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Moreover, scaffolds favor the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive cell formation, while the addition of MWCNTs seems to inhibit the osteoclastogenesis but present limited effects on the osteoclast functionalities (receptor activator of nuclear factor <jats:italic>\u03ba\u03b2<\/jats:italic> ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expressions). The use of ES promotes the osteoclastogenesis and RANKL expressions, showing a dominant effect in the bone remodeling process. These results indicate that the combination of 3D printed conductive PCL\/MWCNTs scaffold and ES is a promising strategy to treat critical bone defects and provide a cue to establish an optimal protocol to use conductive scaffolds and ES for bone tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42242-020-00116-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T22:03:37Z","timestamp":1609884217000},"page":"190-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["In vivo study of conductive 3D printed PCL\/MWCNTs scaffolds with electrical stimulation for bone tissue engineering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Edney P.","family":"e Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boyang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4414-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia V.","family":"Helaehil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2832-1984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo R. 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