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The food environment becomes more \u2018permissive\u2019 as children age; therefore, genetic predisposition for a more avid appetite can be better expressed, influencing dietary quality, energy intake and weight gain. Our aim was to explore the genetic and environmental contribution of variations on appetitive traits in a sample of 10-year-old Portuguese children.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participants were twins enrolled in the Generation XXI birth cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200986 pairs). Parents reported twin\u2019s zygosity and child appetitive traits at 10\u00a0years of age through the Children\u2019s Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Intra-class correlations (ICCs)\u00a0for all appetitive traits were calculated for monozygotic and dizygotic twins separately to examine patterns of resemblance, and structural equation modeling was conducted aiming to estimate the genetic (<jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>), shared (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>) and non-shared (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>) environmental variances.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Moderate to strong heritability were found for child appetitive traits, with higher ICCs among monozygotic twin pairs. For all appetitive traits, with the exception of emotional undereating, genetic and non-shared environmental effects contributed to appetite variability. For emotional undereating, environmental effects seem to be more important than genetic effects (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>: 0.81; 95% CI 0.71; 0.88 and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>: 0.19; 95% CI 0.12; 0.29).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was a significant genetic contribution, followed by non-shared environmental contribution, towards variation in appetitive traits in school-age children. Variation in emotional undereating was primarily explained by shared and non-shared environmental factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case\u2013control analytic studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-021-01322-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]],"date-time":"2021-11-06T09:02:22Z","timestamp":1636189342000},"page":"1799-1807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Genetic and environmental contributions to variations on appetitive traits at 10\u00a0years of age: a twin study within the Generation XXI birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6678-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Warkentin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5787-4871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milton","family":"Severo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5452-2512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Fildes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6714-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1322_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-018-0254-x","volume":"7","author":"AC Wood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wood AC (2018) Gene-environment interplay in child eating behaviors: what the role of \u201cnature\u201d means for the effects of \u201cnurture.\u201d Curr Nutr Rep 7:294\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13668-018-0254-x","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"1322_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.1508","volume":"172","author":"S Schrempft","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schrempft S, Van Jaarsveld CHM, Fisher A et al (2018) Variation in the heritability of child body mass index by obesogenic home environment. 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