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The performance evaluation of the developed models was conducted through the analysis of key statistical indicators, including <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, RMSE, MAE, and Pearson correlation. To enhance the robustness and generalizability of the models, a rigorous tenfold cross-validation strategy coupled with a strategic introduction of noise was employed during the validation process. The incorporation of Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis provided insightful interpretability into the predictive capabilities of the models, enabling a nuanced understanding of the underlying relationships between input variables and target outputs. Furthermore, the application of multi-objective optimization techniques facilitated judicious decision-making processes, enabling the identification of optimal 3DCP mixture compositions that concurrently enhance performance metrics, reduce operational costs, and mitigate CO\u2082 emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s43503-024-00044-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T08:13:40Z","timestamp":1735892020000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Data-driven analysis in 3D concrete printing: predicting and optimizing construction mixtures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo Teixeira","family":"Schossler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shafi","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zaid","family":"Alajlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6879-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"44_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4149","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16114149","volume":"16","author":"A Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali, A., Riaz, R. 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