{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T11:46:34Z","timestamp":1772797594661,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007689","name":"Universidade de Aveiro","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007689","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inf Technol Tourism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Machine translation (MT), i.e., automatic translation, is a growing field in artificial intelligence with huge impacts on societies and businesses. Despite its importance for traveling and tourism communication, it has not been approached within tourism research. This study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by analyzing how attitudes toward machine translation are related to tourists\u2019 profiles, travel behaviors, and language mindsets. It comprises two parts. The first one concerns a sample of 2535 individuals, while the second concerns a sub-sample of 907 language tourists (LTs). Specific research goals are set for each study: (1) to compare individuals with opposing viewpoints on the importance of MT in terms of profiles and attitudes toward languages; and (2) to understand how LTs\u2019 profiles and travel experiences differed according to their agreement with the importance of MT in their most significant language trip. Statistical exploratory and inferential analyses have been conducted. We conclude that those with more positive views of MT tend to be younger and less educated, report poorer language skills, and attribute greater importance to the role of English as a lingua franca. Concerning LTs, those who rate MT as less important are more likely to have acquired language skills formally, engage more in cultural activities, and have closer contact with locals during their language trips. Acknowledging the role of MT in their most significant language trip is neither associated with a more unfavorable attitude towards the role of language in tourism nor with perceived diminished travel outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-023-00253-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T10:02:05Z","timestamp":1686564125000},"page":"175-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Attitudes towards machine translation and languages among travelers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1372-1299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ramires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2010.01058.x","volume":"43","author":"HW Allen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allen HW (2010) Language-learning motivation during short-term study abroad: an activity theory perspective. Foreign Lang Ann 43(1):27\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2010.01058.x","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5430\/wjel.v12n1p185","volume":"12","author":"Z Almahasees","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almahasees Z, Mahmoud S (2022) Evaluation of google image translate in rendering arabic signage into English. World J Engl Lang 12(1):185\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5430\/wjel.v12n1p185","journal-title":"World J Engl Lang"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.22492\/ije.9.4.06","volume":"9","author":"M Ata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ata M, Debreli E (2021) Machine translation in the language classroom: Turkish EFL learners\u2019 and instructors\u2019 perceptions and use. IAFOR J Educ 9(4):103\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22492\/ije.9.4.06","journal-title":"IAFOR J Educ"},{"key":"253_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Athanasiou V, Maragoudakis M (2016, September) Dealing with high dimensional sentiment data using gradient boosting machines. In: IFIP international conference on artificial intelligence applications and innovations, pp 481\u2013489. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-44944-9_42","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44944-9_42"},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/flan.12093","volume":"47","author":"W Baker-Smemoe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baker-Smemoe W, Dewey DP, Bown J, Martinsen RA (2014) Variables affecting L2 gains during study abroad. Foreign Lang Ann 47(3):464\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/flan.12093","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/psp.316","volume":"10","author":"V Bal\u00e1\u017e","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bal\u00e1\u017e V, Williams AM (2004) \u201cBeen there, done that\u201d: International student migration and human capital transfers from the UK to Slovakia. Popul Space Place 10(3):217\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/psp.316","journal-title":"Popul Space Place"},{"key":"253_CR7","unstructured":"Belyavina R (2013) US students in China: Meeting the goals of the 100,000 strong initiative. In: Institute of International Education. https:\/\/www.iie.org\/Research-and-Insights\/Publications\/US-Students-in-China"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1108\/TR-06-2019-0258","volume":"75","author":"D Buhalis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buhalis D (2020) Technology in tourism-from information communication technologies to eTourism and smart tourism towards ambient intelligence tourism: a perspective article. Tour Rev 75(1):267\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/TR-06-2019-0258","journal-title":"Tour Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tourman.2008.01.005","volume":"29","author":"D Buhalis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buhalis D, Law R (2008) Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet\u2014the state of eTourism research. Tour Manage 29(4):609\u2013623","journal-title":"Tour Manage"},{"key":"253_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2812","DOI":"10.54055\/ejtr.v28i.1976","volume":"28","author":"I Carvalho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carvalho I (2021a) \u201cIt\u2019s nice when they speak back to you in Chinese!\u201d Frustration, perseverance, and linguistic accommodation in language travel. Eur J Tour Res 28:2812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54055\/ejtr.v28i.1976","journal-title":"Eur J Tour Res"},{"key":"253_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02508281.2021.1894044","volume":"2021","author":"I Carvalho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carvalho I (2021b) \u201cYou can see both sides of the coin\u201d. How the pursuit of language skills influences the travel experience. Tour Recreat Res 2021:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02508281.2021.1894044","journal-title":"Tour Recreat Res"},{"key":"253_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/TR-02-2023-0088","author":"I Carvalho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carvalho I, Ivanov S (2023) ChatGPT for tourism: applications, benefits and risks. Tour Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/TR-02-2023-0088","journal-title":"Tour Rev"},{"key":"253_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15256480.2021.1953424","volume":"2021","author":"I Carvalho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carvalho I, Sheppard V (2021a) A language learning journey: what\u2019s left? and where next? Int J Hospital Tour Administr 2021:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15256480.2021.1953424","journal-title":"Int J Hospital Tour Administr"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/14673584211013866","volume":"22","author":"I Carvalho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carvalho I, Sheppard V (2021b) Memorable experiences in language travel. Tour Hosp Res 22(2):149\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14673584211013866","journal-title":"Tour Hosp Res"},{"key":"253_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3218","DOI":"10.54055\/ejtr.v32i.2622","volume":"32","author":"I Carvalho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carvalho I, Ramires A, Gama J (2022) \u201cSeeing a country with your own eyes\u201d: the impact of immersion experiences in language travel. Eur J Tour Res 32:3218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54055\/ejtr.v32i.2622","journal-title":"Eur J Tour Res"},{"key":"253_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5565\/rev\/tradumatica.203","volume":"15","author":"F Casacuberta-Nolla","year":"2017","unstructured":"Casacuberta-Nolla F, Peris-Abril A (2017) Traducci\u00f3n autom\u00e1tica neuronal. Rev Tradum Tecnol Traducci\u00f3 15:66\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5565\/rev\/tradumatica.203","journal-title":"Rev Tradum Tecnol Traducci\u00f3"},{"key":"253_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castillo-Arredondo MI, Rodr\u00edguez Zapatero MI, P\u00e9rez Naranjo LM, L\u00f3pez-Guzm\u00e1n T (2018) Motivations of educational tourists in non-English-speaking countries: the role of languages. J Travel Tourism Mark 35(4):437\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10548408.2017.1358238","DOI":"10.1080\/10548408.2017.1358238"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR17","first-page":"79","volume":"7","author":"I Cenni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cenni I (2019) Multilingualism 2.0: language policies and the use of online translation tools on global platforms. Argentin J Appl Linguist 7(1):79\u201392","journal-title":"Argentin J Appl Linguist"},{"key":"253_CR18","first-page":"365","volume-title":"The handbook of practice and research in study abroad","author":"L Chieffo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chieffo L, Griffiths L (2009) Here to stay: increasing acceptance of short-term study abroad programs. In: Lewin R (ed) The handbook of practice and research in study abroad. Routledge, New York, pp 365\u2013380"},{"key":"253_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chung ES, Ahn S (2022) The effect of using machine translation on linguistic features in L2 writing across proficiency levels and text genres. Comput Assist Lang Learn 35(9):2239\u20132264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2020.1871029","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2020.1871029"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1075\/sar.1.2.02cig","volume":"1","author":"KA Cigliana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cigliana KA, Serrano R (2016) Individual differences in US study abroad students in Barcelona: a look into their attitudes, motivations and L2 contact. Study Abroad Res Second Lang Acquisit Int Educ 1(2):154\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/sar.1.2.02cig","journal-title":"Study Abroad Res Second Lang Acquisit Int Educ"},{"key":"253_CR20","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale","edition":"2"},{"key":"253_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1075\/lllt.37.02col","volume-title":"Social and cultural aspects of language learning in study abroad","author":"JA Coleman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coleman JA (2013) Researching whole people and whole lives. In: Kinginger C (ed) Social and cultural aspects of language learning in study abroad. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp 17\u201344"},{"key":"253_CR22","unstructured":"Coste D, Cavalli M (2015) Education, mobility, otherness: The mediation functions of schools. Council of Europe, n.p."},{"issue":"12","key":"253_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.3390\/s20123503","volume":"20","author":"A Crivellari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crivellari A, Beinat E (2020) Trace2trace\u2014a feasibility study on neural machine translation applied to human motion trajectories. Sensors 20(12):3503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20123503","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1017\/S0261444818000253","volume":"51","author":"SA Crossley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crossley SA (2018) Technological disruption in foreign language teaching: the rise of simultaneous machine translation. Lang Teach 51(4):541\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0261444818000253","journal-title":"Lang Teach"},{"key":"253_CR25","first-page":"50","volume":"1","author":"S Culhane","year":"2004","unstructured":"Culhane S (2004) An intercultural interaction model: acculturation attitudes in second language acquisition. Electron J Foreign Lang Teach 1:50\u201361","journal-title":"Electron J Foreign Lang Teach"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2010.01057.x","volume":"43","author":"D Davidson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davidson D (2010) Study abroad: when, how long, and with what results? New data from the Russian front. Foreign Lang Ann 43(1):6\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2010.01057.x","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"issue":"13","key":"253_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7598","DOI":"10.3390\/su14137598","volume":"14","author":"X Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng X, Yu Z (2022) A systematic review of machine-translation-assisted language learning for sustainable education. Sustainability 14(13):7598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14137598","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"253_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2013.02.004","volume":"41","author":"DP Dewey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dewey DP, Ring S, Gardner D, Belnap RK (2013) Social network formation and development during study abroad in the Middle East. Syst Int J Educ Technol Appl Linguist 41:269\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.system.2013.02.004","journal-title":"Syst Int J Educ Technol Appl Linguist"},{"key":"253_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.36366\/frontiers.v21i1.306","volume":"21","author":"W Diao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diao W, Freed B, Smith L (2011) Confirmed beliefs or false assumptions? A study of homestay experiences in the French study abroad context. Front Interdiscipl J Study Abroad 21:109\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36366\/frontiers.v21i1.306","journal-title":"Front Interdiscipl J Study Abroad"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.2478\/ejthr-2021-0011","volume":"11","author":"S Dias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dias S, Afonso V (2021) Impact of mobile applications in changing the tourist experience. Eur J Tour Hospital Recreat 11(1):113\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/ejthr-2021-0011","journal-title":"Eur J Tour Hospital Recreat"},{"key":"253_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-019-00154-1","volume":"21","author":"RPQ Falcao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Falcao RPQ, FerreiraJB CM, da Costa FM (2019) The influence of ubiquitous connectivity, trust, personality and generational effects on mobile tourism purchases. Inf Technol Tour 21:483\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40558-019-00154-1","journal-title":"Inf Technol Tour"},{"key":"253_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.36366\/frontiers.v4i1.62","volume":"4","author":"BF Freed","year":"1998","unstructured":"Freed BF (1998) An overview of issues and research in language learning in a study abroad setting. Front Interdiscipl J Study Abroad 4:31\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36366\/frontiers.v4i1.62","journal-title":"Front Interdiscipl J Study Abroad"},{"key":"253_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7764\/onomazein.ne7.04","author":"A Fuentes-Luque","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fuentes-Luque A, Santamar\u00eda-Urbieta S (2020) Machine translation systems and guidebooks: an approach to the importance of the role of the human translator. Onom\u00e1zein. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7764\/onomazein.ne7.04","journal-title":"Onom\u00e1zein"},{"key":"253_CR34","first-page":"43","volume":"9","author":"T Gally","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gally T (2018) Machine translation and english education in Japan. Komaba J Engl Educ 9:43\u201355","journal-title":"Komaba J Engl Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR35","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"T Gally","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gally T (2019) The implications of machine translation for english education in Japan. Lang Teacher Educ 6(2):1\u201314","journal-title":"Lang Teacher Educ"},{"key":"253_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garcia I,  Pena MI (2011) Machine translation-assisted language learning: writing for beginners. Comput Assist Lang Learn 24(5):471\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2011.582687","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2011.582687"},{"key":"253_CR36","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Post-global network and everyday life","author":"U Gretzel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gretzel U (2010) Travel in the network: redirected gazes, ubiquitous connections and new frontiers. In: Levina M, Kien G (eds) Post-global network and everyday life. Peter Lang, New York, pp 41\u201358"},{"key":"253_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esp.2014.09.001","volume":"37","author":"M Groves","year":"2015","unstructured":"Groves M, Mundt K (2015) Friend or foe? Google Translate in language for academic purposes. Engl Specif Purposes 37:112\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.esp.2014.09.001","journal-title":"Engl Specif Purposes"},{"key":"253_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19368623.2023.2211993","author":"D Gursoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gursoy D, Li Y, Song H (2023) ChatGPT and the hospitality and tourism industry: an overview of current trends and future research directions. J Hosp Market Manag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19368623.2023.2211993","journal-title":"J Hosp Market Manag"},{"key":"253_CR39","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"JF Hair","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE (2019) Multivariate data analysis, 8th edn. Cengage, Boston","edition":"8"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR40","first-page":"39","volume":"26","author":"TA Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez TA (2016) Short-term study abroad: perspectives on speaking gains and language contact. Appl Lang Learn 26(1):39\u201364","journal-title":"Appl Lang Learn"},{"key":"253_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-042580-1.50066-0","volume-title":"Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists","author":"WJ Hutchins","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hutchins WJ (1995) Machine translation: a brief history. In: Koerner EF, Asher RE (eds) Concise history of the language sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 431\u2013445"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.1099","volume":"9","author":"K Hwang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hwang K, Williams S, Zucchi E, Chong TWH, Mascitti-Meuter M, LoGiudice D, Goh AMY, Panayiotou A, Batchelor F (2022) Testing the use of translation apps to overcome everyday healthcare communication in Australian aged-care hospital wards\u2014an exploratory study. Nurs Open 9(1):578\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nop2.1099","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR43","first-page":"25","volume":"2","author":"M Iglesias","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iglesias M (2016) The language tourism market system: conceptualising language tourism. Int J Sci Manage Tour 2(1):25\u201340","journal-title":"Int J Sci Manage Tour"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.33776\/et.v7i2.3153","volume":"7","author":"M Iglesias","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iglesias M (2017) The role of travel-related aspects in the language tourism experience. Enlighten Tour Pathmak J 7(2):125\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33776\/et.v7i2.3153","journal-title":"Enlighten Tour Pathmak J"},{"key":"253_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119472384.ch17","volume-title":"The handbook of informal language learning","author":"M Iglesias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iglesias M (2020) Language tourism and second language acquisition in informal learning contexts. In: Dressman M, Sadler RW (eds) The handbook of informal language learning. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, pp 257\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119472384.ch17"},{"key":"253_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57288-4_6","volume-title":"Academic tourism","author":"M Iglesias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iglesias M (2021) Language tourism in higher education: an overview. In: Cerdeira-Bento JP, Mart\u00ednez-Roget F, Pereira ET, Rodr\u00edguez XA (eds) Academic tourism. Springer, Berlin, pp 85\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-57288-4_6"},{"key":"253_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781800377486.language.tourism","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of tourism management and marketing","author":"M Iglesias","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iglesias M (2022) Language tourism. In: Buhalis D (ed) Encyclopedia of tourism management and marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing, London. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4337\/9781800377486.language.tourism"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.26465\/ojtmr.2018339519","volume":"4","author":"M Iglesias","year":"2019","unstructured":"Iglesias M, Aliaga B, Corno V, Luengo C, Puigner\u00f3 J (2019) The Sociocultural impacts of language tourism in Barcelona. Ottoman J Tour Manage Res 4(1):348\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26465\/ojtmr.2018339519","journal-title":"Ottoman J Tour Manage Res"},{"key":"253_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.21832\/9781853598531-010","volume-title":"Language learners in study abroad contexts","author":"M Iino","year":"2006","unstructured":"Iino M (2006) Norms of interaction in a Japanese homestay setting: toward a two-way flow of linguistic and cultural resources. In: DuFon M, Churchill E (eds) Language learners in study abroad contexts. Multilingual Matters, Bristol, pp 151\u2013176"},{"key":"253_CR50","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Language learners in study abroad contexts","author":"C Isabelli-Garc\u00eda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Isabelli-Garc\u00eda C (2006) Study abroad social networks, motivation and attitudes: implications for second language acquisition. In: DuFon M, Churchill E (eds) Language learners in study abroad contexts. Multilingual Matters, Bristol, pp 151\u2013176"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1111\/modl.12677","volume":"104","author":"BI Issa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Issa BI, Stutenberg MF, Bowden HW (2020) Grammatical and lexical development during short-term study abroad: exploring L2 contact and initial proficiency. Mod Lang J 104(4):860\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/modl.12677","journal-title":"Mod Lang J"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1468797607079799","volume":"7","author":"A Jansson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jansson A (2007) A sense of tourism: new media and the dialectic of encapsulation\/decapsulation. Tour Stud 7(1):5\u201324","journal-title":"Tour Stud"},{"key":"253_CR53","first-page":"117134","volume":"4","author":"M Juan-Garau","year":"2007","unstructured":"Juan-Garau M, P\u00e9rez-Vidal C (2007) The effect of context and contact on oral performance in students who go on a stay abroad. Vigo Int J Appl Linguist 4:117134","journal-title":"Vigo Int J Appl Linguist"},{"key":"253_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalita I (2016) Notes on the Life of Words \u201cHairy (shaggy)\u201d Dumplings [O \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 c\u043bo\u0432.\u00abBo\u043boca\u0442\u044b\u0439 (\u043box\u043ca\u0442\u044b\u0439)\u00bb \u043a\u043de\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043a]. XLinguae 9(3):2\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18355\/XL.2016.09.03.2-24","DOI":"10.18355\/XL.2016.09.03.2-24"},{"key":"253_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kennett B (2002) Language learners as cultural tourists. Ann Tourism Res 29(2):557\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0160-7383(01)00042-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-7383(01)00042-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4781.2008.00821.x","volume":"92","author":"C Kinginger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kinginger C (2008) Language learning in study abroad: case studies of Americans in France. Modern Lang J 92(1):1\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-4781.2008.00821.x","journal-title":"Modern Lang J"},{"key":"253_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11194-2","volume":"2022","author":"B Klimova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Klimova B, Pikhart M, Benites AD, Lehr C, Sanchez-Stockhammer C (2022) Neural machine translation in foreign language teaching and learning: a systematic review. Educ Inf Technol 2022:1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11194-2","journal-title":"Educ Inf Technol"},{"key":"253_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee S-M (2020) The impact of using machine translation on EFL students\u2019 writing. Comput Assist Lang Learn 33(3):157\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09588221.2018.1553186","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2018.1553186"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR57","first-page":"74","volume":"2","author":"GS Levine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levine GS (2014) From performance to multilingual being in foreign language pedagogy: lessons from L2 students abroad. Crit Multilingual Stud 2(1):74\u2013105","journal-title":"Crit Multilingual Stud"},{"key":"253_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liebling DJ, Lahav M, Evans A, Donsbach A, Holbrook J, Smus B, Boran L (2020) Unmet needs and opportunities for mobile translation AI. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376261","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376261"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2011.627965","volume":"94","author":"M Linting","year":"2012","unstructured":"Linting M, van der Kooij A (2012) Nonlinear principal components analysis with CATPCA: a tutorial. J Pers Assess 94(1):12\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2011.627965","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.12.3.336","volume":"12","author":"M Linting","year":"2007","unstructured":"Linting M, Meulman JJ, Groenen PJF, van der Koojj AJ (2007a) Nonlinear principal components analysis: introduction and application. Psychol Methods 12(3):336\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.12.3.336","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"253_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.12.3.359","volume":"12","author":"M Linting","year":"2007","unstructured":"Linting M, Meulman JJ, Groenen PJF, van der Kooij AJ (2007b) Stability of nonlinear principal components analysis: An empirical study using the balanced bootstrap. Psychol Methods 12:359\u2013379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.12.3.359","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"253_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/14790718.2010.550297","volume":"8","author":"\u00c0 Llanes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Llanes \u00c0 (2011) The many faces of study abroad: An update on the research in L2 gains emerged during a study abroad experience. Int J Multiling 8:189\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14790718.2010.550297","journal-title":"Int J Multiling"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2007.tb02853.x","volume":"40","author":"SS Magnan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Magnan SS, Back M (2007) Social interaction and linguistic gain during study abroad. Foreign Lang Ann 40(1):43\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2007.tb02853.x","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/flan.12323","volume":"51","author":"S Marijuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marijuan S, Sanz C (2018) Expanding boundaries: current and new directions in study abroad research and practice. Foreign Lang Ann 51(1):185\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/flan.12323","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"key":"253_CR65","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Handbook of quantitative methods in the social sciences","author":"JJ Meulman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meulman JJ, Van der Kooij AJ, Heiser WJ (2004) Principal components analysis with nonlinear optimal scaling transformations for ordinal and nominal data. In: Kaplan D (ed) Handbook of quantitative methods in the social sciences. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, pp 49\u201370"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-023-00248-x","volume":"25","author":"L Mich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mich L, Garigliano R (2023) ChatGPT for e-Tourism: a technological perspective. Inf Technol Tour 25(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40558-023-00248-x","journal-title":"Inf Technol Tour"},{"key":"253_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21832\/9781845410247","volume-title":"Tourist behaviour: themes and conceptual schemes","author":"PL Pearce","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pearce PL (2005) Tourist behaviour: themes and conceptual schemes. Channel View Publications, Clevedon"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15980634.2012.11434656","volume":"12","author":"PL Pearce","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pearce PL, Gretzel U (2012) Tourism in technology dead zones: documenting experiential dimensions. Int J Tour Sci 12(2):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15980634.2012.11434656","journal-title":"Int J Tour Sci"},{"key":"253_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511620584","volume-title":"Study abroad and second language use: constructing the self","author":"VA Pellegrino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pellegrino VA (2005) Study abroad and second language use: constructing the self. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"253_CR71","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Language acquisition in study abroad and formal instruction contexts","author":"C P\u00e9rez-Vidal","year":"2014","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Vidal C (2014) Study abroad and formal instruction contrasted: the SALA Project. In: P\u00e9rez-Vidal C (ed) Language acquisition in study abroad and formal instruction contexts. John Benjamins, Hoboken, pp 17\u201357"},{"issue":"7","key":"253_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2020.0110761","volume":"11","author":"TH Phan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phan TH, Do P (2020) BERT+ vnKG: using deep learning and knowledge graph to improve Vietnamese question answering system. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 11(7):480\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/IJACSA.2020.0110761","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"key":"253_CR73","unstructured":"Pitman J (2021) Google translate: one billion installs, one billion stories. The Keyword. https:\/\/blog.google\/products\/translate\/one-billion-installs"},{"key":"253_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11800.003.0016","volume-title":"Machine translation","author":"T Poibeau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poibeau T (2017) Machine translation. The MIT Press, Cambridge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/11800.003.0016"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s10824-017-9296-y","volume":"41","author":"M Redondo-Carretero","year":"2017","unstructured":"Redondo-Carretero M, Camarero-Izquierdo C, Guti\u00e9rrez-Arranz A, Rodr\u00edguez-Pinto J (2017) Language tourism destinations: a case study of motivations, perceived value and tourists\u2019 expenditure. J Cult Econ 41(2):155\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10824-017-9296-y","journal-title":"J Cult Econ"},{"key":"253_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21832\/9781847691583","author":"V Regan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Regan V, Howard M, Lem\u00e9e I (2009) The acquisition of sociolinguistic competence in a study abroad context. Multilingual Matters. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21832\/9781847691583","journal-title":"Multilingual Matters"},{"key":"253_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.36366\/frontiers.v24i1.339","volume":"24","author":"BL Savage","year":"2014","unstructured":"Savage BL, Hughes HZ (2014) How does short-term foreign language immersion stimulate language learning? Front Interdiscipl J Study Abroad 24:103\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36366\/frontiers.v24i1.339","journal-title":"Front Interdiscipl J Study Abroad"},{"key":"253_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2004.tb02198.x","volume":"37","author":"B Schmidt-Reinhart","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schmidt-Reinhart B, Knight S (2004) The homestay component of study abroad: three perspectives. Foreign Lang Ann 37:254\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2004.tb02198.x","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324920000303","volume":"27","author":"S Sen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sen S, Hasanuzzaman M, Ekbal A, Bhattacharyya P, Way A (2021) Neural machine translation of low-resource languages using SMT phrase pair injection. Nat Lang Eng 27(3):271\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1351324920000303","journal-title":"Nat Lang Eng"},{"key":"253_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119472384.ch29","volume-title":"The handbook of informal language learning","author":"H Slatyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Slatyer H, Forget S (2020) Digital translation: its potential and limitations for informal language learning. In: Dressman M, Sadler RW (eds) The handbook of informal language learning. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 439\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119472384.ch29"},{"key":"253_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199239306.013.0029","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of translation studies","author":"H Somers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Somers H (2011) Machine translation: history, development, and limitations. In: Malmkj\u00e6r K, Windle K (eds) The Oxford handbook of translation studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 427\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199239306.013.0029"},{"key":"253_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s40558-020-00186-y","volume":"22","author":"U Stankov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stankov U, Gretzel U (2020) Tourism 4.0 technologies and tourist experiences: a human-centered design perspective. Inf Technol Tourism 22:477\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40558-020-00186-y","journal-title":"Inf Technol Tourism"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2478\/sm-2020-0002","volume":"16","author":"M Steci\u0105g","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steci\u0105g M, Karmowska A (2020) Lingua materna, lingua receptiva, lingua franca, multilingua franca? The Linguascape of the Polish-Czech borderland from the perspective of sustainable multilingualism. Sustain Multilingual 16(1):21\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/sm-2020-0002","journal-title":"Sustain Multilingual"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2010.01064.x","volume":"43","author":"JA Stewart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stewart JA (2010) Using e-Journals to assess students\u2019 language awareness and social identity during study abroad. Foreign Lang Ann 43(1):138\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1944-9720.2010.01064.x","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"key":"253_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429032141","volume-title":"Teaching english for tourism: bridging research and praxis","author":"D Stewart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stewart D (2019) English for tourism in the non-native English classroom: machine translation and corpora. In: Ennis MJ, Petrie GM (eds) Teaching english for tourism: bridging research and praxis. Routledge, Amsterdam, pp 114\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780429032141"},{"key":"253_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1075\/lllt.37.07tan","volume-title":"Social and cultural aspects of language learning in study abroad","author":"D Tan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tan D, Kinginger C (2013) Exploring the potential of high school homestays as a context for local engagement and negotiation of difference. In: Kinginger C (ed) Social and cultural aspects of language learning in study abroad. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp 155\u2013177"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-016-9363-6","volume":"51","author":"A Toral","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toral A, Espl\u00e1-Gomis M, Klubi\u010dka F, Ljube\u0161i\u0107 N, Papavassiliou V, Prokopidis P, Way A et al (2017) Crawl and crowd to bring machine translation to under-resourced languages. Lang Resourc Eval 51(4):1019\u20131051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-016-9363-6","journal-title":"Lang Resourc Eval"},{"key":"253_CR88","unstructured":"Towes (2022) Language is the next great frontier in AI. Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/robtoews\/2022\/02\/13\/language-is-the-next-great-frontier-in-ai\/?sh=52dbe4215c50"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4013\/cld.2017.151.14","volume":"15","author":"B Vazquez-Calvo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vazquez-Calvo B, Cassany D (2017) Aprender lengua con el traductor autom\u00e1tico en la escuela secundaria: un di\u00e1logo necesario. Calidosc\u00f3pio 15(1):180\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4013\/cld.2017.151.14","journal-title":"Calidosc\u00f3pio"},{"key":"253_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-022-09589-1","author":"LN Vieira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vieira LN, O\u2019Sullivan C, Zhang X, O\u2019Hagan M (2022) Machine translation in society: insights from UK users. Lang Resour Eval. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-022-09589-1","journal-title":"Lang Resour Eval"},{"key":"253_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6330814","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J (2022) Research on cultural translation based on neural network. Math Problems Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/6330814","journal-title":"Math Problems Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/0047287514535847","volume":"55","author":"D Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang D, Xiang Z, Fesenmaier DR (2016) Smartphone use in everyday life and travel. J Travel Res 55(1):52\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0047287514535847","journal-title":"J Travel Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/flan.12016","volume":"46","author":"JR Watson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Watson JR, Siska P, Wolfel RL (2013) Assessing gains in language proficiency, cross-cultural competence, and regional awareness during study abroad: a preliminary study. Foreign Lang Ann 46(1):62\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/flan.12016","journal-title":"Foreign Lang Ann"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5070\/L28231965","volume":"8","author":"T Wolcott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolcott T (2016) Introduction to the special issue: study abroad in the twenty-first century. L2 J 8(2):3\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5070\/L28231965","journal-title":"L2 J"},{"key":"253_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315311258-11","volume-title":"The Routledge handbook of translation and technology","author":"M Yamada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamada M (2019) Language learners and non-professional translators as users. In: Ohagan M (ed) The Routledge handbook of translation and technology. Routledge, New Yok, pp 183\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315311258-11"},{"key":"253_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1075\/btl.35.15yan","volume-title":"Computers and translation: a translator\u2019s guide","author":"J Yang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yang J, Lange E (2003) Going live on the internet. In: Somers H (ed) Computers and translation: a translator\u2019s guide. John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp 191\u2013210"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9922.2004.00250.x","volume":"52","author":"T Yashima","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yashima T, Zenuk-Nishide L, Shimizu K (2004) The influence of attitudes and affect on willingness to communicate and second language communication. Lang Learn 52(1):119\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9922.2004.00250.x","journal-title":"Lang Learn"},{"issue":"22","key":"253_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10915","DOI":"10.3390\/app112210915","volume":"11","author":"L Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao L, Gao W, Fang J (2021) High-performance english-chinese machine translation based on GPU-enabled deep neural networks with domain corpus. Appl Sci 11(22):10915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app112210915","journal-title":"Appl Sci"}],"container-title":["Information Technology &amp; Tourism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40558-023-00253-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40558-023-00253-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40558-023-00253-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T13:05:04Z","timestamp":1688389504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40558-023-00253-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40558-023-00253-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-3058","1943-4294"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-3058","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-4294","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. The present work has not been published previously and it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}