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This distinction is consistently neglected by democratic theorists. However, it has serious implications for representative democracies because the standard answers to the boundary problem \u2013 the all-affected-interests principle, the all-subjected principle, and the substantive-demos principle \u2013 do not apply to the problem of constituting the demos. A new principle aimed at the latter problem is here proposed: the constructivist-representative principle. In the end, it should be clear that ascertaining who should be entitled to participate in which democratic decision requires the adoption of different principles depending on the specific demos in question and on the type of decision-making procedure involved (e.g., constitution-making-or-changing, lawmaking, policymaking, etc.).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s42439-024-00095-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T09:20:29Z","timestamp":1732094429000},"page":"201-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The (Other) Boundary Problem: Conceptualizing Membership of the Demos\u2019 Two Bodies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0836-010X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre Santos","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"95_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/0090591707310090","volume":"36","author":"A Abizadeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abizadeh A (2008) Democratic theory and Border Coercion: no right to unilaterally control your own Borders. 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