{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T07:48:16Z","timestamp":1767685696564,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Magdeburg"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dialysis patients are at risk for lower SARS-CoV-2-vaccine immunogenicity than the normal population. We assessed immunogenicity to a first mRNA- or vector-based SARS-CoV-2-vaccination dose in dialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a multicenter observational pilot study, 2\u00a0weeks after a first vaccination (BNT162b2\/Pfizer-BioNTech [Comirnaty] or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19\/Oxford-Astra-Zeneca [Vaxzevria]), hemodialysis patients (N\u2009=\u200923), peritoneal dialysis patients (N\u2009=\u20094) and healthy staff (N\u2009=\u200914) were tested for SARS-CoV-2-spike IgG\/IgM, Nucleocapsid-protein-IgG-antibodies and plasma ACE2-receptor-binding-inhibition capacity. Hemodialysis patients who had had prior COVID-19 infection (N\u2009=\u200918) served as controls. Both response to first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and IgG spike-positivity following prior COVID-19 infection were defined as SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG levels\u2009\u2265\u200950 AU\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaccination responder rates were 17.4% (4\/23) in hemodialysis patients, 100% (4\/4) in peritoneal dialysis patients and 57.1% (8\/14) in staff (HD vs. PD: p\u2009=\u20090.004, HD vs. staff: p\u2009=\u20090.027). Among hemodialysis patients, type of vaccine (Comirnaty N\u2009=\u200911, Vaxzevria N\u2009=\u200912, 2 responders each) did not appear to influence antibody levels (IgG spike: Comirnaty median 0.0 [1.\u20133. quartile 0.0\u20133.8] versus Vaxzevria 4.3 [1.6\u201320.1] AU\/mL, p\u2009=\u20090.079). Of responders to the first dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among hemodialysis patients (N\u2009=\u20094\/23), median IgG spike levels and ACE2-receptor-binding-inhibition capacity were lower than that of IgG spike-positive hemodialysis patients with prior COVID-19 infection (13\/18, 72.2%): IgG spike: median 222.0, 1.\u20133. quartile 104.1\u2013721.9 versus median 3794.6, 1.\u20133. quartile 793.4\u20139357.9 AU\/mL, p\u2009=\u20090.015; ACE2-receptor-binding-inhibition capacity: median 11.5%, 1.\u20133. quartile 5.0\u201327.3 versus median 74.8%, 1.\u20133. quartile 44.9\u201398.1, p\u2009=\u20090.002.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two weeks after their first mRNA- or vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, hemodialysis patients demonstrated lower antibody-related response than peritoneal dialysis patients and healthy staff or unvaccinated hemodialysis patients following prior COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-01076-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]],"date-time":"2021-05-29T05:06:51Z","timestamp":1622264811000},"page":"975-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Immunogenicity of a first dose of mRNA- or vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in dialysis patients: a multicenter prospective observational pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3001-5257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Lesny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Cloherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Stec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6881-2249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Haase-Fielitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8274-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Haarhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Macario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8212-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1076_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00794-1","volume":"33","author":"G Quintaliani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quintaliani G, Reboldi G, Di Napoli A et al (2020) Exposure to novel coronavirus in patients on renal replacement therapy during the exponential phase of COVID-19 pandemic: survey of the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol 33:725\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-020-00794-1","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"1076_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab037","volume":"14","author":"M Haarhaus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haarhaus M, Santos C, Haase M et al (2021) Risk prediction of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in a large multi-national hemodialysis cohort: implications for management of the pandemic in outpatient hemodialysis settings. Clin Kidney J 14:805\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab037","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"1076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.03.31.21254683","author":"E Schrezenmeier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schrezenmeier E, Bergfeld L, Hillus D et al (2021) Immunogenicity of COVID-19 tozinameran vaccination in patients on chronic dialysis. medRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.03.31.21254683","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"1076_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03500321","author":"A Grupper","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grupper A, Sharon N, Finn T et al (2021) Humoral response to the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.03500321","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"1076_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","volume":"12","author":"E von Elm","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP (2014) The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg 12:1495\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1076_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3765329","author":"O Andersson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andersson O, Campos-Mercade P, Meier A, Wengstr\u00f6m E (2020) Anticipation of COVID-19 vaccines reduces social distancing. SSRN. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.3765329","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"key":"1076_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.010","author":"M Torreggiani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Torreggiani M, Blanchi S, Fois A, Fessi H, Piccoli GB (2021) Neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in dialysis patients after the first dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: the war is far from being won. Kidney Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1076_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.007","author":"TA Ikizler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ikizler TA, Coates PT, Rovin BH, Ronco P (2021) Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. Kidney Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1076_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI149154","author":"R Levi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Levi R, Azzolini E, Pozzi C et al (2021) One dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine exponentially increases antibodies in recovered individuals with symptomatic COVID-19. J Clin Investig. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI149154","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1076_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01325-6","author":"JE Ebinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ebinger JE, Fert-Bober J, Printsev I et al (2021) Antibody responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-021-01325-6","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-021-01076-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40620-021-01076-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40620-021-01076-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T07:45:26Z","timestamp":1767685526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40620-021-01076-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-021-01076-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1121-8428","1724-6059"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1121-8428"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1724-6059"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Mark Anderson, Gavin Cloherty, Michael Stec: Employee of Abbott Laboratories. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the <i>\u2018Landes\u00e4rztekammer Brandenburg\u2019<\/i>, Germany (registry number S 9\/(bB)\/2021). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent to participate and to publish was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent to publish was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}