{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T12:14:57Z","timestamp":1769516097211,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mar Syst Ocean Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40868-019-00068-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T19:02:47Z","timestamp":1574708567000},"page":"81-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Combined solutions to reduce scour around complex foundations: an experimental study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Vahid Javidi","family":"Vahdati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Yaghoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmadreza","family":"Torabipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. F. O.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Fazeres-Ferradosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Taveira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"68_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:10(1100)","volume":"132","author":"B Ataie-Ashtiani","year":"2006","unstructured":"B. Ataie-Ashtiani, A.A. Beheshti, Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour at pile groups. J. Hydraul. Eng. 132(10), 1100\u20131104 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"68_CR2","unstructured":"J. Chabert, Etude des affouillements autour des piles de ponts, Report (National Hydraulics Laboratory, Chatou, 1956)"},{"key":"68_CR3","unstructured":"F.F. Chang, M. Karim, An Experimental Study of Reducing Scour Around Bridge Piers Using Piles (Study No. 640 (67), 1972)"},{"issue":"9","key":"68_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:9(1260)","volume":"118","author":"YM Chiew","year":"1992","unstructured":"Y.M. Chiew, Scour protection at bridge piers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 118(9), 1260\u20131269 (1992)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"68_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1680\/wame.2003.156.1.53","volume":"156","author":"Y Chiew","year":"2003","unstructured":"Y. Chiew, S. Lim, Protection of bridge piers using a sacrificial sill. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Marit. Eng. 156(1), 53\u201362 (2003)","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Water Marit. Eng."},{"key":"68_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/00221688709499285","volume":"25","author":"YM Chiew","year":"1987","unstructured":"Y.M. Chiew, B.W. Melville, Local scour around bridge piers. J. Hydraul. Res. 25, 15\u201326 (1987)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"68_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:4(330)","volume":"131","author":"SE Coleman","year":"2005","unstructured":"S.E. Coleman, Clearwater local scour at complex piers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 131(4), 330\u2013334 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"68_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:3(270)","volume":"132","author":"S Dey","year":"2006","unstructured":"S. Dey, B.M. Sumer, J. Freds\u00f8e, Control of scour at vertical circular piles under waves and current. J. Hydraul. Eng. 132(3), 270\u2013279 (2006)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"68_CR9","unstructured":"R.E. Ettema, Scour at Bridge Piers, Report 236 (The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1980)"},{"issue":"1","key":"68_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/00221686.2011.649548","volume":"50","author":"R Gaudio","year":"2012","unstructured":"R. Gaudio, A. Ali Tafarojnoruz, F. Calomino, Combined flow-altering countermeasures against bridge pier scour. J. Hydraul. Res. 50(1), 35\u201343 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00221686.2011.649548","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Res."},{"key":"68_CR11","unstructured":"C.R. Hannah, Scour at Pile Groups. Research Report No. 28-3 (1978)"},{"issue":"1","key":"68_CR12","first-page":"49","volume":"22","author":"MA Haque","year":"2007","unstructured":"M.A. Haque, M.M. Rahman, G.T. Islam, M.A. Hussain, Scour mitigation at bridge piers using sacrificial piles. Int. J. Sediment Res. 22(1), 49 (2007)","journal-title":"Int. J. Sediment Res."},{"key":"68_CR13","unstructured":"J.G. Herbertson, A.A. Ibrahim, in Proceedings of the International Conference on Protection and Development of the Nile and Other Major Rivers, 1992"},{"issue":"3","key":"68_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-6279(12)60044-4","volume":"27","author":"E Izadinia","year":"2012","unstructured":"E. Izadinia, M. Heidarpour, Simultaneous use of cable and collar to prevent local scouring around bridge pier. Int. J. Sediment Res. 27(3), 394\u2013401 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Sediment Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"68_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:12(1302)","volume":"125","author":"V Kumar","year":"1999","unstructured":"V. Kumar, K.G.R. Raju, N. Vittal, Reduction of local scour around bridge piers using slots and collars. J. Hydraul. Eng. 125(12), 1302\u20131305 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"68_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:11(1221)","volume":"125","author":"BW Melville","year":"1999","unstructured":"B.W. Melville, A.C. Hadfield, Use of sacrificial piles as pier scour countermeasures. J. Hydraul. Eng. 125(11), 1221\u20131224 (1999)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"68_CR17","unstructured":"B.W. Melville, S.E. Coleman, Bridge Scour (Water Resources Publication, 2000)"},{"issue":"6","key":"68_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:6(420)","volume":"129","author":"MF Mia","year":"2003","unstructured":"M.F. Mia, H. Nago, Design method of time-dependent local scour at circular bridge pier. J. Hydraul. Eng. 129(6), 420\u2013427 (2003)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"68_CR19","first-page":"394","volume":"166","author":"R Mohammadpour","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. Mohammadpour, A.A. Ghani, H.M. Azamathulla, Prediction of equilibrium scour time around long abutments. Water Manag. 166(7), 394 (2013)","journal-title":"Water Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"68_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/15715124.2013.772522","volume":"11","author":"R Mohammadpour","year":"2013","unstructured":"R. Mohammadpour, A.A. Ghani, H.M. Azamathulla, Estimation of dimension and time variation of local scour at short abutment. Int. J. River Basin Manag. 11(1), 121\u2013135 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. River Basin Manag."},{"key":"68_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Mohammadpour, A. Ghani, N.A. Zakaria, in Scour and Erosion: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, Perth, Australia, 2\u20134 December 2014 (CRC Press, 2014), p. 455","DOI":"10.1201\/b17703-59"},{"issue":"1","key":"68_CR22","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"R Mohammadpour","year":"2014","unstructured":"R. Mohammadpour, T. Sabzevari, F. Mohammadpour, Investigation of local scour development around abutment using experimental and numerical models. Casp. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 3(1), 1\u201311 (2014)","journal-title":"Casp. J. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"68_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:3(267)","volume":"117","author":"AJ Odgaard","year":"1991","unstructured":"A.J. Odgaard, Y. Wang, Sediment management with submerged vanes. I: theory. J. Hydraul. Eng. 117(3), 267 (1991)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"68_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:9(811)","volume":"128","author":"G Oliveto","year":"2002","unstructured":"G. Oliveto, W.H. Hager, Temporal evolution of clear-water pier and abutment scour. J. Hydraul. Eng. 128(9), 811\u2013820 (2002)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"68_CR25","unstructured":"G. Parker, C. Toro-Escobar, R.L. Voigt Jr., Countermeasures to Protect Bridge Piers from Scour (St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, 1998)"},{"issue":"3","key":"68_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:3(338)","volume":"109","author":"AJ Raudkivi","year":"1983","unstructured":"A.J. Raudkivi, R. Ettema, Clear-water scour at cylindrical piers. J. Hydraul. Eng. 109(3), 338\u2013350 (1983)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"68_CR27","unstructured":"E.V. Richardson, S.R. Davis, Evaluating Scour at Bridges: Hydraulic Engineering, Circular No. 18. Report FHwA NHI, pp. 01\u2013001 (2001)"},{"key":"68_CR28","unstructured":"Salim, M., J.S. Jones, in Stream Stability and Scour at Highway Bridges: Compendium of Stream Stability and Scour Papers Presented at Conferences Sponsored by the Water Resources Engineering (Hydraulics) Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE, 1995), p. 175"},{"issue":"6","key":"68_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1061\/JYCEAJ.0002197","volume":"95","author":"HW Shen","year":"1969","unstructured":"H.W. Shen, V.R. Schneider, S. Karaki, Local scour around bridge piers. J. Hydraul. Div. 95(6), 1919\u20131940 (1969)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Div."},{"key":"68_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112096003898","volume":"332","author":"B Sumer","year":"1997","unstructured":"B. Sumer, N. Christiansen, J. Freds\u00f8e, The horseshoe vortex and vortex shedding around a vertical wall-mounted cylinder exposed to waves. J. Fluid Mech. 332, 41\u201370 (1997)","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"4","key":"68_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/00221686.2010.491645","volume":"48","author":"A Tafarojnoruz","year":"2010","unstructured":"A. Tafarojnoruz, R. Gaudio, S. Dey, Flow-altering countermeasures against scour at bridge piers: a review. J. Hydraul. Res. 48(4), 441\u2013452 (2010)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"68_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:11(1309)","volume":"120","author":"N Vittal","year":"1994","unstructured":"N. Vittal, U.C. Kothyari, M. Haghighat, Clear-water scour around bridge pier group. J. Hydraul. Eng. 120(11), 1309\u20131318 (1994)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Eng."},{"key":"68_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coastaleng.2019.103515","volume":"152","author":"M Welzel","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Welzel, A. Schendel, A. Hildebrandt, T. Schlurmann, Scour development around a jacket structure in combined waves and current conditions compared to monopile foundations. Coast. Eng. 152, 103515 (2019)","journal-title":"Coast. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"68_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/00221686.2004.9641188","volume":"42","author":"AR Zarrati","year":"2004","unstructured":"A.R. Zarrati, H. Gholami, M.B. Mashahir, Application of collar to control scouring around rectangular bridge piers. J. Hydraul. Res. 42(1), 97\u2013103 (2004)","journal-title":"J. Hydraul. Res."}],"container-title":["Marine Systems & Ocean Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40868-019-00068-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40868-019-00068-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40868-019-00068-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T08:13:54Z","timestamp":1612599234000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40868-019-00068-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["68"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40868-019-00068-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1679-396X","2199-4749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1679-396X","type":"print"},{"value":"2199-4749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}