749X0000545X","article-title":"Population and agriculture in northern India, 1872\u20131921","volume":"8","author":"Klein","year":"1974","journal-title":"Modern Asian Studies"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1017\/S0026749X00015729","article-title":"Plague, policy and popular unrest in British India","volume":"22","author":"Klein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Modern Asian Studies"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/001946469002700102","article-title":"Population growth and mortality in British India Part II: The demographic revolution","volume":"27","author":"Klein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian Economic and Social History Review"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR13"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174409990031","article-title":"Lingering prenatal effects of the 1918 influenza pandemic on cardiovascular disease","volume":"1","author":"Mazumder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/001946468602300102","article-title":"The 1918\u20131919 influenza pandemic\u2014The Indian experience","volume":"23","author":"Mills","year":"1986","journal-title":"Indian Economic and Social History Review"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp0904819","article-title":"The persistent legacy of the 1918 influenza virus","volume":"361","author":"Morens","year":"2009","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR17","first-page":"4","article-title":"The geography and mortality of the 1918 influenza pandemic","volume":"65","author":"Patterson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin of the History of Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR18"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR19"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.05-0979","article-title":"1918 influenza: The mother of all pandemics","volume":"12","author":"Taubenberger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR21","volume-title":"A history of medicine in South Carolina 1900\u20131970","author":"Waring","year":"1971"},{"key":"2021031200252867400_CR22"}],"container-title":["Demography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13524-012-0116-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13524-012-0116-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/49\/3\/857\/881762\/857chandra.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/49\/3\/857\/881762\/857chandra.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:29:07Z","timestamp":1615508947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article\/49\/3\/857\/169645\/Mortality-From-the-Influenza-Pandemic-of-1918-1919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13524-012-0116-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-7790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,3]]}}}