{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:53:54Z","timestamp":1774446834665,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008814","name":"Universidade do Minho","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Appl Posit Psychol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s41042-026-00273-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T09:05:41Z","timestamp":1772096741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Competence: To Be+(plus). Studying Late Adolescents\u2019 Perceptions of a Group Intervention Program to Promote Positive Development"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Margarida","family":"Dinis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"273_CR1","unstructured":"Almeida, L., & Freire, T. (2017). Metodologia Da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Em psicologia e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o (5th ed.). Psiquil\u00edbrios."},{"issue":"5","key":"273_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","volume":"55","author":"JJ Arnett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"5","key":"273_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732319889354","volume":"30","author":"N Bergen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bergen, N., & Labont\u00e9, R. (2020). Everything is perfect, and we have no problems: Detecting and limiting social desirability bias in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 30(5), 783\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049732319889354","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21052","volume":"31","author":"SJ Blakemore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blakemore, S. J., Burnett, S., & Dahl, R. E. (2010). The role of puberty in the developing adolescent brain. Human Brain Mapping, 31(6), 926\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.21052","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.07.009","volume":"61","author":"RW Blum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blum, R. W., Mmari, K., & Moreau, C. (2017). It begins at 10: How gender expectations shape early adolescence around the world. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(4), S3\u2013S4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.07.009","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"273_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-010-9530-9","volume":"39","author":"EP Bowers","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bowers, E. P., Li, Y., Kiely, M. K., Brittian, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2010). The five Cs model of positive youth development: A longitudinal analysis of confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 720\u2013735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-010-9530-9","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"273_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bowers, E. P., Johnson, S. K., Warren, D. J. A., Tirrell, J. M., & Lerner, J. V. (2015). Youth\u2013Adult relationships and positive youth development. In E. Bowers, et al. (Eds.), Promoting positive youth development. Advancing responsible adolescent development (pp. 97\u2013120). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_6"},{"key":"273_CR8","unstructured":"Bradburn, N. M., Sudman, S., & Wansink, B. (2004). Asking questions: The definitive guide to questionnaire design for market research, political polls, and social and health questionnaires. Wiley."},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Applied Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","journal-title":"Applied Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/pst0000173","volume":"55","author":"GM Burlingame","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burlingame, G. M., McClendon, D. T., & Yang, C. (2018). Cohesion in group therapy: A meta-analysis. Psychotherapy, 55(4), 384\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pst0000173","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"key":"273_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Callina, K. S., Mueller, M. K., Buckingham, M. H., & Gutierrez, A. S. (2015). Building hope for positive youth development: Research, Practice, and policy. In E. Bowers, et al. (Eds.), Promoting positive youth development. Advancing responsible adolescent development (pp. 71\u201394). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_5"},{"issue":"3","key":"273_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5195\/jyd.2015.10","volume":"10","author":"LM Chauveron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chauveron, L. M., Linver, M. R., & Urban, J. B. (2015). Intentional self regulation and positive youth development: Implications for youth development programs. Journal of Youth Development, 10(3), 89\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5195\/jyd.2015.10","journal-title":"Journal of Youth Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/0894845316672742","volume":"45","author":"PMG Cordeiro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cordeiro, P. M. G., Paixao, M. P., Lens, W., Lacante, M., & Luyckx, K. (2018). Parenting styles, identity development, and adjustment in career transitions: The mediating role of psychological needs. Journal of Career Development, 45(1), 83\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0894845316672742","journal-title":"Journal of Career Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","volume":"11","author":"EL Deci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The what and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the Self-Determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"key":"273_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Donlan, A. E., Lynch, A. D., & Lerner, R. M. (2015). Peer relationships and positive youth development. In E. Bowers, et al. (Eds.), Promoting positive youth development. Advancing responsible adolescent development (pp. 121\u2013136). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_7","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_7"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.17979\/reipe.2020.7.2.6420","volume":"7","author":"F Duarte","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duarte, F., C, D., Paix\u00e3o, P., P, M., Silva, J., & D, T. (2020). Diferen\u00e7as Na adaptabilidade Da Carreira Em dois momentos do Ensino secund\u00e1rio. Revista De Estudios E Investigaci\u00f3n En Psicolog\u00eda Y Educaci\u00f3n, 7(2), 115\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17979\/reipe.2020.7.2.6420","journal-title":"Revista De Estudios E Investigaci\u00f3n En Psicolog\u00eda Y Educaci\u00f3n"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691617692106","volume":"13","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2018). Reflections on positive emotions and upward spirals. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 194\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1745691617692106","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR18","first-page":"223","volume":"11","author":"T Freire","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freire, T., Fonte, C., & Lima, I. (2007). As experi\u00eancias \u00f3ptimas Na Vida di\u00e1ria de adolescentes: implica\u00e7\u00f5es Para Um desenvolvimento positivo. Revista De Psicologia Educa\u00e7\u00e3o E Cultura, 11(2), 223\u2013242. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10284\/8031","journal-title":"Revista De Psicologia Educa\u00e7\u00e3o E Cultura"},{"key":"273_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.02.035","volume":"87","author":"T Freire","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freire, T., Lima, I., Teixeira, A., Ara\u00fajo, M. R., & Machado, A. (2018). Challenge: To Be+. A group intervention program to promote the positive development of adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 87, 173\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.02.035","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"273_CR20","unstructured":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Calouste Gulbenkian (2018). Academias Gulbenkian do Conhecimento. https:\/\/gulbenkian.pt\/academias\/"},{"key":"273_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Geldhof, G. J., Bowers, E. P., Mueller, M. K., Napolitano, C. M., Callina, K. S., Walsh, K. J., & Lerner, R. M. (2015). The five Cs model of positive youth development. Promoting positive youth development: Lessons from the 4-H study, 161\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-17166-1_9"},{"key":"273_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gruber, M. J., Valji, A., & Ranganath, C. (2019). Curiosity and learning: A neuroscientific perspective. In K. A. Renninger & S. E. Hidi (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of motivation and learning (pp. 397\u2013417). Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781316823279.018","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316823279.018"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1057\/dbm.2008.4","volume":"15","author":"T Keiningham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keiningham, T., Aksoy, L., Cooil, B., Andreassen, W., & Williams, L. (2008). A holistic examination of net promoter. Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management, 15(2), 79\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/dbm.2008.4","journal-title":"Journal of Database Marketing & Customer Strategy Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.50.1.537","volume":"50","author":"JA Krosnick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krosnick, J. A. (1999). Survey research. Annual Review of Psychology, 50(1), 537\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.psych.50.1.537","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"273_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20123","volume":"34","author":"R Larson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Larson, R. (2006). Positive youth development, willful adolescents, and mentoring. Journal of Community Psychology, 34(6), 677\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcop.20123","journal-title":"Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431604273211","volume":"25","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lerner, R. M., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., & Lerner, J. V. (2005a). Positive youth development A view of the issues. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 10\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272431604273211","journal-title":"The Journal of Early Adolescence"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431604272461","volume":"25","author":"RM Lerner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., Phelps, E., Gestsdottir, S., & von Eye, A. (2005b). Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs, and community contributions of fifth-grade adolescents: Findings from the first wave of the 4-H study of positive youth development. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 17\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272431604272461","journal-title":"The Journal of Early Adolescence"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/02724316940140020","volume":"14","author":"SE Lord","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lord, S. E., Eccles, J. S., & McCarthy, K. A. (1994). Surviving the junior high school transition family processes and self-perceptions as protective and risk factors. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 14(2), 162\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/02724316940140020","journal-title":"The Journal of Early Adolescence"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMCP.2014.066899","volume":"8","author":"PC Mandal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mandal, P. C. (2014). Net promoter score: A conceptual analysis. International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 8(4), 209\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJMCP.2014.066899","journal-title":"International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12874","volume":"88","author":"KA Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore, K. A. (2017). Commentary: Positive youth development goes mainstream. Child Development, 88(4), 1175\u20131177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12874","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"273_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Napolitano, C. M., Sewell, M. N., Yoon, H. J., Soto, C. J., & Roberts, B. W. (2021). Social, emotional, and behavioral skills: An integrative model of the skills associated with success during adolescence and across the life span. In frontiers in education. Frontiers Media SA, 6, 679561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2021.679561","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2021.679561"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.19030\/cier.v10i1.9875","volume":"10","author":"R Prajapati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prajapati, R., Sharma, B., & Sharma, D. (2017). Significance of life skills education. Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 10(1), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19030\/cier.v10i1.9875","journal-title":"Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER)"},{"key":"273_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qi, S., Hua, F., Zhou, Z., & Shek, D. T. (2020). Trends of positive youth development publications (1995\u20132020): A scientometric review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11482-020-09878-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-020-09878-3"},{"key":"273_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103501","volume":"123","author":"RM Rapee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rapee, R. M., Oar, E. L., Johnco, C. J., Forbes, M. K., Fardouly, J., Magson, N. R., & Richardson, C. E. (2019). Adolescent development and risk for the onset of social-emotional disorders: A review and conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 123, 103501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103501","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"273_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.20306","volume":"45","author":"AL Reschly","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reschly, A. L., Huebner, E. S., Appleton, J. J., & Antaramian, S. (2008). Engagement as flourishing: The contribution of positive emotions and coping to adolescents\u2019 engagement at school and with learning. Psychology in the Schools, 45(5), 419\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pits.20306","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"issue":"3","key":"273_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/01460860802272888","volume":"31","author":"H Rhee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rhee, H., Ciurzynski, S. M., & Yoos, H. L. (2008). Pearls and pitfalls of community-based group interventions for adolescents: Lessons learned from an adolescent asthma cAMP study. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 31(3), 122\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01460860802272888","journal-title":"Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"273_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1207\/S1532480XADS0702_6","volume":"7","author":"JL Roth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roth, J. L., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2003). What exactly is a youth development program? Answers from research and practice. Applied Developmental Science, 7(2), 94\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S1532480XADS0702_6","journal-title":"Applied Developmental Science"},{"issue":"9826","key":"273_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60072-5","volume":"379","author":"SM Sawyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sawyer, S. M., Afifi, R. A., Bearinger, L. H., Blakemore, S. J., Dick, B., Ezeh, A. C., & Patton, G. C. (2012). Adolescence: A foundation for future health. The Lancet, 379(9826), 1630\u20131640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60072-5","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"273_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-010-9578-6","volume":"40","author":"PC Scales","year":"2011","unstructured":"Scales, P. C., Benson, P. L., & Roehlkepartain, E. C. (2011). Adolescent thriving: The role of sparks, relationships, and empowerment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 263\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-010-9578-6","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"273_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholte, R. H., & Van Aken, M. A. (2020). Peer relations in adolescence. Handbook of adolescent development (pp. 175\u2013199). Psychology.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203969861-10"},{"key":"273_CR41","unstructured":"Schwab, K., & Zahidi, S. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. In World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. https:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf"},{"key":"273_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095653","volume":"15","author":"MEP Seligman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seligman, M. E. P. (2019). Positive psychology: A personal history. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15, 1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095653","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1515\/ijdhd-2017-7001","volume":"16","author":"DT Shek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shek, D. T., Leung, J. T., & Merrick, J. (2016). Paradigm shift in youth development: Development of soft skills in adolescents. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 16(4), 337\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ijdhd-2017-7001","journal-title":"International Journal on Disability and Human Development"},{"key":"273_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shek, D. T., Dou, D., Zhu, X., & Chai, W. (2019). Positive youth development: Current perspectives. Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics, 131\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/AHMT.S179946","DOI":"10.2147\/AHMT.S179946"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.17505\/jpor.2021.23450","volume":"7","author":"LS Sica","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sica, L. S., & Sestito, L. A. (2021). Personal skills for optimal identity development: A person-centered approach in Italian late-adolescents. Journal for Person-Oriented Research, 7(1), 36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17505\/jpor.2021.23450","journal-title":"Journal for Person-Oriented Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"273_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12864","volume":"88","author":"RD Taylor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor, R. D., Oberle, E., Durlak, J. A., & Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Promoting positive youth development through school-based social and emotional learning interventions: A meta\u2010analysis of follow\u2010up effects. Child Development, 88(4), 1156\u20131171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12864","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431604272460","volume":"25","author":"C Theokas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Theokas, C., Almerigi, J. B., Lerner, R. M., Dowling, E. M., Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., & von Eye, A. (2005). Conceptualizing and modeling individual and ecological asset components of thriving in early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 113\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272431604272460","journal-title":"The Journal of Early Adolescence"},{"issue":"5","key":"273_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.73.5.90","volume":"73","author":"M Trusov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of Word-of-Mouth versus traditional marketing: Findings from an internet social networking site. Journal of Marketing, 73(5), 90\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1509\/jmkg.73.5.90","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"87","key":"273_CR49","first-page":"321","volume":"28","author":"LELR Valle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Valle, L. E. L. R., & de Mattos, M. J. V. M. (2011). Adolesc\u00eancia: As contradi\u00e7\u00f5es Da Idade. Revista Psicopedagogia, 28(87), 321\u2013323.","journal-title":"Revista Psicopedagogia"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcy130","volume":"50","author":"J Waid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Waid, J., & Uhrich, M. (2020). A scoping review of the theory and practice of positive youth development. The British Journal of Social Work, 50(1), 5\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjsw\/bcy130","journal-title":"The British Journal of Social Work"},{"issue":"10","key":"273_CR51","first-page":"61","volume":"35","author":"P Yadav","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yadav, P., & Iqbal, N. (2009). Impact of life skill training on self-esteem, adjustment and empathy among adolescents. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 35(10), 61\u201370.","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"273_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.15309\/21psd220102","volume":"22","author":"D Zanini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zanini, D., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Fernandes, I. (2021). Psicologia positiva e sa\u00fade: Desenvolvimento e interven\u00e7\u00f5es. Psicologia Sa\u00fade & Doen\u00e7as, 22(1), 3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15309\/21psd220102","journal-title":"Psicologia Sa\u00fade & Doen\u00e7as"},{"key":"273_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/yd.179","volume":"2006(111)","author":"N Zarrett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zarrett, N., & Eccles, J. (2006). The passage to adulthood: Challenges of late adolescence. New Directions for Youth Development, 2006(111), 13\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/yd.179","journal-title":"New Directions for Youth Development"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41042-026-00273-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s41042-026-00273-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s41042-026-00273-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T12:01:57Z","timestamp":1774440117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s41042-026-00273-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41042-026-00273-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2364-5059"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2364-5059","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research in Social and Human Sciences of the University of Minho (Ref. CEICSH 037\/2020) and followed the guidelines of the American Psychological Association (APA).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}